weeds control in sugarcane
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Weeds Control in Sugarcane Mian Sajid Hussain
Cane Development Cell, FSML [email protected] +92-333-8382939
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y What is a Weed?
y Definitions:- Any plant or vegetation, excluding fungi,
interfering with the objectives or requirements of people (EWRS)
- A plant growing where it is not desired (WSSA)
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CCHHAARRAACCTTEERRIISSIITTIICCSS OOFF WWEEEEDDSS
-- ggrrooww vveerryy qquuiicckkllyy && rraappiidd sseeeeddlliinngg ggrroowwtthh
-- aaddaappttss eeaassiillyy ttoo ddiiffffeerreenntt aaggrroocclliimmaattiicc ccoonnddiittiioonnss
-- rreepprroodduuccttiioonn && mmuullttiipplliiccaattiioonn
-- nnuummeerroouuss ffeerrttiillee sseeeeddss
-- vveeggeettaattiivveellyy tthhrroo’’ rrhhiizzoommeess,, bbuullbbss
-- bbootthh sseeeeddss && vveeggeettaattiivveellyy
-- pprrooppaaggaattiioonn
-- wwiinndd;; ee..gg.. SSoonncchhuuss aassppeerr
-- aanniimmaallss ((iinnccll.. mmaann));; ee..gg.. BBiiddeennss ppiilloossaa
-- mmaacchhiinneess && ttoooollss
-- wwaatteerr;; ee..gg.. ffllooaattiinngg sseeeeddss bbyy rraaiinn,, iinn ddrraaiinnss,, iirrrriiggaattiioonn wwaatteerr
-- wweeeedd sseeeedd bbaannkk;; ddoorrmmaanntt sseeeeddss iinn ssooiill
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BBeenneeffiicciiaall eeffffeeccttss ooff wweeeeddss
-- hhuummaann ccoonnssuummppttiioonn;; ee..gg.. AAmmaarraanntthhuuss sspppp..,, SSoollaannuumm nniiggrruumm
-- aanniimmaall ffeeeedd;; iinnccll.. SSoonncchhuuss aassppeerr ffoorr rraabbbbiittss,, SSeettaarriiaa && PPaanniiccuumm mmaaxxiimmuumm
sseeeeddss ffoorr bbiirrddss
-- mmeeddiicciinnaall ppllaanntt;; PPllaannttaaggoo mmaajjoorr aaggaaiinnsstt ccoonnjjuunnccttiivviittiiss && PPllaannttaaggoo llaanncceeoollaattaa
ffoorr hhyyppeerr--tteennssiioonn,, ffooxxgglloovvee ((DDiiggiittaalliiss ppuurrppuurreeaa)) ssoouurrccee ooff ggllyyccoossiiddeess ddiiggiittaalliinn
aanndd ddiiggiittooxxiinn uusseedd aass ccaarrddiiaacc ssttiimmuullaannttss aanndd vvaassooccoonnssttrriiccttoorrss
-- EErroossiioonn ccoonnttrrooll;; bbaarree ssooiill iiss vvuullnneerraabbllee ttoo ssooiill aanndd wwiinndd eerroossiioonn
-- BBiiooddiivveerrssiittyy ((ffaauunnaa && fflloorraa));; wweeeeddss pprroovviiddee ffoooodd && sshheelltteerr ffoorr aanniimmaall ssppeecciieess
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CLASSIFICATION OF WEEDS
- botanical
- ‘agronomical’
- Botanical classification:
- Weed identification – importance for control
- more convenient to scientists than farmers
- Agronomical : more friendly for farmers
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Vernacular namesBotanical names
Mauritius Reunion Other countries
Cynodon dactylon chiendent Petit-chiendent
Chiendent fil de fer
Bermuda grass
Couch grass
Elusine indica Chiendent patte poule C. patte poule
Gros chiendent
Digitaria horizontalis Gros meinki Chiendent caille Crab grass
Cyperus rotundus Herbe à oignons Oumine/zoumine Nut grass
Bidens pilosa Villebague Piquant –noir/ sornette Cobler’s pegs
Blackjack
Solanum nigrum Brede martin Morelle/Morelle noire Blackberry/nightshade
Panicum maximum Fataque Herbe fataque Guinea grass /Barby
Sataria barbata H. bambou/ bassine millet
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WEEDS
ANNUALS PERENNIALS
Broad-Leaved Grasses Sedges Vines
V/S
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CCLLAASSSSIIFFIICCAATTIIOONN OOFF WWEEEEDDSS
AAnnnnuuaall wweeeeddss:: ppllaanntt wwhhiicchh ggrroowwss aanndd ddiieess aafftteerr pprroodduucciinngg sseeeeddss
SSeeeeddss
fflloowweerrss ggeerrmmiinnaattiioonn
‘‘aadduulltt’’ sseeeeddlliinngg
PPeerreennnniiaall wweeeeddss:: ppllaanntt ddooeess nnoott ddiiee aafftteerr ccoommpplleettiinngg ccyyccllee aanndd rreemmaaiinn ffoorr
mmaannyy yyeeaarrss
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Botanical name: Ipomoea nil L.Common name: Liseron
Family : Convulvulaceae
Characteristics : Perennial; produces large amount of seeds; widely distributed
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Bot. name: Paederia foetida L.Common name: Lingue
Family : Rubiaceae
Characteristics : Perennial; reproduces mainly by rhizomes; widely distributed
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• Weeds compete with crops for environmental
resources available in limited supply
• Three essential elements which have a great
influence on growth:• water• light• mineral nutrients
• Competition defined as the tendency of
neighbouring plants to utilise the same quantum of
light, ion of mineral nutrient, molecule of water, or
volume of space. As a consequence, weeds may
reduce yield significantly and impair crop quality.
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WEED COMPETITION
- Global or World-wide basis, 10% crop yield reduction by weeds
(Zimdahl, 1980: Froud-Williams, 2002)
- In tropics, crop loss may exceed 15%
- Crop losses depend on many factors
- In s. cane, no weed control may result in total loss of crop in plant
cane whereas a maximum yield loss of 60% may be recorded in
ratoon cane
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Economic importance
- Weed control represents an important proportion of the total
expenditure in crop production
- Costs of weed control affect profitability of a crop
- Costs for crop protection (chemicals only) world-wide: US $ 30
billions
- In Mauritius, herbicide imports : Approx. 300 millions MUR
- Costs for weed control in sugar cane estimated at MUR 425
millions
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An arbitrary rating scale ranging between 1 and 8 has been established for that purpose by
Rochecouste (1959) as follows :-
1- very rare
2- rare
3- occasional
4- fairly frequent
5- frequent
6- common
7- abundant
8 very abundant
FREQUENCY ABUNDANCE METHOD