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WEBSITE FOR MTNLBROADBAND SERVICES

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A project submitted in partial fulfillment of

the requirement for Mahanagar Telephone

Nagar Limited summer training 2009

Submitted to:

MTNL(Mahanagar Telephone Nagar Limited)

Sector-9,Rohini.

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WEBSITE FOR MTNL

BROADBAND SERVICES

(A Project Report For MTNL Summer Training 2009)

Made by:

Chirag Kataria

Rashi Aggarwal

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INDEX

PrefaceAcknowledgement

Introduction

Objectives

Justification and need of the system

Advantages of the project

Platform used

System development life cycleGantt chart

System model

Recognition of need

Need Identification

Feasibility study

Cost-Benefit analysis

System analysisWorking environment

Java

Weblogic

Oracle

System design

Database design

ER-diagram

Form design

Coding

Testing

Maintenance

Conclusion

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Future prospects

Bibliography

PREFACE

The website for MTNL Broadband Services is an

application that is maintained in order to give a moderneffective management for maintenance of broadband users

account and giving the details of internet usage to the

customers apart from providing other facilities like billing

information.

Computerization of broadband services is of great

significance for making the complicated process of record

maintenance as simple as possible using structured and

modular design.

Due to spurting of many books, the record maintenance of

large number of customers has grown considerably.

Though the whole work cannot be claimed to be project,

the main purpose of this project is record maintenance and

providing information about the number of MBs used, freeMBs, various packages available and the billing

information etc.

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The best part about completion of project are sense of

achievement and that they offer a wonderful opportunity to

thanks all those who are directly or indirectly associated

with the project. This project was special it was undertaken

as a requirements for the completion of summer training

conducted by MTNL. Entire project development processes

helps us grasp not just the technical details of the subject but also helped us understand the IT (Software

Development) world and how people work here.

We consider ourselves fortunate enough to be in right

place with right person. We are very much obliged to our

guide Mr. Vijay and _______ for their diligent support and

invaluable guidance. We take this opportunity to express

our deep sense of gratitude and hearty thank to the staff ofMTNL for their valuable guidance, kind suggestion and

constant encouragement.

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Chirag Kataria

Rashi Aggarwal

INTRODUCTION

The World-Wide Web (WWW) continues to grow at an astonishing rate.

For a telecom company it is very important to be in touch with the customer

and provide them a sense of care. Today almost every home in urban India is

having a broadband connection. Various telecom companies are emerging at

a fast pace with lucrative schemes. To come up and win the race with flying

colours needs something extra. For this a company should treat its customers

with timely offers, new packages etc. Above all, the services should be

transparent. For example, a broadband company should tell the customers

how much MBs they have used during each session. Apart from this, it

should provide billing information so that if a customer havent received a

months bill then he could check it from his account. This will save the

customers time in going to MTNL office to check his bill and above all the

tension to remember whether the months bill has arrived or not, whether he

has paid it or not. He should be able to see which of his bills are fully paid,

partially paid or unpaid.

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In this project we are considering three types of users.

Administrator is the person who will have all the controls under him. He

can add, delete, update the record of a employee in the database. He can also

do the addition, deletion and updation in the records of a customer. He will

be the master of the website who can provide passwords to employees. He

can view the lists like area wise customers, bill amount wise customers etc.

Employee/User is the MTNL staff who can do the addition and deletion in

the records of a customer apart from doing various updations. They can also

see the lists like area wise customers, bill amount wise customers, status of

bill etc.

Customer will be the person who is having the broadband connection. He

will have the facility to check his bill information, do see the various

packages available, to change his password for security reasons, to see his

internet usage and the no. of MBs left if he is having a package providing

free MBs.

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ADVANTAGES OF THE PROJECT

Computerization makes the work of staff as well as customer

easier, faster and manageable. Automation of any systemmakes it more reliable and efficient. Staff will not have to

waste their time in doing so much paper work. Customers

will now not have to wait to get their records made and

updated by hands, which takes a lot of time. Thus time spend

by a customer to get its work done is reduced. Also, the

waiting time to get their records made and updated is reduce

significantly.

It is going to be advantageous for telecom company

because they will have to pay half or even fewer employees

as the most of the work will be taken over by the computer.

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PLATFORM USED

Hardware Requirement

1. Intel Core 2 Duo Processor

2. Color Monitor

3. Keyboard

4. 160 GB Hard Disk

5. 2 GB RAM

6. Compact Disk Drive

Software Requirement

1. Windows 9x

2. BEA Weblogic Platform 8.1

3. Oracle 9i

4. Notepad

5. Java Development kit

Front End Used

Java

Back End Used

Oracle 9i

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SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT LIFE

CYCLE

The Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC) is a

conceptual model used in project management that

describes the stages involved in an information system

development project from an initial feasibility study

through maintenance of the completed application.

Various phases involved in development:

Recognition of need/Preliminary Investigation

Feasibility Study

System Analysis

System Design

Development of software

System testing

Implementation and Evaluation

Maintenance

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GANTT CHART

6/9/200 96/14/20096/19/200 96/24/200 96/29/20 097/4/200 97/9/20 097/14/2009

Recogni t ion

of need

Feasibil ity

Study

Analysis

Des ign

Development

Testing

M aintenanc e

Start Date

Duration(day

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SYSTEM MODEL

There are various software development approaches

defined and designed which are used/employed during

development process of software, these approaches are also

referred as "Software Development Process Models". Each

process model follows a particular life cycle in order to

ensure success in process of software development.

EVOLUTIONARY MODEL

Evolutionary development is away of developing an

initial development exposing it to the user component and refining

it, with many versions, so as to develop an adequate system.There are basically three types of Evolutionary software process

model:-

1. Incremental Model.

2. Spiral Model.

3. Component Based Model.

During the project we have used Spiral Model. The description of

model is as follows:-

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The Spiral Model is an Evolutionary software process model that

couples the iterative nature of prototyping with the controlled and

systematic aspects of the linear sequential-model.

Using the spiral model software is developed in a series of

incremental releases. During early iterations the incremental

release might be a paper model or prototype. During later iterations

increasingly more complete versions of the engineered systems are

produced.

A Spiral model is divided into a number of framework

activities also called task reasons. There are basically six task

reasons they are:-

1. Customer communication.

2. Planning.

3. Risk Analysis.

4. Engineering.

5. Construction and release.

6. Customer evaluation.

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The descriptions of these tasks are as follows:-

1. Customer communication: - Customer communication task required

establishing effective communication between developer and

customer.

