web01 semantic web: concepte
DESCRIPTION
O viziune de ansamblu asupra problematicilor Web-ului semantic.TRANSCRIPT
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Dr. Sabin Buraga http://www.purl.org/net/busaco
Semantic Web <?xml version=“1.0” ?><curs desc=“…” />
Web semantic
Dr. SabinCorneliu BuragaFacultatea de Informatica
Universitatea “A.I.Cuza” – Iasi, Romania
http://www.infoiasi.ro/~busaco/
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Dr. Sabin Buraga http://www.purl.org/net/busaco
Semantic Web <?xml version=“1.0” ?><curs desc=“…” />
Concepte primare
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Dr. Sabin Buraga http://www.purl.org/net/busaco
Semantic Web <?xml version=“1.0” ?><curs desc=“…” />
“A defini inseamna a ucide,a sugera inseamna a crea.”
Stéphane Mallarmé
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Dr. Sabin Buraga http://www.purl.org/net/busaco
Semantic Web <?xml version=“1.0” ?><curs desc=“…” />
Prolog:Ce este Webul?
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Dr. Sabin Buraga http://www.purl.org/net/busaco
Semantic Web <?xml version=“1.0” ?><curs desc=“…” />
world wide web
Web, WWW, “pinza de paianjen mondiala”
Serviciu InternetWWW ≠ Internet
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Dr. Sabin Buraga http://www.purl.org/net/busaco
Semantic Web <?xml version=“1.0” ?><curs desc=“…” />
world wide web
Bazat pe modelul client/server
serverWeb
Client Web
(browser)
cerere
raspuns
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Dr. Sabin Buraga http://www.purl.org/net/busaco
Semantic Web <?xml version=“1.0” ?><curs desc=“…” />
…si pe hipertext
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Dr. Sabin Buraga http://www.purl.org/net/busaco
Semantic Web <?xml version=“1.0” ?><curs desc=“…” />
world wide web
Functioneaza conform reglementarilorConsortiului Web
www.w3.org
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Dr. Sabin Buraga http://www.purl.org/net/busaco
Semantic Web <?xml version=“1.0” ?><curs desc=“…” />
world wide web
Idee (Sir Tim BernersLee la CERN – 1989)integrarea unor sisteme informaționale
disparate într‐un mod unitar,fără diferențe între sursele de date
Anything can link to anything
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Dr. Sabin Buraga http://www.purl.org/net/busaco
Semantic Web <?xml version=“1.0” ?><curs desc=“…” />
world wide web
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Dr. Sabin Buraga http://www.purl.org/net/busaco
Semantic Web <?xml version=“1.0” ?><curs desc=“…” />
world wide web
Scopuri principale:independenta de dispozitivindependenta de software
scalabilitateamultimedia
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Dr. Sabin Buraga http://www.purl.org/net/busaco
Semantic Web <?xml version=“1.0” ?><curs desc=“…” />
world wide web
Resursele sunt identificate prin adresa lor – identificator uniform de resurse (URI)
Existența unui protocol (e.g., HTTP) pentru accesul la conținutul resurselor
Resursele (văzute ca documente) includ marcaje (adnotări)
Marcajele conțin la rândul lor URI‐uripaginiWeb
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Dr. Sabin Buraga http://www.purl.org/net/busaco
Semantic Web <?xml version=“1.0” ?><curs desc=“…” />
world wide web
Detalii privind architectura Web‐ului: www.w3.org/TR/webarch/
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Dr. Sabin Buraga http://www.purl.org/net/busaco
Semantic Web <?xml version=“1.0” ?><curs desc=“…” />
world wide web
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Dr. Sabin Buraga http://www.purl.org/net/busaco
Semantic Web <?xml version=“1.0” ?><curs desc=“…” />
Primul act:Web 1.0
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Dr. Sabin Buraga http://www.purl.org/net/busaco
Semantic Web <?xml version=“1.0” ?><curs desc=“…” />
Caracterizare
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Dr. Sabin Buraga http://www.purl.org/net/busaco
Semantic Web <?xml version=“1.0” ?><curs desc=“…” />
Caracterizare
Sit Websistem pe care rulează un server Web
găzduind o serie de pagini (documente) WWWînrudite – ale unei organizații, companii
sau persoane
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Dr. Sabin Buraga http://www.purl.org/net/busaco
Semantic Web <?xml version=“1.0” ?><curs desc=“…” />
Caracterizare
Sit WebOferă informații unitare
Are asociată o adresă publică (vizibilă),bazată pe un domeniu Internet
Serverul Web poate gestiona simultan mai multe situri – găzduire virtuală
Poate fi disponibil în intranet sau extranet
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Dr. Sabin Buraga http://www.purl.org/net/busaco
Semantic Web <?xml version=“1.0” ?><curs desc=“…” />
Caracterizare
Aplicaţie Webcolecție interconectată de pagini Web
cu conținut generat dinamic, menită a oferiutilizatorilor o funcționalitate specifică
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Dr. Sabin Buraga http://www.purl.org/net/busaco
Semantic Web <?xml version=“1.0” ?><curs desc=“…” />
Caracterizare
Aplicaţie WebInteracțiunea dintre aplicație şi utilizatori are loc
via o interfață Web
Uzual, sit Web = aplicație Web
Exemple: Amazon, Expedia, Kartoo, PHPMyAdmin, webmin,…
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Dr. Sabin Buraga http://www.purl.org/net/busaco
Semantic Web <?xml version=“1.0” ?><curs desc=“…” />
Caracterizare
Arhitectura unei aplicaţii Web
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Dr. Sabin Buraga http://www.purl.org/net/busaco
Semantic Web <?xml version=“1.0” ?><curs desc=“…” />
Caracterizare
AplicaţieWeb = Interfaţă + Conţinut (Date) + Program
Mitul 1: cea mai importantă e interfațaMitul 2: cel mai important este programulMitul 3: cele mai importante sunt datele
Fapt: sunt importante toate!
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Dr. Sabin Buraga http://www.purl.org/net/busaco
Semantic Web <?xml version=“1.0” ?><curs desc=“…” />
Privire de ansamblu
Web‐ul = spatiu informational compusdin elemente de interes, numite resurse,
desemnate de identificatori globali – URI/IRI
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Dr. Sabin Buraga http://www.purl.org/net/busaco
Semantic Web <?xml version=“1.0” ?><curs desc=“…” />
Privire de ansamblu
Relatiile dintre o resursa Web, adresa ei (URI) sireprezentarea structurata a resursei
Reprezentarea = date propriu-zise + meta-date (date despre date)
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Dr. Sabin Buraga http://www.purl.org/net/busaco
Semantic Web <?xml version=“1.0” ?><curs desc=“…” />
Privire de ansamblu
Aspecte de interesIdentificareaInteractiunea
Reprezentarea prin formate de date
Detalii la www.w3.org/TR/webarch/(recomandare W3C, 2004)
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Dr. