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TRANSCRIPT
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Road To Resilience:
Stormwater Planning
Webinar Date
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How to Participate
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About the National Association of Counties
• advances issues before the federal government;
• improves understanding of county government;
• assists counties in finding and sharing innovative solutions
• provides value-added services to save counties money.
For more information visit NACo's new Website: www.naco.org.
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Question & Answer Session Instructions
• Type your question into the questions box at any
time during the presentation, and the moderator
will read the question on your behalf during the
Q&A session.
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Partners
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NOAA Digital Coast Fellow
Moderator: Alyssum Pohl
Alyssum has a background in marine
conservation, and is delighted to be spending 2
years at NACo, helping counties implement GIS
and other digital tools to help with their issues
related to coastal resiliency.
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Agenda:
• Problems associated with stormwater: linking land cover to
water quality
• Strategies to deal with stormwater issues
• Building a network: collaborating with others to deal with
stormwater issues
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The Problem with
Stormwater
Jesse Schomberg
Strategies to deal with
stormwater
Martin Jaffe
Collaborating with
others on stormwater
issues
Patekka Bannister
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Jesse Schomberg
University of Minnesota
Sea Grant Program
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14 Oregon Creek Watershed
Watersheds!
15 Unit 1: Hydrology
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Removing Forest
Cover Removing Storage
Adding Impervious Surfaces
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Impervious Surfaces • Inhibit recharge
of groundwater
• Prevent natural
processing of
pollutants in soil
and plants
• Surface for
accumulation of
pollutants
• Express route
for pollutants to
waterways
Photos Courtesy of Erik Larson, UM Duluth
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Development Impacts
on the Water Cycle
10% 20%
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Altered runoff patterns
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What’s in this
stuff?
Thermal Stress
Debris
Toxic
Contaminants
Pathogens
Sediment
Nutrients
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Adapted From: Wisconsin DNR
4x
18x
5x 6x
Phosphorus Inputs
Runoff Volume
Sediment Inputs
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Non-Point Pollution:
#1 Water Quality
Problem in the US* *US EPA
• Clean Water Act
– MS4’s
– NPDES Stormwater
Permits
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Land Use Tipping Points
Development:
3-10%
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How can we prevent these problems?
• Planning
– Natural Resource Inventory
– Watershed Plans
• Policies
– Conservation Design
– Low Impact Development
– Infill/Redevelopment
• Best Management Practices
– Pervious Pavement
– Rain Gardens
German Association of Cities
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Resources • National NEMO Network http://nemonet.uconn.edu/
– Extension/Education Programs in 30 states
– Provide resources, education, programming focused on helping
communities address water quality issues
• EPA Watersheds Home Page
http://water.epa.gov/type/watersheds/
– Maps, impairments, funding sources, tools, and other
resources
• Tipping Point Planner – COMING SOON TO GREAT LAKES
STATES
– Assess individual watersheds, evaluate change over time,
identify specific land use tipping points, use community
priorities to develop action plan
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Urban Stormwater Management Strategies
Martin Jaffe, Associate Professor, University of
Illinois at Chicago & Illinois-Indiana Sea Grant
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Evaluating Urban Stormwater Practices
• Section 15 of the 2009 Illinois Green Infra-
structure for Clean Water Act (PA 96-26) mandated
that IEPA study the effectiveness and feasibility of
green infrastructure practices and report its
findings to the General Assembly
• I was part of a team that prepared the study for
Illinois EPA: Jaffe et al. (2010) Using Green
Infrastructure to Manage Stormwater Quality: A
Review of Selected Practices and State Programs
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Stormwater Management
Strategies Studied • Grey infrastructure = engineering of conventional separate stormwater sewer systems and detention basins to reduce stormwater volume and release rates to waterways and sewer systems
• Green infrastructure = on-site use of natural processes to reduce stormwater volume and release rates, and to reduce pollutant loading to waterways and sewer systems. Includes:
– Infiltration (rain gardens and bio-swales)
– Green roofs
– Buffer strips
– Permeable paving
– Constructed wetlands
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Examples of Permeable Paving
and Bio-swales
Source: IEPA Study (2010)
Source: IEPA Study (2010)
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Some Important Points
• Both the grey and green infrastructure practices
studied employ engineered facilities – both need to
be designed, constructed and sized to handle a
design storm event
• Both infrastructure practices will require periodic
maintenance (by stormwater utility or HOA, e.g.)