2. Planning: - Planning task is to define resources, timelines and other

project and related information.

3. Risk Analysis: - Risk analysis task is required to access both

technical and management risk.

4. Engineering:-Engineering task requires building one or more

representation of the application.

5. Construction and release: - Construction and release task required

constructing, task, installation, and providing user support.

6. Customer Evaluation: - Customer Evaluation task required obtaining

customer feedback based on the evaluation of the softwarerepresentation created during the installation stage.

From fig. In this model the software engineering team moves around

the spiral in a clockwise direction beginning at the center.

The first circuit around the spiral model might result in the

development of the product specification. Sub-sequent passes around

the spiral might be used to develop a prototype and then progressively

more sophisticated versions of the software.

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RECOGNITION OF NEED

The first step is to identify a need for the new system. This

will include determining whether a business problem or

opportunity exists, conducting a feasibility study to

determine if the proposed solution is cost effective, and

developing a project plan.

This process may involve end users who come up with anidea for improving their work. Ideally, the process occurs

in tandem with a review of the organization's strategic plan

to ensure that IT is being used to help the organization

achieve its strategic objectives. Management may need to

approve concept ideas before any money is budgeted for its

development.

Problem definition defines the user requirements,or whatthe user expects out of the system.This also includes a

rough idea of the resource requirement for the project.

The main objective of MTNL Broadband Services website

System is to provide customers a easy and efficient way to

see their internet usages, bill details, customer details etc.

apart from helping the employees of MTNL in organizing

and maintaining the records of customers efficiently. The

records are automatically updated in the database when any

transaction takes place.

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A commonly used checklist for verifying requirements

consists of the following:

Correct Simply put, does the requirement correctly

reflect what the user wants?

Complete Ensure no elements are missing from the

requirement, does the requirement describe allpossible values, what about

performance/security/accessibility aspects of a

requirement?

Consistent Checking that there are no contradictions

within the requirements.

Feasible Can the requirement be delivered given the

technology, time and budget constraints.

Testable Is the expected result known and can it beprogramatically or visually verified?

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NEED IDENTIFICATION

The main problem in an organization like a telecom

industry is record maintenance of each and every customer

and to provide each customer the details of its internetusage. Internet has entered in everyones life so a

organization has to pace up with the world . Since there can

be many intervals of internet usages everyday so a

organization providing such facility should maintain a

record for each and every interval for which internet is used

, bill maintenance etc., therefore it is necessary to maintain

large number of records. Moreover it is very difficult to use

them for future references, therefore the need for website is

felt.

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FEASIBILITY STUDY

Feasibility study is a procedure that identifies, describes

and evaluates the system.

The objective of a feasibility study is to acquire a sense of

its scope for solving the problem. Size of the project isdetermined. Costs and benefits are also estimated with

greater accuracy at this stage.

Preliminary analysis would examine the project feasibility,

i.e. to evaluate whether it would be worthwhile to proceed

with the project. The key considerations involved in the

feasibility analysis are:

Technical Feasibility

Economic Feasibility

Behavioural Feasibility

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TECHNICAL FEASIBILITY: It determines whether the

technology needed for the proposed system is available and

how it can be integrated within the organization. It also

assess whether the staff have the expertise to assimilate and

use the new technology. It is concerned with specifying

equipment and software that will successfully support the

required task.

ECONOMIC FEASIBILITY: The purpose of assessing

economic feasibility is to identify the financial benefits and

costs associated with the development project. It is also

called Cost-Benefit Analysis.

BEHAVIOURAL FEASIBILITY: People are resistant to

change so an estimate should be made of how strong a

reaction the user staff is likely to have towards the

development of proposed system.

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COST-BENEFIT ANALYSIS

It is a tool for evaluating the effectiveness of the project. It

may be used by the management to decide as to what extent

benefits outweigh the costs. The costs associated with the

proposed business system are the expenses arising from

developing, installing, training and implementing the

system.

We started the project by listing the possible queries that

the user might want to satisfy and on these lines we guided

the project further. Following are the drawbacks which our

project overcomes:

Firstly, there are expenses in maintaining the human

resource and more staff is required in maintaining the data.

Secondly, the time involved in recording the data is also

more.

Thirdly, if the project is to be used for future references

then the whole records have to be searched to find out one

single record, which is very time consuming.

The cost of storing the data and retrieval of data is less. Nodoubt initially the cost of installing the hardware and

providing training to the user staff will be high but in long

run benefits are more than the costs; thus our project is

ECONOMICAL FEASIBLE.

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SYSTEM ANALYSIS

It is the detailed understanding of all important facts of the

business area under investigation. The relationships of

various system components among themselves and with

environment are studied and understood. This requires data

collection from a variety of sources like questionnaires,

forms, interviews, records etc.

Structured analysis is a set of techniques and graphical

tools that allow the analysis to develop a new kind of

system specifications that are easily understandable to the

user. The structured analysis considers new goals and

structured tools for analysis. The new goals specify the

following:

Use of graphics wherever possible to help better

communication.

To differentiate between logical and physical system.

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WORKING ENVIRONMENT

The project Courier Services Management System has been

made in Java and Oracle 9i. The server used in this project

is BEA Weblogic Platform 8.1

JAVA

Java was conceived by James Gosling, Patrick Naughton,

Chris Warth, Ed Frank, and Mike Sheridan at Sun

Microsystems, Inc. in 1991. It took 18 months to develop

the first working version. This language was initially called

Oak but was renamed Java

in 1995.

IMPORTANCE OF JAVA

Java Applications and Applets

Java can be used to create two types of programs:

applications and applets. An application is a program thatruns on your computer, under the operating system of that

computer. That is, an application created by Java is more or

less like one created using C or C++. When used to create

applications, Java is not much different from any other

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computer language. Rather, it is Javas ability to create

applets that makes it important.

An appletis an application designed to be transmitted overthe Internet and executed by a Java-compatible Webbrowser. An applet is actually a tiny Java program,

dynamically downloaded across the network, just like an

image, sound file, or video clip. The important difference is

that an applet is an intelligent program, not just an

animation or media file. In other words, an applet is a

program that can react to user input and dynamically

changenot just run the same animation or sound over andover.

Security

When you use a Java-compatible Web browser, you can

safely download Java applets without fear of viral infection

or malicious intent. Java achieves this protection by

confining a Java program to the Java executionenvironment and not allowing it access to other parts of the

computer.

Portability

Many types of computers and operating systems are in use

throughout the worldand many are connected to the

Internet. For programs to be dynamically downloaded to all

the various types of platforms connected to the Internet,

some means of generating portable executable code is

needed. Java provides portability.

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Bytecode

Bytecode is a highly optimized set of instructions designed

to be executed by the Java run-time system, which is called

theJava Virtual Machine (JVM). That is, in its standardform, the JVM is an interpreter for bytecode

FEATURES OF JAVA

Simple

Secure

Portable

Object-oriented

Robust

Multithreaded Architecture-neutral

Interpreted

High performance

Distributed

Dynamic

PACKAGES

Packages are containers for classes that are used to keepthe class name space compartmentalized.

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This is the general form of the package statement:

packagepkg;

SERVLETS

Servlets are small programs that execute on the server side

of a Web connection. Just as applets dynamically extend

the functionality of a Web browser, servlets dynamically

extend the functionality of a Web server.

The Life Cycle of a Servlet

Three methods are central to the life cycle of a servlet.

These are init( ), service( ), and destroy( ). They are

implemented by every servlet and are invoked at specifictimes by the server.

The basic steps are the following:

1. Create and compile the servlet source code.

2. Start Weblogic.

3. Start a Web browser and request the servlet.

The javax.servlet Package

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Thejavax.servletpackage contains a number of interfaces

and classes that establish the framework in which servlets

operate. The following table summarizes the core interfacesthat are provided in this package. The most significant of

these is Servlet. All servlets must implement this interface

or extend a class that implements the interface.

The ServletRequest and ServletResponse interfaces are

also very important.

Interface Description

Servlet Declares life cycle methods for a servlet.

ServletConfig Allows servlets to get initialization

parameters.

ServletContext Enables servlets to log events and access

information about their environment.

ServletRequest Used to read data from a client request.

ServletResponse Used to write data to a client response.

SingleThreadModel Indicates that the servlet is thread

safe.

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The WebLogic Server

Today's business environment demands Web and e-

commerce applications that accelerate our entry into newmarkets, help us find new ways to reach and retain

customers, and allow us to introduce new products and

services quickly. To build and deploy these new

solutions, we need a proven, reliable e-commerce

platform that can connect and empower all types of users

while integrating our corporate data, mainframe

applications, and other enterprise applications in a

powerful, flexible, end-to-end e-commerce solution. Oursolution must provide the performance, scalability, and

high availability needed to handle your most critical

enterprise-scale computing.

As the industry-leading e-commerce transaction platform,

WebLogic Server allows us to quickly develop and

deploy reliable, secure, scalable and manageable

applications. It manages system-level details so we canconcentrate on business logic and presentation.

WebLogic Server is an application server: a platform for

developing and deploying multitier distributed enterprise

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applications. WebLogic Server centralizes application

services such as Web server functionality, business

components, and access to backend enterprise systems. Ituses technologies such as caching and connection pooling

to improve resource use and application performance.

WebLogic Server also provides enterprise-level security

and powerful administration facilities.

WebLogic Server operates in the middle tier of a

multitier (orn-tier) architecture. A multitier architecturedetermines where the software components that make up

a computing system are executed in relation to each other

and to the hardware, network, and users. Choosing the

best location for each software component lets us develop

applications faster; eases deployment and administration;

and provides greater control over performance,

utilization, security, scalability, and reliability.

WebLogic Server implements J2EE, the Java Enterprise

standard. Java is a network-savvy, object-oriented

programming language, and J2EE includes component

technologies for developing distributed objects. This

functionality adds a second dimension to the WebLogic

Server application architecturea layering of application

logic, with each layer selectively deployed among

WebLogic Server J2EE technologies.

J2EE Platform

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WebLogic Server contains Java 2 Platform, Enterprise

Edition (J2EE) technologies. J2EE is the standard

platform for developing multitier enterprise applicationsbased on the Java programming language. The

technologies that make up J2EE were developed

collaboratively by Sun Microsystems and other software

vendors, including BEA Systems.

J2EE applications are based on standardized, modular

components. WebLogic Server provides a complete set of

services for those components and handles many details

of application behavior automatically, without requiring

programming.

FEATURES OF WEBLOGIC 8.1

WebLogic Server provides essential features for

developing and deploying mission-critical e-commerce

applications across distributed, heterogeneous computing

environments. These features include the following:

Standards leadershipComprehensive Enterprise

Java support to ease implementation and deployment

of application components. WebLogic Server is the

first independently developed Java application server

to achieve J2EE certification. Rich client optionsWebLogic Server supports Web

browsers and other clients that use HTTP; Java clients

that use RMI (Remote Method Invocation) or IIOP

(Internet Inter-ORB Protocol); and mobile devices that

use (WAP) Wireless Access Protocol. Connectors

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from BEA and other companies enable virtually any

client or legacy application to work with a WebLogic

Server application. Flexible Web servicesWebLogic Server provides a

solid platform for deploying Web services as

components of a heterogeneous distributed

application. Web services use a cross-platform, cross-

language data model (XML) to provide

interoperability among application components on

diverse hardware and software platforms.

Enterprise e-business scalabilityEfficient use and

high availability of critical resources are achieved

through Enterprise JavaBean business components and

mechanisms such as WebLogic Server clustering for

dynamic Web pages, backend resource pooling, and

connection sharing. Robust administrationWebLogic Server offers a

Web-based Administration Console for configuring

and monitoring WebLogic Server services. A

command-line interface for configuration makes it

convenient to administer WebLogic Servers with

scripts.

E-commerce-ready securityWebLogic Serverprovides Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) support for

encrypting data transmitted across WebLogic Server,

clients, and other servers. WebLogic security realms

feature user authentication and authorization for all

WebLogic Server services. External security stores,

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such as Lightweight Directory Access Protocol

(LDAP) servers, can be adapted to WebLogic realms,

enabling single sign-on for the enterprise. TheSecurity Service Provider Interface makes it possible

to extend WebLogic Security services and to

implement WebLogic Security features in

applications.

Maximum development and deployment flexibility

WebLogic Server provides tight integration with

and support for leading databases, development tools,

and other environments.

The next two sections describe these two views of

WebLogic Server architecture: software tiers and

application logic layers.

Software Component TiersThe software components of a multitier architecture

consist of three tiers:

The client tiercontains programs executed by users,including Web browsers and network-capable

application programs. These programs can be written

in virtually any programming language.

