webcast sponsored by epa’s watershed academy
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Webcast Sponsored By EPA’s Watershed Academy. Managing Nutrients in Your Backyard and Your Community. March 19, 2008. Steve Potts, USEPA Ondine Wells, Florida Yards and Neighborhoods Mona Menezes, City of Columbia, Missouri. 1. Topics for Today’s Webcast. Nutrient Impacts in Your Watershed - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Webcast Sponsored By EPA’s Watershed Academy
Managing Nutrients in Your Backyard and Your
Community
Steve Potts, USEPASteve Potts, USEPAOndine Wells, Florida Yards and Neighborhoods Ondine Wells, Florida Yards and Neighborhoods
Mona Menezes, City of Columbia, MissouriMona Menezes, City of Columbia, Missouri
March 19, 2008March 19, 2008
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Topics for Today’s Webcast
•Nutrient Impacts in Your Watershed
•Florida-Friendly Landscaping
•Show-Me Yards and Neighborhoods
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Nutrient Pollution in Your Watershed: What It Is, and Steps To Reduce It
Presented bySteve Potts,U.S. EPAOffice of WaterOffice of Science and Technology
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“Nutrient Pollution”also known asNitrogen and Phosphorus Pollution
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Watershed
• A watershed is an area of land where all of the water drains into a common body of water. Watersheds are also referred to as “drainage basins.”
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Water runs off the land, carrying fertilizer, dirt, pet waste and many other pollutants with it directly into the
waterway.
The path water takes as it flows downhill impacts water quality.
Developed Area
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The path water takes as it flows downhill impacts water quality.
Water percolates through the ground slowly.
Undeveloped Area
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Nitrogen and Phosphorus 101
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What are Nutrients?
• Nutrients are elements, like nitrogen and phosphorus, that occur naturally in water, soil, and air
• Sources of nutrients
Decaying plant matter
Animal and human wastes (pet waste, septic tanks, Waste Water Treatment Plants)
Detergents
Fertilizer (residential, commercial, and agricultural)
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Nitrogen• Highly soluble in its
common compound form, nitrate.
• Easily washed from the soil by rain or irrigation.
• Leached from the soil or absorbed by plants within weeks of application.
• Stimulates shoot growth in plants.
• Signs of deficiency can mimic other plant illnesses; yellowing leaves (with or without a reduction in size).
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Nitrogen – How it Works
Most plants are able to absorb
nitrogen when it is in an ammonium or nitrate form
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Phosphorus
• Typically found in soil as an insoluble compound.
• Leaches from the soil very slowly.
• Deficiency appears first as slowed growth. The leaves will become dull and dark green or grayish green.
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Phosphorus – How it Works
Plants absorb the inorganic
form of phosphorus
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Eutrophication: The process of excess nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus) accelerating the growth of algae in a waterway, which often results in a decrease of oxygen in the waterbody.
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Nutrient Pollution Is a Serious Problem
Top 5 Causes of U.S. Waterbody
Impairments
1. Mercury
2. Pathogens
3. Sediment
4. Metals
5. Nutrients
•Waterbodies in almost every state and territory are impacted by nutrient pollution.
•States have identified over 10,000 waterbody segments impaired by nutrients.
http://www.epa.gov/waters/305b
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Nutrients that Enter Our Waters Come from a Variety of Sources
And More!
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Kinnickinnic River, Wisconsin
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Sarasota, Florida
Note: Data taken from Sarasota Bay Estuary Program. “State of the Bay 2006”
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The Chesapeake Bay
Note: Data take from the Chesapeake Bay Program www.chesapeakebay.net 19
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Chesapeake Bay - Phosphorus
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Soil Erosion Also Carries Nutrients to Waterways
Erosion not only washes away valuable soil but carries pollutants, including phosphorus, into waterways.
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The Chesapeake Bay – Sediment
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Summary
Too much fertilizer is applied
Nutrients and sediment
reach waterway
Algal blooms and other
water quality problems
result
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The Clean Water Act & You
Clean Water Act(The Law)
EPA administers the Clean Water Act
(Federal Level)
Stakeholder participation in
the development of water quality
criteria and standards
(That’s You!)
States create, enforce and
monitor clean water regulations and report data to
EPA
Visit www.epa.gov/epahome/state.htm to find your state environmental agency
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What are Water Quality Criteria and Standards?
• The foundation of the water quality-based control program mandated by the Clean Water Act.