to maintain their designed performance
• Green infrastructure may be most effective when
used synergistically with grey - green infrastructure
can be used to expand existing sewer capacity,
when used to supplement, rather than supplant,
grey infrastructure investments
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Effectiveness of Green Infrastructure in
Reducing Runoff Flow and Volume
Source: IEPA Study (2010)
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Effectiveness of Green Infrastructure in
Reducing Total Nitrogen
Source: IEPA Study (2010)
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Effectiveness of Green Infrastructure in
Removing Total Suspended Solids
Source: IEPA Study (2010)
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Some General Operational Conclusions
• Green infrastructure practices are effective in reducing stormwater runoff volume and flow rates
• Although possessing greater performance variability than conventional detention, green infrastructure can be about as, if not more, effective than grey in removing TN and TSS
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Economics of Green Infrastructure
• Using CNT’s Green Values Calculator©, the IEPA
study examined the comparative cost-effectiveness
of green vs. grey infrastructure, using three
development scenarios
• Green Infrastructure construction costs were 4%
less for an urban commercial building, 23% less for
an urban townhouse project and 31% less for a
suburban residential development
• Green Infrastructure life-cycle savings were 20%
for the retail, 29% less for the townhouse and 24%
for the suburban residential subdivision
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Some General Economic Conclusions
• The IEPA study modeled the comparative cost-effectiveness of green infrastructure practices, and not an identification and comparison of their benefits and costs
• If green infrastructure practices offer comparable performance as conventional collection and detention practices, but at less cost, then the use of these BMPs should be justified on cost-effectiveness alone
• The modeling examined the comparative costs of green infrastructure BMPs that were integrated into the design of new development projects -- these calculations will probably change if green infra-structure is retrofitted into existing development
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Some Other (Unaddressed) Strategies
• Rain barrels and cisterns – disconnect down-
spouts to capture and reuse precipitation, thus
diverting some of it from stormwater runoff
– Water is very (too?) cheap in most places to
justify expense of grey-water use
– Inadequate storage capacity in most cases
• On-street Storage – install restrictors in storm
sewer grates and berm intersections, using flooded
street for interim storage (works, but is unpopular
with residents)
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Building A Collaborative Network
Patekka Pope Bannister
City of Toledo
Division of Environmental Services
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Stormwater BMPs
The menu of stormwater
BMPs are not just
structural.
Six minimum control
measures.
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Stormwater BMPs
BMPs include a multitude of
audiences.
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Building A Network-Start Local
Examples:
• Local Schools
• Churches
• Regional Government
Partnerships
– City/County
• Council of Governments
• Community/neighborhood
groups
• Civic Organizations
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Building A Network: Branch Out
Examples:
• State Agencies
• Federal Agencies
• Universities
– Local
– Focused Experts
• Non-Profits
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Rain Garden Initiative
Toledo-Lucas Country
http://www.raingardeninitiative.org/
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Green Infrastructure Projects
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University of
Michigan-GLAA-C
Integrated Assessment
Develop climate adaptation strategies, programs, and plans.
Develop summaries of the observed historical climate.
Development of useful tools.
Technical assistance from faculty, staff, and students.
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Economic Impacts of Flooding Study
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)
Coastal Services Center (CSC)
An economic study examining green infrastructure options for
reducing flooding from extreme rainfall events
Using both current and future precipitation and land use
scenarios
CSC conducted a pilot project in 2010 in Green Bay,
Wisconsin
Great Lake Restoration Initiative (GLRI) has funded two
additional pilot projects – Toledo, OH and Duluth, Minnesota
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Resources
http://www.ohioswa.com/resources/
GLAA-C Website Graham.umich.edu/glaac
www.raingardeninitiative.org
http://changingclimate.osu.edu/webinars/archives/2013-05-21/
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Ohio Stormwater Conference
2014 Ohio Stormwater Conference
June 4-6, 2014
John S. Knight Convention Center
Akron, Ohio
www.ohiostormcon.com.
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Recap:
• How we use the land in our communities directly affects
our water quality
• Green infrastructure is generally just about as efficient --
and usually more cost-effective -- than conventional
infrastructure in managing urban stormwater runoff.
• Utilize existing local resources to start building your
network. Also, look at common goals that you both can
reach.
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Please let me know if you would like to see
NACo host a webinar on a specific
coastal resiliency topic.
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New NACo Publications
Resources for Coastal
Counties page
http://www.naco.org/programs/csd/Pages/CoastalCounties.aspx
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New NACo Publications
Community and Economic Development Resources page http://www.naco.org/programs/csd/Pages/Economic%20Development%20Resources.aspx
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NERRs Science Collective
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Resources • Digital Coast www.csc.noaa.gov/digitalcoast
• This webinar will be posted http://www.naco.org/programs/csd/Pages/CoastalCounties.aspx
• New NACo Publications http://www.naco.org/programs/csd/Pages/CoastalCounties.aspx
http://www.naco.org/newsroom/pubs/Documents/Strategies%20to%20Bolster%20Economic%20Resilienc
e.pdf
• NERRS Science Collaborative http://www.crwp.org/index.php/projects/research-projects/nerrs-
science-collaborative
• National NEMO Network http://nemonet.uconn.edu/
• EPA Watersheds Home Page http://water.epa.gov/type/watersheds/
• Tipping Point Planner – COMING SOON TO GREAT LAKES STATES
• Maumee River Watershed Project http://www.wgte.org/wgte/watch/index.asp?page_id=739
• Great Lakes Adaptation Assessment for Cities http://graham.umich.edu/glaac/great-lakes-atlas
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Contact Info for Today’s Speakers
• Jesse Schomberg
• Marty Jaffe
• Patekka Bannister
• Alyssum Pohl