webserver management in e-learning

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IntroductionHistory

Case Study: ApacheDemonstration

ReferencesOpen Discussion

Web Server Administration

Sukant [email protected]

Advanced Centre for Informatics & Innovative LearningIndira Gandhi National Open University, New Delhi

September 09, 2010

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCo mmer cial -Shar eA like 3 .0 Licens e .

Sukant Kole [email protected] PGDEL-MDEI004: Technologies for E-Learning

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IntroductionHistory



What is a Web Server?

Denition“...A web server is a computer program that serves content, suchas web pages, using the Hypertext Transfer Protocol, over theWorld Wide Web...”(Source: Wikipedia)


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IntroductionHistory



Events ChronologyFirst Web server

A bit of history 1

1987: Larry Wall creates a programming language calledPERL widely used later for website applications


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IntroductionHistory




A bit of history 1


1989: Tim Berners Lee & Robert Calliliau proposed WorldWide Web based on ENQUIRE


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IntroductionHistory




A bit of history 1


1989: Tim Berners Lee & Robert Calliliau proposed WorldWide Web based on ENQUIRE1991: Paul Kunz installs rst web server in US at StanfordUniversity


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IntroductionHistory




A bit of history 1


1989: Tim Berners Lee & Robert Calliliau proposed WorldWide Web based on ENQUIRE1991: Paul Kunz installs rst web server in US at StanfordUniversity1993: Marc Andressen developed Mosaic as rst graphicalweb browser


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IntroductionHistory




A bit of history 1


1989: Tim Berners Lee & Robert Calliliau proposed WorldWide Web based on ENQUIRE1991: Paul Kunz installs rst web server in US at StanfordUniversity1993: Marc Andressen developed Mosaic as rst graphicalweb browser1995: Robert McCool & Eric Bina developed NCSA HTTPd


Introduction

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IntroductionHistory




A bit of history 1


1989: Tim Berners Lee & Robert Calliliau proposed WorldWide Web based on ENQUIRE1991: Paul Kunz installs rst web server in US at StanfordUniversity1993: Marc Andressen developed Mosaic as rst graphicalweb browser1995: Robert McCool & Eric Bina developed NCSA HTTPd1995: Apache webserver project commenced


Introduction

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IntroductionHistory




Figure: First World Wide Web Server at CERN (Courtesy:Wikipedia)


Introduction Statistics

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IntroductionHistory



StatisticsInstallationFeaturesConguration DetailsSecurityPerformance Tuning



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IntroductionHistory



StatisticsInstallationFeaturesConguration DetailsSecurityPerformance Tuning

Why Study Apache

Figure: Netcraft Web Server Survey-May 2010



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HistoryCase Study: Apache

DemonstrationReferences

Open Discussion

InstallationFeaturesConguration DetailsSecurityPerformance Tuning

How to install Apache

In Ubuntu GNU/Linux:

sudo apt-get install apache2 [from Terminal]ORSystem-->Administration-->Synaptic Package Manager

In Windows:

Follow the steps given at the following website:http://tinyurl.com/2rac4s



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Open Discussion


Apache features

Web publishing of static and dynamic content



http://www.ehow.com/how_5458655_set-up-reverse-proxy-apache.html

http://www.ehow.com/how_5458572_use-apache-proxy.html

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_hosting

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Apache features

Web publishing of static and dynamic contentSecure web interaction


Introduction Statisticsll




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Apache features

Web publishing of static and dynamic contentSecure web interactionVirtual Hosting [More about Virtual Hosting]


IntroductionHi t

StatisticsI t ll ti





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Apache features

Web publishing of static and dynamic contentSecure web interactionVirtual Hosting [More about Virtual Hosting]Proxy Server [Apache:As forward proxy server]


IntroductionHistory

StatisticsInstallation






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Apache features

Web publishing of static and dynamic contentSecure web interactionVirtual Hosting [More about Virtual Hosting]Proxy Server [Apache:As forward proxy server]

Reverse Proxy Server [Apache:As reverse proxy server]


IntroductionHistory








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Apache congurations details

Global Conguration Settings


IntroductionHistory


http://tinyurl.com/djnge

http://tinyurl.com/nn926

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Global Conguration SettingsMaximum and minimum numbers of servers to start


IntroductionHistory




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Global Conguration SettingsMaximum and minimum numbers of servers to startServer root directory


IntroductionHistory




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yCase Study: Apache


Open Discussion

FeaturesConguration DetailsSecurityPerformance Tuning


Global Conguration SettingsMaximum and minimum numbers of servers to startServer root directoryPort settings for server


IntroductionHistory




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yCase Study: Apache


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Main server conguration settings




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Main server conguration settingsServerAdmin DirectiveDocumentRoot Directive


IntroductionHistory

C S d A h

StatisticsInstallationF



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Port settings for serverMain server conguration settings

ServerAdmin DirectiveDocumentRoot DirectivePort Conguration


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C St d A h

StatisticsInstallationF t



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Virtual Hosts


IntroductionHistory

Case Study: Apache

StatisticsInstallationFeatures



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Virtual HostsIP based [Click to know more]


IntroductionHistory

Case Study: Apache





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Virtual HostsIP based [Click to know more]Name based [Click to know more]


IntroductionHistory

Case Study: Apache






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Apache Security

Reference: [Apache Securing Tips]Keep up to datePermissions on ServerRoot directoriesServer Side IncludesProtecting System SettingsPrevent Directory traversalContinous monitoring of access & error logs


IntroductionHistory

Case Study: Apache


http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.0/misc/security_tips.html

http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.0/misc/security_tips.html

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Case Study: pac eDemonstration


eatu esConguration DetailsSecurityPerformance Tuning

Apache Performance Tuning

Reference: [Apache Performance Tuning Web resource]Hardware and Operating System Issues [RAM, Swap space,

CPU, Stable OS version]


IntroductionHistoryCase Study: Apache


http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.0/misc/perf-tuning.html


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y pDemonstration


Conguration DetailsSecurityPerformance Tuning



CPU, Stable OS version]Hostname lookups and DNS [Postprocessing of logs indedicated syslog servers]






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CPU, Stable OS version]Hostname lookups and DNS [Postprocessing of logs indedicated syslog servers]Sendle kernel support [Static content faster with lower CPUutilization]






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CPU, Stable OS version]Hostname lookups and DNS [Postprocessing of logs indedicated syslog servers]Sendle kernel support [Static content faster with lower CPUutilization]Process Creation [Worker(Scalabilty), Prefork(Stability,Compatibility)]



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Figure: MPM-Worker module: Apache



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Sample demonstrations

1 How to publish HTML pages [Reference Web Resource: Viewanswer by Tipo]



Demonstration

http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=347248


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http://tinyurl.com/2vaub2v

http://tinyurl.com/368mtls

http://tinyurl.com/acvckt




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2 How to change the default port number [Reference WebResource]



Demonstration












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3 How to allow simple user authentication [Click for Screencast]



Demonstration













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3 How to allow simple user authentication [Click for Screencast]4 How to enable virtual hosting [Click for Screencast]



Demonstration














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3 How to allow simple user authentication [Click for Screencast]4 How to enable virtual hosting [Click for Screencast]5 How to enable SSL support encrypting web-transaction

[Reference Web resource: SSL support for Apache]



Demonstration















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References

Elective Course by Hamish Whittal & Mathew West, TheShuttleworth FoundationApache HTTP Server Documentation



Demonstration

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webserver management in e-learning

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