• Define the goals for a waterbody by: designating its “uses” setting criteria to protect those uses establishing provisions to protect water quality
from pollutants.
• For further information see: http://www.epa.gov/waterscience/standards/about
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Ecological Complexities Create Significant Challenges for Developing WQ Criteria
•Linkages among interacting variables:
Aquatic
Life
DO
pH
Habitat
Food
Plant/Algal Growth
MicrobialGrowth
Nutrients
LightFlow
Temperature Substrate
Water ChemistryHerbivory
Competition
Pathogens
Recreation
Drinking Water
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What is EPA Currently Doing?• Providing States/Tribes and Territories with statistical and
expert scientific assistance to identify the complex relationships between nutrients and biological responses depicted in the last slide.
Understanding these relationships are critical for developing Water Quality Criteria and Standards.
Most States currently working on criteria for rivers/streams and lakes/ reservoirs.
• Building a scientific basis for development of nutrient crtiteria for estuaries and wetlands.
• Developing outreach materials, such as this webcast, to raise public awareness.
• Developing a Progress Report – to be published in May.
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What Can You do About Nutrient Pollution?It’s simple! Follow these tips:
1. Get Involved in Your States Water Quality Standards Development Process
2. Consider Stream Restoration Projects
3. Test Your Soil
4. Apply Fertilizer Sparingly
5. Adopt Sustainable Lawn Care Practices
6. Improve Drainage
7. Use Water Wisely
8. Plant Natives
9. Plant Lawn Alternatives
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Get Involved in Your State’s Water Quality Standards!• Visit EPA’s Surf Your Watershed Website
http://cfpub.epa.gov/surf/locate/index.cfm
Once you locate your watershed, click on Citizen-based Groups in Your Watershed to learn about local ways that you can get involved in water monitoring and other watershed-related activities.
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Get Involved in Your State’s Water Quality Standards
• Participate in the public review process of your state’s water quality standards
http://www.epa.gov/waterscience/standards
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Questions?
Steve Potts, Acting Nitrogen and Phosphorus Pollution Criteria Team Leader,
U.S. EPA’s Office of Water
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Protecting Water Resources Protecting Water Resources with Florida-Friendly with Florida-Friendly
Landscaping Landscaping
Ondine WellsStatewide Builder and Developer
CoordinatorFlorida Yards & Neighborhoods Program
March 19, 2008
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Florida-Friendly Landscaping | 33
Presentation OutlinePresentation Outline
Water challenges in Florida
Florida Yards & Neighborhoods
Educational resources
Case Studies
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Florida-Friendly Landscaping | 34
Florida Population:•1980 ~10,000,000•2005 ~17,000,000•2030 ~28,000,000
Building Permits (Florida):•2002 ~127,000•2003 ~155,000•2004 ~185,000•2005 ~204,000
www.buildgreen.ufl.edu
Growth IndicatorsGrowth Indicators
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Florida-Friendly Landscaping | 35
Impacts of LandscapingImpacts of Landscaping
25 to 60% of homeowner water use is for lawn & landscape irrigation
Nutrient runoff can degrade water bodies
+ =
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Florida-Friendly Landscaping | 36
Florida Yards & Neighborhoods Florida Yards & Neighborhoods (FYN)(FYN)
FYN, a University of Florida Extension program, partners with national, state and local agencies to teach Florida friendly landscaping.
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Florida-Friendly Landscaping | 37
Florida-Friendly Landscaping GoalsFlorida-Friendly Landscaping Goals
Reduce Water Consumption Protect Water Quality Design for Both Humans and Wildlife
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Florida-Friendly Landscaping | 38
Florida Yards & Neighborhoods Florida Yards & Neighborhoods (FYN)(FYN)
Audiences Homeowners Homeowner associations Builders and developers Landscape architects Landscape maintenance
professionals Landscape and irrigation
contractors Real estate professionals
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Florida-Friendly Landscaping | 39
Florida-Friendly Nine Principles Florida-Friendly Nine Principles
1. Right plant, right place
2. Water efficiently
3. Fertilize appropriately
4. Mulch
5. Attract wildlife
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Florida-Friendly Landscaping | 40
Florida-Friendly Nine Principles Florida-Friendly Nine Principles (cont’d)(cont’d)
6. Manage yard pests responsibly
7. Reduce stormwater runoff
8. Recycle
9. Protect the waterfront
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Florida-Friendly Landscaping | 41
Swales
Low Impact DevelopmentLow Impact Development
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Florida-Friendly Landscaping | 42Pennsylvania Stormwater Management Manual 2004
Low Impact DevelopmentLow Impact Development
Credit: Dr. Mark Clark, UF
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Florida-Friendly Landscaping | 43
Resources for HomeownersResources for Homeowners
Handbook
Consultations
Workshops
Soil Analysis (provided by Extension offices)
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Florida-Friendly Landscaping | 44
Resources for HomeownersResources for Homeowners
www.FloridaYards.org
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Florida-Friendly Landscaping | 45
Resources for Green Industry Resources for Green Industry ProfessionalsProfessionals
Green Industries BMP training
Landscape Architect CEU training
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Florida-Friendly Landscaping | 46
Resources for Developers & Resources for Developers & EngineersEngineers
Landscape and Irrigation Design Plan Review
Awards
Certifications
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Florida-Friendly Landscaping | 47
Resources for Developers & Resources for Developers & EngineersEngineers
Low Impact Development CEU training (provided by UF’s Program for Resource Efficient Communities)
Model Covenants, Conditions and Restrictions (CCRs)
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Florida-Friendly Landscaping | 48
Resources for GovernmentsResources for Governments
Model Florida-Friendly Ordinance (developed by FL DEP)
Links to city and county ordinances throughout state
http://fyn.ifas.ufl.edu/government.htm
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Florida-Friendly Landscaping | 49
Resources for GovernmentsResources for Governments
Low Impact Development training (provided by UF’s Program for Resource Efficient Communities)
Florida Irrigation & Florida-Friendly Design Standards (developed by statewide Committee on Landscape Irrigation and Florida-Friendly Design Standards)
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Florida-Friendly Landscaping | 50
Ongoing ResearchOngoing Research
Irrigation efficiency (soil moisture sensors, ET controllers)
Water needs for landscape establishment
Turfgrass nutrient leaching
Low Impact Development
And much more…
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Florida-Friendly Landscaping | 51
Case Study: Madera CommunityCase Study: Madera Community
Location: Gainesville, FL
Size: 44 acres
Homes: 88 single-family
Developer:
GreenTrust, LLCPartnership with UF/PREC Narrow Uncurbed Roads
Careful & Limited Clearing
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Florida-Friendly Landscaping | 52
Madera: Model Home Landscape Madera: Model Home Landscape DesignDesign
Image Courtesy: Glenn Acomb Associates, Inc
MODEL HOME
Driveway
Rain Garden
Guest ParkingInfiltration Tank
PreservedVegetation
Turf
Turf
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Florida-Friendly Landscaping | 53
Madera: Model Home Design Madera: Model Home Design TechniquesTechniques
Shared Driveway Limited Impervious Cover
Irrigation = 50% ConventionalTurf Area = 35% Conventional
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Florida-Friendly Landscaping | 54
Madera: Model Home Design Madera: Model Home Design TechniquesTechniques
Florida-friendly Plants
Exfiltration Tank Reinforced Turf for ParkingRoof to Tank
Soil Moisture Sensors (4 Zone)
Rain Garden
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Florida-Friendly Landscaping | 55
Case Study: Hancock PlaceCase Study: Hancock Place
Affordable SF homes Florida-friendly
landscaping Florida-friendly CCRs Education for new
homeowners Only micro-irrigation Energy Star &
Florida Water StarSM
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Florida-Friendly Landscaping | 56
Regulations & IncentivesRegulations & Incentives
Numerous city and county ordinances in place or in progress
Creative IncentivesCity of DeLand
• 15% rebate on water and sewer impact fees for each residential unit meeting Florida Water StarSM
requirements
Gainesville Green Building Ordinance
• Fast-track building permitting• 50% reduced permitting fee
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Florida-Friendly Landscaping | 57
How Can We Measure Success?How Can We Measure Success?
Comparing Theoretical Water Needs to Actual Consumption
Community A Community B
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Florida-Friendly Landscaping | 58
ChallengesChallenges
Measurable Results Research Gaps Homeowner
education Covenants in place
prior to 2001 Developer buy-in No incentives for
LID
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Florida-Friendly Landscaping | 59
Contributors – Thank YouContributors – Thank You
Glenn Acomb, ASLA Associate Professor, Department of Landscape
Architecture
Michael D. Dukes, Ph.D., P.E., Barnardo Cardenas-Lailhacar, Melissa B. Haley Agricultural & Biological Engineering Institute of Food and Agriculural Sciences (IFAS)
Pierce Jones, Ph.D. Director, Program for Resource Efficient
Communities
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Florida-Friendly Landscaping | 60
Questions?Questions?