The middle tiercontains WebLogic Server and otherservers that are addressed directly by clients, such as

existing Web servers or proxy servers.

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The backend tiercontains enterprise resources, such asdatabase systems, mainframe and legacy applications,

and packaged enterprise resource planning (ERP)

applications.

Client applications access WebLogic Server directly, or

through another Web server or proxy server. WebLogic

Server generally connects with backend services onbehalf of clients. However, clients may directly access

backend services using a multitier JDBC driver.

Client-Tier Components

WebLogic Server clients use standard interfaces to access

WebLogic Server services. WebLogic Server has

complete Web server functionality, so a Web browser canrequest pages from WebLogic Server using the Web's

standard HTTP protocol. WebLogic Server servlets and

JavaServer Pages (JSPs) produce the dynamic,

personalized Web pages required for advanced e-

commerce Web applications.

Client programs written in Java may include highly

interactive graphical user interfaces built with Java Swingclasses. They can also access WebLogic Server services

using standard J2EE APIs.

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All these services are also available to Web browser

clients by deploying servlets and JSP pages in WebLogic

Server.

Middle-Tier Components

The middle tier includes WebLogic Server and other

Web servers, firewalls, and proxy servers that mediate

traffic between clients and WebLogic Server. The Nokia

WAP server, part of the BEA mobile commerce solution,is an example of another middle tier server that provides

connectivity between wireless devices and WebLogic

Server.

Applications based on a multitier architecture require

reliability, scalability, and high performance in the

middle tier. The application server you select for the

middle tier is, therefore, critical to the success of yoursystem.

The WebLogic Server cluster option allows you to

distribute client requests and back-end services among

multiple cooperating WebLogic Servers. Programs in the

client tier access the cluster as if it were a single

WebLogic Server. As the workload increases, you can

add WebLogic Servers to the cluster to share the work.The cluster uses a selectable load-balancing algorithm to

choose a WebLogic Server in the cluster that is capable

of handling the request.

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When a request fails, another WebLogic Server that

provides the requested service can take over. Failover is

transparent whenever possible, which minimizes theamount of code that must be written to recover from

failures. For example, servlet session state can be

replicated on a secondary WebLogic Server so that if the

WebLogic Server that is handling a request fails, the

client's session can resume uninterrupted on the

secondary server. WebLogic EJB, JMS, JDBC, and RMI

services are all implemented with clustering capabilities.

Backend-Tier Components

The backend tier contains services that are accessible to

clients only through WebLogic Server. Applications in

the backend tier tend to be the most valuable and

mission-critical enterprise resources. WebLogic Server

protects them by restricting direct access by end users.

With technologies such as connection pools and caching,WebLogic Server uses back-end resources efficiently and

improves application response.

Backend services include databases, enterprise resource

planning (ERP) systems, mainframe applications, legacy

enterprise applications, and transaction monitors.

Existing enterprise applications can be integrated into the

backend tier using the Java Connector Architecture (JCA)specification from Sun Microsystems. WebLogic Server

makes it easy to add a Web interface to an integrated

backend application.

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A database management system is the most common

backend service, required by nearly all WebLogic Server

applications. WebLogic EJB and WebLogic JMStypically store persistent data in a database in the backend

tier.

A JDBC connection pool, defined in WebLogic Server,

opens a predefined number of database connections.

Once opened, database connections are shared by all

WebLogic Server applications that need database access.

The expensive overhead associated with establishing a

connection is incurred only once for each connection in

the pool, instead of once per client request. WebLogic

Server monitors database connections, refreshing them as

needed and ensuring reliable database services for

applications.

WebLogic Enterprise Connectivity, which provides

access to BEA WebLogic EnterpriseTM systems, and

Jolt for WebLogic Server, which provides access to

BEA Tuxedo systems, also use connection pools to

enhance system performance.

Application Logic Layers

WebLogic Server implements J2EE component

technologies and services. J2EE component technologies

include servlets, JSP Pages, and Enterprise JavaBeans.

J2EE services include access to standard network

protocols, database systems, and messaging systems. To

build a WebLogic Server application, you must create

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and assemble components, using the service APIs when

necessary.

Components are executed in the WebLogic Server Webcontainer or EJB container. Containers provide the life

cycle support and services defined by the J2EE

specifications so that the components you build do not

have to handle underlying details.

JDBC

Java Database Connectivity (JDBC) provides access tobackend database resources. Java applications access

JDBC using a JDBC driver, which is a database vendor-

specific interface for a database server. Although any

Java application can load a vendor's JDBC driver,

connect to the database, and perform database operations,

WebLogic Server provides a significant performance

advantage by offering JDBC connection pools.A JDBC connection pool is a named group of JDBC

connections managed through WebLogic Server. At

startup time WebLogic Server opens JDBC connections

and adds them to the pool. When an application requires

a JDBC connection, it gets a connection from the pool,

uses it, and then returns it to the pool for use by for other

applications. Establishing a database connection is oftena time-consuming, resource-intensive operation, so a

connection pool, which limits the number of connection

operations, improves performance.

WebLogic Server also provides JDBC multipools for

achieving load balancing or high availability capabilities

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with database connections in single-server

configurations. Multipools are a "pool of pools" that

provide a configurable algorithm for choosing which poolto provide a connection for a given request. Currently,

WebLogic Server provides algorithms to support either

high availability or load balancing behavior for database

connections.

To register a connection pool in the JNDI naming tree,

define a DataSource object for it. Java client applications

can then get a connection from the pool by performing a

JNDI lookup on the DataSource name.

Server-side Java classes use the WebLogic JDBC pool

driver, which is a generic JDBC driver that calls through

to the vendor-specific JDBC driver. This mechanism

makes application code more portable, even if you

change the brand of database used in the backend tier.

The client-side JDBC driver is the WebLogic JDBC/RMIdriver, which is an RMI interface to the pool driver. Use

this driver the same way you use any standard JDBC

driver. When the JDBC/RMI driver is used, Java

programs can access JDBC in a manner consistent with

other WebLogic Server distributed objects, and they can

keep database data structures in the middle tier.

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ORACLE

The concept of a relational database is not new. It was

originally developed back in 1970 by Dr. E.F. Codd. He

laid down the theory of relational databases in his seminalpaper entitled A Relational Model of Data for Large

Shared Data Banks published in Communications of the

ACM(Association for Computing Machinery), Vol. 13, No.6, June 1970.

