Webster’s International

AtlasTHIRD EDITION

Created in Cooperation with the Editors of ENCYCLOPÆDIA BRITANNICA

A Division of Merriam-Webster, IncorporatedSpringfield, Massachusetts

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Copyright © 2012 by Merriam-Webster, Incorporated

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ISBN 978-1-59695-137-2

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Contents

Preface ivMap Abbreviations vGuide to Map Projections viMap Legend viiiMAPS – Countries of the World 1MAPS – States of the United States 202MAPS – The District of Columbia and the Territories of the United States 304Dependencies and Areas of Special Sovereignty 311Outlying Islands Not Shown on Country Maps 317Country Capitals and Their Populations 319List of Selected Cities 325World’s Largest Lakes 387World’s Longest Rivers 388World’s Tallest Mountains 389

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iv

PrefaceThis atlas provides basic information about each of

the 195 countries of the world, the fifty states, the District of Columbia, and the five territories of the United States. It has been completely revised and updated to incorpo-rate the most current information available.

A full page is provided for each country, two for each state, and one for each territory with information includ-ing a full-color map showing both populated places and major natural features, a locator map, and a fact box con-taining important information about the country, state, or territory. There is also a representation of the country, state, or territory flag with a brief flag history.

Additional information appears in tables at the back of the book that show islands and regions that are depen-dencies of other countries, country capitals with their populations, and major world cities with their geographi-cal coordinates, as well as the world’s longest rivers, tall-est mountains, and largest lakes.

This colorful, compact book was created by the edi-tors of Encyclopædia Britannica in association with the editors of Merriam-Webster. It has been designed as a handy, affordable resource to help readers better under-stand our changing world.

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Countriesof theWorld

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Victorious against the Spanish on May 24, 1822, Antonio José de Sucre hoisted a yellow-blue-red flag. Other flags were later used, but on Sept. 26, 1860, the current flag design was adopted. The coat of arms is displayed on the flag when it is used abroad or for official purposes, to distinguish it from the flag of Colombia.

Ecuador 53

© 2011 Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.

Equator

4°

2°

80° 78° 76°

Gulf ofGuayaquil

Ancón de SardinasBay

P A C I F I COC EA N

Santiago

Mar

añón

Tigre

Napo Napo

Coca

Jubones

Aguarico

PointSanta Elena

SANGAY NATIONAL PARK

YASUNINATIONAL PARK

CAYAMBE-COCAECOLOGICAL RESERVE

COTACHI-CAYAPASECOLOGICAL

RESERVE

PLATA I.

PUNÁ I.

Sangay Volcano17,159 ft

Cayambe Volcano18,996 ft.

ChimborazoVolcano

20,701 ft.

CotopaxiVolcano

19,347 ft.

EA ST ER N R EGI O N

SANTA ELENAPENINSULA

CO

ST

A

AND

ES

MO

UN

TAIN

S A

ND

ES M

OUN

TAIN

S

COR

DIL

LER

AD

E CU

TUCÚ

COR

DIL

LER

A D

ELCÓ

ND

OR

COLONCHE

MTS.

CHIN

DUL

MTS

.

CORD

ILLE

RA

DE G

ALER

AS

C O L O M B I A

P E R U

Quito

Guayaquil

Sullana

Pasto

Huaquillas Pasaje

Jipijapa

Santo Domingode los Colorados

Quevedo

General Leonidas PlazaGutiérrez

Macará

YantzazaPiñas

Girón

Naranjal

Salinas

Balzar

Muisne

Valdez San Lorenzo

San Gabriel

Puerto Franciscode Orellana

Loja

MachalaCuenca

MantaPortoviejo

Ambato

Esmeraldas

Babahoyo Riobamba

Tulcán

Ibarra

Zamora

Azogues

Macas

Puyo

Tena

Otavalo

Latacunga

ECUADOR

0 100 mi50

0 80 160 km

Scale 1: 8,842,000

Official name: Republic of EcuadorHead of state and government: PresidentOfficial language: Spanish Monetary unit: U.S. dollarArea: 98,985 sq. mi. (256,370 sq. km.)Population (2010): 14,219,000GNI per capita (2009): U.S.$3,940Principal exports (2008): crude

petroleum 57.1%, bananas and plantains 8.9%, fish 5.4%, refined petroleum 5.1%, shrimp 3.6% to: U.S. 45.3%; Peru 9.2%; Chile 8.1%; Panama 4.8%; Colombia 4.2%