Ondine Wells, Statewide Builder and Developer Coordinator, Florida Yards and Neighborhoods
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Next Month’s WebcastNext Month’s Webcast
Monitoring Watershed Program Monitoring Watershed Program EffectivenessEffectiveness
April 10, 2008, 2:00-4:00PM ESTApril 10, 2008, 2:00-4:00PM EST
See epa.gov/watershedwebcasts See epa.gov/watershedwebcasts for more detailsfor more details
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6262GREEN LAWNS/BLUE WATERS
HAVING BOTH THE SMART WAY
Mona Menezes
Stormwater Educator
City of [email protected]
573-817-6447
When One Tugs at a Single Thing in Nature…
He Finds it is Attached to the Rest of the World. John Muir
Healthy
V
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Why Address Lawn Care?Why Address Lawn Care?
““The City is not in the Lawn Care Business”The City is not in the Lawn Care Business”
Stormwater Education Stormwater Education
Perfect Link between Home (Personal Perfect Link between Home (Personal Interest)/Stormdrain/StreamInterest)/Stormdrain/Stream
Impaired streamsImpaired streams
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Building A ProgramBuilding A Program
Missouri does not yet have a statewide lawn Missouri does not yet have a statewide lawn care program like Florida Yards & care program like Florida Yards & NeighborhoodsNeighborhoods
Is a natural fit for state ExtensionIs a natural fit for state Extension Springfield, Missouri initiated ShowMe Yards Springfield, Missouri initiated ShowMe Yards We started from scratchWe started from scratch
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Who Would Invest?Who Would Invest?
One person has to assume leadership or “heavy One person has to assume leadership or “heavy lifting”lifting”
City stormwater engineerCity stormwater engineer State 319 Nonpoint Source FundsState 319 Nonpoint Source Funds Local lawn care companies/Professional Local lawn care companies/Professional
OrganizationsOrganizations ExtensionExtension Non-profit Watershed GroupsNon-profit Watershed Groups Parks Department StaffParks Department Staff AmericorpsAmericorps OtherOther
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A Blank SlateA Blank Slate
Name?Name? Purpose/Intent?Purpose/Intent? Desired Outcomes?Desired Outcomes? Funding/Other SupportFunding/Other Support Benefit to Homeowners?Benefit to Homeowners?
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Purposes of SMYNPurposes of SMYN Educational effort to reduce chemical Educational effort to reduce chemical
runoff to streams.runoff to streams. Help Missouri cities meet their stormwater Help Missouri cities meet their stormwater
permit requirements under Clean Water permit requirements under Clean Water Act provisions. Act provisions.
Provide public outreach & participation in Provide public outreach & participation in nonpoint pollution reduction.nonpoint pollution reduction.
Promote responsible yard care with Promote responsible yard care with healthy…not perfect….lawns.healthy…not perfect….lawns.
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What Show-Me Yards is NOT:What Show-Me Yards is NOT:
An effort to promote only organic An effort to promote only organic gardening or lawn care.gardening or lawn care.
Required under any lawsRequired under any laws
An opponent of commercial lawn careAn opponent of commercial lawn care
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FundingFunding
Initial workshop cost about $200.00Initial workshop cost about $200.00 City expended about $2000 in 2007City expended about $2000 in 2007 Nearby city did cost recovery ($45 for Nearby city did cost recovery ($45 for
three session workshops)three session workshops) Room rental, copying, coffee, advertising, Room rental, copying, coffee, advertising,
brochures, signsbrochures, signs
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Best FeaturesBest Features
BrochureBrochure Self-Assessment Scorecard (Rate Yr Yard)Self-Assessment Scorecard (Rate Yr Yard) VideosVideos City ChannelCity Channel WorkshopsWorkshops Field DaysField Days SMYN Yard SignsSMYN Yard Signs Website Website
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How Did It Work Out?How Did It Work Out?
Started with 25 people signed up for a 2 Started with 25 people signed up for a 2 hour workshop. hour workshop.