The basic concepts of a relational database are fairly easy

to understand. A relational database is a collection of

related information that has been organized into structuresknown as tables. Each table contains rows that are furtherorganized into columns. These tables are stored in the

database in structures known asschemas, which are areaswhere database users may store their tables. Each user may

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also choose to grant permissions to other users to access

their tables.

For a database accessed using a computer, the databasemanagement system is the software that manages the files

stored in the file system of the computer. The Oracle

database is one such piece of software; other examples

include SQL Server, DB2, and MySQL.

Of course, every database must have some way to get data

in and out of it, preferably using a common language

understood by all databases. Todays database management

systems implement a standard language known as

Structured Query Language, or SQL. Among other things,SQL allows you to retrieve, add, update, and delete

information in a database

Structured Query Language (SQL)

Structured Query Language (SQL) is the standard language

designed to access relational databases. SQL is pronounced

either as the word sequel or as the letters S-Q-L. (I

prefer sequel as its quicker to say.)

SQL is based on the groundbreaking work of Dr. E.F.

Codd, with the first implementation of SQL being

developed by IBM in the mid-1970s. IBM was conductinga research project known as System R, and SQL was born

from that project. Later in 1979, a company then known as

Relational Software Inc. (known today as Oracle

Corporation) released the first commercial version of SQL.

SQL is now fully standardized and recognized by the

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American National Standards Institute (ANSI). You can

use SQL to access an Oracle, SQL Server, DB2, or MySQL

database.SQL uses a simple syntax that is easy to learn and use.

Youll see some simple examples of its use in this chapter.

There are five types of SQL statements, outlined in the

following list:

Query statements Allow you to retrieve rows stored

in database tables. You write a query using the SQL

SELECT statement.

Data Manipulation Language (DML)statements Allow you to modify the contents of

tables. There are three DML statements:

o INSERT Allows you to add rows to a table.

o UPDATE Allows you to change a row.

o DELETE Allows you to remove rows.

o

Data Definition Language (DDL) statements Allow

you to define the data structures, such as tables, that

make up a database. There are five basic types of DDL

statements:

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o CREATE Allows you to create a database

structure. For example, CREATE TABLE is used

to create a table; another example is CREATEUSER, which is used to create a database user.

o ALTER Allows you to modify a database

structure. For example, ALTER TABLE is used

to modify a table.

o DROP Allows you to remove a database

structure. For example, DROP TABLE is used to

remove a table.

o RENAME Allows you to change the name of atable.

o TRUNCATE Allows you to delete the entire

contents of a table.

Transaction Control (TC) statements Allow you to

permanently record the changes made to the rowsstored in a table or undo those changes. There are

three TC statements:

o COMMIT Allows you to permanently record

changes made to rows.

o ROLLBACK Allows you to undo changesmade to rows.

o SAVEPOINT Allows you to set a savepoint

to which you can roll back changes made to rows.

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Data Control Language (DCL) statements Allow

you to change the permissions on database structures.

There are two DCL statements:

o GRANT Allows you to give another user access

to your database structures, such as tables.

o REVOKE Allows you to prevent another user

from accessing to your database structures, such

as tables.

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DATABASE DESIGN

1. cust account_no number(20),

type varchar(20),user_name varchar(25),

password varchar(20),

create_date varchar(20),

phone number(15),

mobile number(15),

email varchar(30),

address varchar(40),plan_name varchar(30)

2. Packagepackage_id number(10),name varchar(20),

connection varchar(20),

description varchar(500),

validity varchar(20),

available_service varchar(20)

charge number(10)

free number(10)

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3. Usageinfo account_no number(20),

start_time varchar(20),end_time varchar(20),

upload number(10),

download number(10)

4. Bill account_no number(20),

area varchar(20),

delivery_mode varchar(20),

bill_date varchar(20),

bill_no number(10),

amount number(20),

status varchar(20),

problem varchar(20)

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FORM DESIGN

This is the login page which will be displayed to everyoneincluding the administrator and employee. Whenever a custome

employee or administrator fills up the details like username and

password then the corresponding page displays up.

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HOME PAGE FOR CUSTOMER

When the customer signs in this page is displayed up showing

the customer information. On clicking the Customer Information onthe menu bar, again this page is displayed up where the customer can

see his details like username, account no., phone no., address, plan et

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On clicking the Billing Information tab on the menu bar, this

page is displayed up where the customer can see his bill details

like last bill amount, status of the bill, bill date etc.

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If the user wants to change his password then on clicking

Account Mgt tab, a customer can see this page where he

has to type his current password and in the new password textboxhe has to type the password with which he wants to replace his

current password.

On other page we get this type of output

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On clicking the Contact us on the menu bar, this page is displayed

up where the customer can see his details of the staff whom theyhave to contact in case they have problem in their account or some

detail has to be changed in the records.

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This is the page forUsage Information where customer will be

able to see how much internet usage he has done. The start date and

time along with end date and time is displayed. The amount of MBs

used in uploading the web pages and those used for downloading arealso displayed.

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Clicking Balance Information tells you how much MBs you have

used and how much free MBs the customer gets every month if it isin its package. The amount of MBs left in case he gets some free

MBs is displayed.

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Package Information tells the various packages available in

MTNL so that customer can have the ease to see the various

options provided to him.

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HOME PAGE FOR EMPLOYEE

An employee after signing in will see this page. He will have the

options to add new records of customers, delete existing records or do

some updations in the customers records. Apart from this the details

of employee is displayed on the page.

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This page is displayed whenever employee clicks on ADD tab.

Various information regarding the customer like name, address,

contact details etc. have to be filled and then click on the

corresponding button.

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On next page, we are shown whether the record is inserted or not.

This page is displayed whenever employee clicks on DELETE tab.

Customers Account number whose record has to be deleted should bentered and then click on the corresponding button.

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On the next page, we get the details of that account no. of the custome

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After that if the record is deleted then it is visible on next page

This page is displayed whenever employee clicks on UPDATE tab.

Customers Account number whose record has to be updated should

be entered and then click on the corresponding button. His informatio

is displayed on the next page. Updations are done and the button is

clicked.

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On the next page, we get the details of that account no. of the custome

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After that if the record is updated then it is visible on next page

If the employee wants to view the details of customers belonging to a

particular area then he clicks on the AREAWISE tab under ViewCustomer. Employee has to enter the area name and click on the butto

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On next page, customers having that area will be displayed


particular package/plan then he clicks on the PLANWISE tab under

View Customer. Employee has to enter the plan name and click on the

button.