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The 1952 revolt against British rule established the red-white-black flag with a central gold eagle. Two stars replaced the eagle in 1958, and in 1972 a federation with Syria and Libya was formed, adding instead the hawk of Quraysh (the tribe of Muhammad). On Oct. 9, 1984, the eagle of Saladin (a major 12th-century ruler) was substituted.

54 Egypt

© 2011 Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.

Areaadministered

by Sudan

Area administeredby Egypt

AdministrativeBoundary

Tropic of Cancer

20°

30°

25°

30° 35°25°

FoulBay

Gulf of Sollum

Nile

Gulf of Suez

LakeNasser

MEDITERRANEAN SEA

Suez Canal

RE

D

SE

A

Banâs Point

T≠R©NISLAND

Mount Catherine8,652 ft.

Mount Sh™Æyb al-Ban™t7,173 ft.

Mount Ab∫ Qur∫n3,565 ft.

Mount Nuqru∑4,936 ft. Mount ¥am™πah

6,485 ft.

Mount B™bayn3,621 ft.

UPPER EGYPT

SINAIPENINSULA

EASTERN DESERT QATTARA

DEPRESSION

WESTERN

DESERT

AB± MU¥ARRIK

DUNES

LI B

YA

N D

ES

ER

T

LOWEREGYPT

AL-JILF AL-KAB≠R PLATEAU

LIBYAN PLATEAU

SUDAN

SAUDIARABIA

ISRAELGAZA STRIP

JORDAN

LIBYA

CairoGiza

Al-Maµallah Al-Kubr™

MallawÆ

Qin™

Al-Maª∑arah

∏anπ™

Port Said

Asyut

Suez

Damietta

Al-ªArÆsh

Sawh™j

Jirj™

Luxor

AkhmÆm

Asw™n

Banh™

AlexandriaMatruh

Al-FayyûmBaniSuwayf

Al-Kh™rijah

Al-Miny™

Az-Z™qaziq

Al-Man∑∫rah

Aπ-∏∫r

Memphis

Abu Simbel

Aswan High Dam

Scale 1: 18,156,000

EGYPT

0 200 mi100

0 200100 300 km

Official name: Arab Republic of EgyptHead of government: Prime MinisterOfficial language: ArabicMonetary unit: Egyptian poundArea: 386,874 sq. mi. (1,002,000 sq. km.)Population (2010): 84,474,000GNI per capita (2009): U.S.$2,070Principal exports (2008): refined

petroleum 18.9%, LNG 13.7%, food products 9.6%, crude petroleum 8.4% to: India 6.3%; Spain 5.7%; Netherlands 5.7%; U.S. 4.9%

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El Salvador 55

In the early 19th century a blue-white-blue flag was designed for the short-lived United Provinces of Central America, in which El Salvador was a member. On Sept. 15, 1912, the flag was reintroduced in El Salvador. The coat of arms in the cen-ter resembles that used by the former federation and includes the national motto, “God, Union, Liberty.”

© 2011 Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.

14° N

88°90°

P A C I F I C O C E A N

LakeCoatepeque

Gulf ofFonseca

LakeIlopango

EmbalseCerrín Grande

Lem

pa

Point Cosigüina

MONTECRISTONATIONAL PARK

EL JOCOTALWILDLIFE REFUGE

Chingo Volcano5,852 ft.