3 years later, 180 registered (300/year)3 years later, 180 registered (300/year)
for 3-session workshops, 8 hoursfor 3-session workshops, 8 hours Field Days attracted about 250 visitsField Days attracted about 250 visits Tied Field Days to other events (Mayor’s Tied Field Days to other events (Mayor’s
Bike Walk and Wheel Week)Bike Walk and Wheel Week)
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Rate Your Rate Your YardYard
ScorecardScorecard
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Northwest Natural Yard DaysNorthwest Natural Yard Days (Seattle, Washington)(Seattle, Washington)
An incentive program to encourage homeowners in King An incentive program to encourage homeowners in King County to change the way they care for their yards.County to change the way they care for their yards.
Northwest Natural Yard Days is now in its eighth year.Northwest Natural Yard Days is now in its eighth year. The goal of this popular program is to encourage The goal of this popular program is to encourage
residents of King County and surrounding areas to residents of King County and surrounding areas to purchase environmentally preferable yard care products purchase environmentally preferable yard care products and to practice and to practice natural yard carenatural yard care..
The retail sales sponsored by Northwest Natural Yard The retail sales sponsored by Northwest Natural Yard Days partners take place in spring and fall each year. Days partners take place in spring and fall each year. Check this Web site in March for details about the spring Check this Web site in March for details about the spring sales which will begin in April, 2006.sales which will begin in April, 2006.
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Use of Yard SignsUse of Yard Signs To date, the section 319 Nonpoint Source To date, the section 319 Nonpoint Source
funded project has put out signs in 42 funded project has put out signs in 42 yardsyards
Each for two weeksEach for two weeks
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Neighbor to Neighbor EducationNeighbor to Neighbor Education
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SHOW ME YARDS DEMONSTRATION AREA AT ROCK BRIDGE STATE PARK
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Green Lawns/Blue WatersGreen Lawns/Blue WatersLawn Care Professionals WorkshopLawn Care Professionals Workshop
March 4 2008 8a.m. to 3 p.m.March 4 2008 8a.m. to 3 p.m. University of Missouri ExtensionUniversity of Missouri Extension
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What Does My Urban Yard Have to do With
Healthy Streams?
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What Does Lawn Care Have to do What Does Lawn Care Have to do with Water Quality?with Water Quality?
Cuyahoga Cuyahoga River, OhioRiver, Ohio
Rouge River, Rouge River, MichiganMichigan
These rivers These rivers caught fire caught fire during the during the 1960s.1960s.
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Clean Water Act of 1972Clean Water Act of 1972(35 Years Old)(35 Years Old)
Amended in the mid-80s to address Amended in the mid-80s to address non-non-point source pollutionpoint source pollution (not from a pipe or (not from a pipe or known source point)known source point)
Nonpoint source pollutionNonpoint source pollution is common in is common in urban runoffurban runoff
Includes oils and auto fluids, litter, Includes oils and auto fluids, litter, sediment and sediment and millions of pounds of lawn millions of pounds of lawn pesticides and fertilizers.pesticides and fertilizers.
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The Watershed SystemThe Watershed SystemAn Area of Land that Drains to a Stream or BasinAn Area of Land that Drains to a Stream or Basin
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WE ALL
LIVE IN
A WATERSHED
Where Does Your Water
Go?
U R Here
http://www.gocolumbiamo.com/PublicWorks/StormWater/Watersheds/87
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From Storm Drains…From Storm Drains…
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Sport Fish in urban streams are stressed. Populations have higher incidence of poor health, and indicators of disease such as fin erosion, fungus, infections, etc.
Pale gills in Bass
Bruise on Trout Lesion on BullheadPhotos taken as part of USGS-BEST program
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9393GREEN LAWNS/BLUE WATERS
HAVING BOTH THE SMART WAY
Mona Menezes
Stormwater Educator
City of [email protected]
817-6447
When One Tugs at a Single Thing in Nature…
He Finds it is Attached to the Rest of the World. John Muir
Healthy
V
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Questions?Questions?
Mona Menezes, Stormwater Educator, City of Columbia, MO
Steve Potts, Acting Nitrogen and Phosphorus Pollution Criteria
Team Leader, U.S. EPA
Ondine Wells, Statewide Builder and Developer
Coordinator, Florida Yards and Neighborhoods
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Check out Additional Resources at:Check out Additional Resources at:
Please give us feedback Please give us feedback on the Webcast at:on the Webcast at:
http://www.clu-in.org/conf/tio/owmnybyc/resource.cfm
http://www.clu-in.org/conf/tio/owmnybyc/feedback.cfm
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