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On next page,


particular bill no. then he clicks on the bill no. tab under View Bill.Employee has to enter the bill no. and click on the button.

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On next page, customer having that bill no. will be displayed


particular payment mode then he clicks on the Delivery mode tab

under View Bill. Employee has to enter the mode like cash or cheque

and click on the button.

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On next page, customer having that details of customers will be

displayed


particular group of bill amount then he clicks on the Amountwise tabunder View Bill. Employee has to click on the corresponding button

for which he has to see the details of the customers.

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On next page, customer details will be displayed

If the employee wants to view the details of customers whose last bill

disputed or undisputed then he clicks on the Status tabunder View Bill. Employee has to enter the corresponding text whethe

bill is disputed or undisputed and click on the button.

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On next page, customer details will be displayed

HOME PAGE FOR ADMINISTRATOR

This page displays up when administrator signs in. His details are

shown on this page. He has the option to add, delete or update record

of employees apart from having all the privileges which a employee

gets like adding, deleting, updating records of customers and other

view options.

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This page is displayed whenever the administrator clicks on ADD andthen on employee tab. Various information regarding the employee

like name, address, contact details etc. have to be filled and then click

on the corresponding button.

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On the next page, we get the result whether the record is inserted or no

This page is displayed whenever administrator clicks on DELETE an

then on Employee tab. Employees Account number whose record ha

to be deleted should be entered and then click on the corresponding

button.

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On the next page, we get the details of that account no. of the employe

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After that if the record is deleted then it is visible on next page

This page is displayed whenever Administrator clicks on UPDATE

and then on Employee tab. Employees Account number whose

record has to be updated should be entered and then click on the

corresponding button. His information is displayed on the next page.

Updations are done and the button is clicked.

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On the next page, we get the details of that account no. of the employe

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After that if the record is updated then it is visible on next page

This page is displayed whenever Administrator clicks on VIEW

EMPLOYEE. Details of all the employees can be seen here.

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CODING

LOGIN PAGE

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(JSP PAGE)

Welcome to Mahanagar Telephone Nigam Limited

Welcome to MTNL Broadband Services

USER NAME

PASSWORD:

Customers are advised to change the password from security perspective. For Triband the password

should be changed at two places in a specific order. For detailed procedure refer Triband User's Guide.You may also dial 1504 and obtain online help.

In Case of difficulties or suggestions please contact: MTNL Delhi Office,

Ph. : 22221504/1504 OR Email: [email protected]

Copyright (c) 2004, Mahanagar Telephone Nigam Limited. All Rights Reserved

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Best Viewed with Internet Explorer 5.5 or above and Netscape(4.7 & 7.1 versions) in 1024 X 800

resolution

SERVLET FILE FOR LOGIN PAGE

package pack;

import java.io.*;

import java.sql.*;import javax.servlet.*;

import javax.servlet.http.*;

public class log extends HttpServlet

{

public void doPost(HttpServletRequest rq, HttpServletResponse rs)throws IOException,ServletExcepti{

PrintWriter pw=rs.getWriter();

Connection con;

String us,pd,tp;try

{

Class.forName("sun.jdbc.odbc.JdbcOdbcDriver");con=DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:odbc:mydsn","scott","tiger");

Statement st=con.createStatement();us=rq.getParameter("c1");

pd=rq.getParameter("c2");

ResultSet rst=st.executeQuery("select * from cust where (user_name='"+us+"' and

password='"+pd+"')");

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if(rst.next())

{

int a=rst.getInt(1);

String type=(rst.getString(2)).trim();System.out.println(type);

System.out.println(type.equals("admin"));

if(type.equals("admin"))rs.sendRedirect("admin.jsp?ii="+a);

else if(type.equals("emp"))

rs.sendRedirect("emp.jsp?jj="+a);else

rs.sendRedirect("one.jsp?kk="+a);

}else

pw.println("Record doesnot exist");

}catch(Exception e)

{

System.out.println("OUT");}

}

}

USAGEWISE INFORMATION


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pk.println("Home");

con.close();

}

catch(Exception e){

System.out.println("Error in connection");

}

%>


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PrintWriter pb=response.getWriter();

try{ Class.forName("sun.jdbc.odbc.JdbcOdbcDriver");

Connection con=DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:odbc:mydsn","scott","tiger");

Statement st=con.createStatement();

int pp=Integer.parseInt(request.getParameter("ui"));

System.out.println(pp);

pb.println("Billing Info");

con.close();

}

catch(Exception e){

System.out.println("Error in connection");

}%>

Account Mgt

Package Info

Contact us

Logout

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System.out.println(p);

pu.println("usage Info");

con.close();

}catch(Exception e)

{

System.out.println("Error in connection");}

%>

Usage Information


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pw.println(""+a+""+start+""+end+""+up+""+down+"");

}

con.close();

}catch(Exception e)

{


%>

ACCOUNT MANAGEMENT

package pack;

import java.io.*;



public class account extends HttpServlet{

public void doPost(HttpServletRequest rq, HttpServletResponse rs)throws IOException,ServletExcepti

{PrintWriter pw=rs.getWriter();

Connection con;

int oldp,newp,r=0;try

{

Class.forName("sun.jdbc.odbc.JdbcOdbcDriver");

con=DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:odbc:mydsn","scott","tiger");


oldp=Integer.parseInt(rq.getParameter("t1"));

ResultSet rst=st.executeQuery("select password from cust where password="+oldp);

newp=Integer.parseInt(rq.getParameter("t2"));

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if(rst.next()){

r=st.executeUpdate("update cust set password="+newp+"where password="+oldp);

System.out.println(r);

}if(r!=0)

pw.println("password updated");

elsepw.println("mismatch password");

}

catch(Exception e){

System.out.println(e);

}}

}

Package Information

MTNL BROADBAND

Package Information


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while(rst.next()){


String name=rst.getString(2);

String conn=rst.getString(3);String desc=rst.getString(4);

String val=rst.getString(5);

String service=rst.getString(6);

pw.println(""+a+""+name+""+conn+""

+desc+""+val+""+service+"");

}

}

catch(Exception e){


%>

BALANCE INFORMATION

MTNL BROADBAND

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Balance Information


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{System.out.println("Error in connection");

}

%>

BILLING INFORMATION

MTNL BROADBAND

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}

catch(Exception e)