Mount El Pital8,954 ft.

San MiguelVolcano6,957 ft.

Santa Ana Volcano7,755 ft.

H O N D U R A S

NICARAGUA

GUAT EMALA

Chalchuapa

Izalco

SantaAna

Sonsonate

Nueva SanSalvador

Cojutepeque

San Vicente

Zacatecoluca

Usulután

SanMiguel

La Unión

Acajutla

Ilobasco

Chalatenango

Sensuntepeque

San Francisco

SanSalvador

EL SALVADOR

0 25 mi

0 20 40 km

Scale 1: 3,175,000

Official name: Republic of El SalvadorHead of state and government: PresidentOfficial language: SpanishMonetary unit: U.S. dollarArea: 8,124 sq. mi. (21,040 sq. km.)Population (2010): 6,052,000GNI per capita (2009): U.S.$3,370Principal exports (2008): apparel and

clothing accessories 34.7%, food 17.8%, paper and paper products 3.8% to: United States 48.1%; Guatemala 13.6%; Honduras 13.0%; Nicaragua 5.5%; Costa Rica 3.7%

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Statesof the

United States

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HAWAII

Official name: State of HawaiiNickname: Aloha StateState Capital: HonoluluState Flower: Yellow hibiscusMotto: Ua Mau Ke Ea O Ka Aina I Ka

Pono (The Life of the Land is Perpetuated in Righteousness)

Admitted to the Union: 1959 (50th)Total area: 6,468 sq. mi. (16,752

sq. km.) (ranks 47th)Population (2010): 1,360,301 (ranks

40th)Chief Cities/settlements: Hilo (on

island of Hawaii), Honolulu (on island of Oahu), Lihue (on island of Kauai), Wailuku (on island of Maui)

Principal products/industries: Sugarcane production, food processing, tourism, military bases

Highest point: Mauna Kea 13,796 ft. (4208 m.) on island of Hawaii

State HistoryOriginal settlers came from the Marquesas Islands c. 400 A.D.; groups from Tahiti arrived c. 900–1000 A.D.; first European encounter 1778 with English Capt. James Cook who named it the Sandwich Islands and was killed here 1779; most of island group united under rule (1795–1819) of King Kamehameha I; frequented by American whalers from early 19th century; first visited by Christian missionaries from New England 1820; recognized as independent by U.S., Great Britain, and France 1840s; secured reciprocity treaty with U.S. 1875; Queen Liliuokalani over­thrown and provisional government established with U.S. assistance 1893; declared republic 1894; annexed to U.S. by joint resolution 1898; established as U.S. territory 1900; scene of Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor Dec. 7, 1941; admitted as a state Aug. 21, 1959.

In 1793 Captain George Vancouver from Great Britain presented the Union Jack to the conquering king Kameha meha I, who was then uniting the islands into a single state; the Union Jack flew unofficially as the flag of Hawaii until 1816, when red, white, and blue stripes were added.

222 Hawaii

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Hawaii 223

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IDAHO

Official name: State of IdahoNickname: Gem StateState Capital: BoiseState Flower: SyringaMotto: Esto Perpetua (Let It Be

Perpetual)Admitted to the Union: 1890 (43rd)Total area: 83,569 sq. mi. (216,443

sq. km.) (ranks 14th)Population (2010): 1,567,582 (ranks

39th)Chief Cities: Boise, Caldwell, Idaho Falls, Lewiston, Nampa, Pocatello,

Twin FallsPrincipal products/industries: Potatoes, sugar beets, wheat, alfalfa,

Kentucky bluegrass seed, cattle, antimony, silver, phosphates, lead, wood products, chemicals, food products, fishing, hunting, outdoor recreation

Highest point: Borah Peak, 12,662 ft. (3862 m.)