{


%>

Account Mgt

Package Info

Contact us

Logout

Balance Info


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pu.println("usage Info");

con.close();

}

catch(Exception e)


}

%>

Billing Information


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String amt=rst.getString(6);String status=rst.getString(7);

String prob=rst.getString(8);

pw.println("Accountno"+a+"Area"+area+"

Delivery mode"+deli+"Bill

Date"+date+"Billno"+bill+"Amount"+amt+"

Status"+status+"Problem"+prob+"");

}con.close();

}

catch(Exception e){


%>

INSERTION

package pack;

import java.io.*;



public class add extends HttpServlet

{

public void doPost(HttpServletRequest rq, HttpServletResponse rs)throws IOException,ServletException

{

PrintWriter pw=rs.getWriter();Connection con;

String str,type,name,pass,date,email,address,plan;

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int acc;

long p,mob;

try

{Class.forName("sun.jdbc.odbc.JdbcOdbcDriver");



acc=Integer.parseInt(rq.getParameter("tex1"));

type=rq.getParameter("tex2");name=rq.getParameter("tex3");

pass=rq.getParameter("tex4");

date=rq.getParameter("tex5");p=Long.parseLong(rq.getParameter("tex6"));

mob=Long.parseLong(rq.getParameter("tex7"));email=rq.getParameter("tex8");

address=rq.getParameter("tex9");plan=rq.getParameter("tex10");

str="insert into cust values("+acc+",'"+type+"','"+name+"','"+pass+"','"+date+"',"+p+","+

mob+",'"+email+"','"

+address+"','"+plan+"')";int rst=st.executeUpdate(str);

System.out.println(rst);

if(rst>=1)pw.println("Record Inserted");

else

pw.println("Record is not Inserted");

}catch(Exception e)

{

System.out.println("OUT");

}

}

}

HOMEPAGE FOR ADMINISTRATOR

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MTNL BROADBAND

ADD

CUST

EMPLOYEE

UPDATE

CUSTEMPLOYEE

DELETE

CUSTEMPLOYEE

VIEW USER

AREAWISEPLANWISE

VIEW BILL

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BILL NO

DELIVERY MODEAMOUNT WISE

DISPUTED/UNDISPUTED

VIEW EMPLOYEE

DEPARTMENTWISE

Admin Details


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pw.println("Account no"+a+"username"+user+"Creation

Date"+date+"Phone"+phone+"=1)

pw.println("Record deleted");else

pw.println("Record is not deleted");

}catch(Exception e)

{


}

}

UPDATION

package pack;

import java.io.*;

import java.sql.*;

import javax.servlet.*;import javax.servlet.http.*;

public class update1 extends HttpServlet{

public void doPost(HttpServletRequest rq, HttpServletResponse rs)throws IOException,ServletExc

{


int acc;

String type,name,pass,date,email,address,plan;long p,mob;

try

{

Class.forName("sun.jdbc.odbc.JdbcOdbcDriver");con=DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:odbc:mydsn","scott","tiger");

Statement st=con.createStatement();acc=Integer.parseInt(rq.getParameter("tex11"));

ResultSet rst=st.executeQuery("select * from cust where account_no="+acc);

if(rst.next()){

acc=rst.getInt(1);

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type=rst.getString(2);name=rst.getString(3);

pass=rst.getString(4);

date=rst.getString(5);

p=rst.getLong(6);mob=rst.getLong(7);

email=rst.getString(8);

address=rst.getString(9);plan=rst.getString(10);

pw.println("");

pw.println("");

pw.println("Account no");pw.println("Type");

pw.println("User name");pw.println("Password");

pw.println("Date");

pw.println("Phone");

pw.println("Mobile");pw.println("Email");

pw.println("Address");

pw.println("Plan name");

pw.println("
");

pw.println("");

}

elsepw.println("Record not found");

}

catch(Exception e){


}

}}

DISPLAY OF RECORD TO BE UPDATED

package pack;

Page | 102


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import java.io.*;import java.sql.*;

import javax.servlet.*;


public class update2 extends HttpServlet

{

public void doPost(HttpServletRequest rq, HttpServletResponse rs)throws IOException,ServletExc{

PrintWriter pw=rs.getWriter();

Connection con;String str,type,name,pass,date,emai,addr,plan;

int acc;

long p,mob;try

{Class.forName("sun.jdbc.odbc.JdbcOdbcDriver");

con=DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:odbc:mydsn","scott","tiger");Statement st=con.createStatement();

acc=Integer.parseInt(rq.getParameter("tt1"));type=rq.getParameter("tt2");

name=rq.getParameter("tt3");

pass=rq.getParameter("tt4");date=rq.getParameter("tt5");

p=Long.parseLong(rq.getParameter("tt6"));

mob=Long.parseLong(rq.getParameter("tt7"));emai=rq.getParameter("tt8");

addr=rq.getParameter("tt9");

plan=rq.getParameter("tt10");

str="update cust set account_no="+acc+",type='"+type+"',user_name='"+

name+"',password='"+pass+"',create_date='"+date+"',phone="+p+",mobile="+mob+",email='"+emai"',address='"+addr+"',plan_name='"+plan+"' where(account_no="+acc+")";

int rst=st.executeUpdate(str);

System.out.println(rst);

if(rst>=1)

pw.println("Record Updated");else

pw.println("Record is not updated");

}catch(Exception e)

{System.out.println("chunny");

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}

}

PAYMENT MODE WISE CUSTOMERS

package pack;

import java.io.*;

import java.sql.*;

import javax.servlet.*;import javax.servlet.http.*;

public class delm extends HttpServlet

{

public void doPost(HttpServletRequest rq, HttpServletResponse rs)throws IOException,ServletException

{


String dr;

try{

Class.forName("sun.jdbc.odbc.JdbcOdbcDriver");



dr=rq.getParameter("tt1");

ResultSet rst=st.executeQuery("select account_no from bill where delivery_mode='"+dr+"'");

pw.println("");

pw.println("");while(rst.next())

{

int accno=rst.getInt(1);

ResultSet rest=st.executeQuery("select * from cust where account_no="+accno);

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while(rest.next()){

String type =rest.getString(2);

String name=rest.getString(3);

String pass=rest.getString(4);String date=rest.getString(5);

long p =rest.getLong(6);

long mob=rest.getLong(7);String emai=rest.getString(8);

String addr=rest.getString(9);

String plan=rest.getString(10);

pw.println(""+accno+""+type+""+name+""+pass+""+date+""+p+""+mob+""+emai+""

+addr+""+plan+"");}

}pw.println("");

}

catch(Exception e){


}}

}

HOMEPAGE FOR EMPLOYEE

MTNL BROADBAND

ADD

UPDATE

DELETE

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VIEW USER

AREAWISE

PLANWISE

VIEW BILL

BILL NO

DELIVERY MODEAMOUNT WISE

DISPUTED/UNDISPUTED

Employee Details


107/117

String user=rst.getString(3);String date=rst.getString(5);

String phone=rst.getString(6);

String mobile=rst.getString(7);

String email=rst.getString(8);String address=rst.getString(9);

String plan=rst.getString(10);

pw.println("Account no"+a+"user

name"+user+"Creation

Date"+date+"Phone"+phone+"Mobile"+mobile+"Email"+email+"

Address"+address+"Plan"+plan+"");

}con.close();

}catch(Exception e)


}

%>

EMPLOYEE INFORMATION

MTNL BROADBAND

Employee Information


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ResultSet rst;

pw.println(""+"Account no"+""+"Type"+""+"User name"+"""Password"+""+"Create Date"+""+"Phone"+""+

"Mobile"+""+"Email"+""+"Address"+""+"Plan name"+"");

rst=st.executeQuery("select * from cust where type='emp'");

while(rst.next()){


String type=rst.getString(2);String user=rst.getString(3);

String pass=rst.getString(4);String date=rst.getString(5);

long p=rst.getLong(6);long mob=rst.getLong(7);

String email=rst.getString(8);

String address=rst.getString(9);String plan=rst.getString(10);

pw.println(""+a+""+type+""+user+""

+pass+""+date+""+p+""+mob+""+email+""+address+""+plan+"");

}}

catch(Exception e)

{


%>

TESTING

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No program or system is ever perfect; communication between userand designer is not always complete or clear and time is usually

short. The result is errors. The errors must be eliminated before the

system is ready for user acceptance. The main objective of testing i

to systematically uncover as many errors as possible. The most

severe defect of a software is one which can cause the program to

fail to meet its requirements (from a costumers point of view). A

good test is one, which is not redundant, and it is neither too simple

nor too complex.

Software testing accounts for a largest percentage of technical effor

in software process. Testing is a set of activities that can be planned

in advance and conducted systematically.

For this purpose template for software testing, i.e., a set of steps int

which specific test case design techniques and testing methods can

be placed should be defined for software process.

Testing- the process of exercising software to verify that it

satisfies specified requirements and to detect faults; the

measurement of software quality. Where the actualbehaviour of the system is different from the expected

behaviour, a failure is considered to have occurred.

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A failure is the result of a fault. A fault is an error in the

programming or specification that may or may not result in

a failure. A failure is the manifestation of fault.

The principal aim of testing is to detect faults so that they

can be removed before the product is made available to

customers. Faults in software are made for a variety of

reasons, from misinterpreting the requirements through to

simple typing mistakes. It is the role of software testing and

quality assurance, to reduce those faults by identifying the

failures.

Some of the testing are:

System Testing

System Testing is often the term given to group all types of

testing that are performed against the system as a whole. So

generally everything except for unit and integration testing.

Unit Testing

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The most micro scale of testing; to test particular

functions or code modules. Typically done by the

programmer and not by testers, as it requires detailedknowledge of the internal program design and code. Not

always easily done unless the application has a well-

designed architecture with tight code; may require

developing test driver modules or test harnesses.

Usability Testing

Testing - testing for user-friendliness. Clearly this is

subjective, and will depend on the targeted end-user or

customer. User interviews, surveys, video recording of user

sessions, and other techniques can be used. Programmers

and testers are usually not appropriate as usability testers.

Conformance Testing

Verifying implementation conformance to industry

standards. Producing tests for the behavior of an

implementation to be sure it provides the portability,

interoperability, and/or compatibility a standard defines.

Functional Testing

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Functional Testing the process of testing a system to verify

that it meets the functional requirements.

Integration Testing - Component

Also referred to as Integration Testing in the Small.

The testing of joined components of a system to determine

if they function correctly together. Components in this

sense are modules or units of code within the same system.

An example may be the integration of a shopping basket

component with a web component. Component IntegrationTesting is likely to focus on the two components operating

correctly as a single solution.

User Aceptance Testing

User Acceptance Testing is the final stage of validation; it

usually occurs just prior to the final sign off and is

generally performed by users, not technical staff. The isprocess of verifying that the system under test (SUT) meets

the customers/users needs and focuses on building

confidence in the system, using business related scenarios.

When at all possible, the customer should perform, or be

closely involved during, this stage of testing. The customer

should use the product in a realistic way in an environment

similar to the operation environment, carrying out realisticbusiness processes.

MAINTENANCE

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There are two goals of Maintenance in SDLC: Increase theability of the software and avoidance of failures.

Better Adaptability of the Software SDLCs idea of

maintenance is very beneficial not only to the developers

but also for the software itself. With the use of available

data, developers will learn something new. In thisaccount, they will be able to apply this knowledge to the

software.

Although any developer would not wish for a problem, it

poses a great opportunity to learn more about the industry

and release updates to combat problems once and for all.

The end result of constant updates will be a better software

that can adapt to the changing environment. When a

business spends thousands of dollars on project

development, they expect more from the software.

Maintenance will ensure that the software will last for a

very long time.

Avoidance of Failures Maintenance does not only ensure

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prevent the same event from happening again. Software

will always have that learning property as long as they

are handled well by the developers. Developers will oftenwork on the problem and at the same time give updates on

the system to prevent failures. It is essential for developers

to release updates especially if the software is an important

part of the business.

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CONCLUSION

This project is designed to meet the requirements of a

Telecom Company. It has been developed in Java and the

database has been built in Oracle 9i with Weblogic as

server, keeping in mind the specifications of the system.

For designing the system we have used simple servlet and

jsp files.

Overall the project teaches us the essential skills like:

1. Using system analysis and design techniques.

2. Understanding programming logic in Html coding.

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FUTURE PROSPECTS

This project can be enhanced by giving SMS and

email facilities to customers whenever his bill is

ready.

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BIBLIOGRAPHY

1. Java 2 Complete Reference

(Herbert Schildt)

3. Oracle Database 9i

(Jason Price)

website for mtnl

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