State HistoryFirst inhabited by American Indians; explored by Lewis and Clark expe­dition 1805; part of Oregon Country; ceded to U.S. by British 1846; in­cluded in Oregon Territory 1848; became part of Washington Terri tory in 1850s, and part of Idaho Territory 1863; gold discovered 1860; crossed by Oregon Trail; admitted to Union July 3, 1890.

On March 5, 1866, Idaho Territory adopted its first official seal, representing mountains below a new moon, a steamer on the Shoshone River, figures of Liberty and Peace, an elk’s head, and agricultural produce. A similar seal was adopted for the new state on March 14, 1891.

224 Idaho

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Idaho 225

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ILLINOIS

Official name: State of IllinoisNickname: Prairie State, Land of

LincolnState Capital: SpringfieldState Flower: VioletMotto: State Sovereignty—National

UnionAdmitted to the Union: 1818 (21st)Total area: 57,916 sq. mi. (150,002

sq. km.) (ranks 25th)Population (2010): 12,830,632 (ranks

5th)Chief Cities: Aurora, Chicago, Joliet, Naperville, Peoria, Rockford,

SpringfieldPrincipal products/industries: Corn, soybeans, wheat, oats, dairy products,

livestock, oil, coal, machinery, chemicals, metal products, food prod­ucts, printing and publishing

Highest point: Charles Mound, 1235 ft. (377 m.)

State HistoryExplored by Père Jacques Marquette and Louis Jolliet 1673 and by René­Robert Cavelier de La Salle who erected Fort Crèvecœur on Illinois River 1680; included in French Louisiana; ceded by France to England 1763 and by England to U.S. 1783; Virginia claims to territory given up by 1786; part of Northwest Territory 1787, of Indiana Territory 1800, and of Illinois Territory 1809; admitted to the Union Dec. 3, 1818 with capi­tal at Kaskaskia (capital transferred to Vandalia 1820 and to Springfield 1837); adopted present constitution 1970.

On July 6, 1915, the legislature adopted a flag that had been developed in a contest. The flag showed design elements from the state seal—a rock on a stretch of land with water and the rising sun behind it, plus a shield bearing the national stars and stripes in the claws of a bald eagle.

226 Illinois

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Illinois 227

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Dependencies and Areas of Special Sovereignty 313

Administrative Name Formal Name Sovereignty Center Location Position

Hong Kong Hong Kong China (none) South 22°15' N 114°11' W Special (see note 8) China Sea Administrative Region

Howland Island Howland Island United States Administered central 0°48' N 176°38' W from Pacific Washington, Ocean D.C.

Isle of Man Isle of Man British Crown Douglas Irish Sea 54°15' N 4°30' W Dependency (off western Great Britain)

Jan Mayen Jan Mayen Norway Administered Arctic Ocean 71°00' N 8°20' W from Oslo (east of (see note 9) Greenland)

Jarvis Island Jarvis Island United States Administered central Pacific 0°23' S 160°02' W from Ocean Washington, D.C.

Jersey Bailiwick of British Crown Saint Helier English 49°15' N 2°10' W Jersey Dependency Channel (off northern France)

Johnston Atoll Johnston Atoll United States Administered North Pacific 16°45' N 169°32' W from Ocean Washington, D.C.

Kingman Reef Kingman Reef United States Administered North Pacific 6°24' N 162°22' W from Ocean Washington, D.C.

Macau Macau Special China Macau southeastern 22°10' N 113°33' E Administrative (see note 10) China Region

Martinique Caribbean 14°40' N 61°00' W (see note 5) Sea

Mayotte Departmental France Mamoudzou Mozambique 12°50' S 45°10' E Collectivity Channel of Mayotte (southeastern Africa)

Midway Midway United States Administered North Pacific 28°13' N 177°22' W Islands Islands from Ocean Washington, D.C.

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Afghanistan K™bul 700,000Albania Tiranë 400,000Algeria Algiers 2,740,000Andorra AndorralaVella 21,609Angola Luanda 2,783,000AntiguaandBarbuda SaintJohn's 31,000Argentina BuenosAires 2,776,138Armenia Yerevan 1,104,900Australia Canberra 356,120Austria Vienna 1,687,271Azerbaijan Baku 1,145,000Bahamas,The Nassau 226,100Bahrain Al-Manamah 157,000Bangladesh Dh™k™(Dacca) 6,732,968Barbados Bridgetown 5,996Belarus Minsk 1,836,808Belgium Brussels 148,873Belize Belmopan 16,435Benin Cotonou(official) 762,000 Porto-Novo(defacto) 257,000Bhutan Thimphu 79,185Bolivia LaPaz (administrative) 835,300 Sucre(judicial) 265,300Bosniaand Herzegovina Sarajevo 392,000Botswana Gaborone 224,000Brazil Brasília 2,606,885Brunei BandarSeriBegawan 32,331Bulgaria Sofia 1,162,898BurkinaFaso Ouagadougou 1,475,233Burundi Bujumbura 429,000Cambodia PhnomPenh 1,242,992Cameroon Yaoundé 1,739,000Canada Ottawa 812,129CapeVerde Praia 125,000CentralAfricanRepublic Bangui 622,771Chad N'Djamena 721,000Chile Santiago 200,792China Beijing(Peking) 8,580,376Colombia Bogotá 7,243,698Comoros Moroni 46,000Congo,DemocraticRepublicofthe Kinshasha 7,273,947Congo,Republicofthe Brazzaville 1,355,000CostaRica SanJosé 356,174Coted´Ivoire Abidjan 3,802,000Croatia Zagreb 690,000

1946195519621993197619811945199219451955199219731971197419661945194519811960

1971

1945

19921966194519841955196019621955196019451975

196019601945194519451975

19601960194519601992

•

•

•

• •

•

•

•

••

Population United Nations Common- Country National Capital of National (date of wealth Capital admission) of Nations

Country Capitals and Their Populations

319

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387

World’s Largest Lakes

Name and location Area (square miles)

WORLDCaspian Sea, Turkmenistan –Kazakstan–Russia–Azerbaijan-Iran 149,200Superior, Canada–United States 31,700Victoria, Kenya–Tanzania–Uganda 26,828Huron, Canada–United States 23,000Michigan, United States 22,300Aral Sea, Kazakstan–Uzbekistan 13,000Tanganyika, Burundi–Tanzania–Dem. Rep. Congo–Zambia 12,700Baikal, Russia 12,200

AFRICAVictoria, Kenya-Tanzania–Uganda 26,828Tanganyika, Burundi–Tanzania-Dem. Rep. Congo–Zambia 12,700Nyasa (Malawi), Malawi–Mozambique–Tanzania 11,430Chad, Cameroon–Chad–Niger–Nigeria 6,875Bangweulu, Zambia 3,800

AMERICA, NORTHSuperior, Canada–United States 31,700Huron, Canada–United States 23,000Michigan, United States 22,300Great Bear, Northwest Territories, Canada 12,028Great Slave, Northwest Territories, Canada 11,031

AMERICA, SOUTHMaracaibo, Venezuela 5,150Titicaca, Peru–Bolivia 3,200Poopó, Bolivia 1,000Buenos Aires (General Carrera), Chile–Argentina 865Chiquita, Argentina 714

ASIACaspian Sea, Turkmenistan–Kazakstan–Russia–Azerbaijan-Iran 149,200Aral Sea, Kazakstan–Uzbekistan 13,000Baikal, Russia 12,200Balkhash, Kazakstan 6,650Tonle Sap, Cambodia 2,525

EUROPELadoga, Russia 6,826Onega, Russia 3,753Vänern, Sweden 2,156Iso Saimaa, Finland 1,690Peipsi, Estonia–Russia 1,373

OCEANIAEyre, South Australia 3,600Torrens, South Australia 2,230Gairdner, South Australia 1,845Frome, South Australia 900

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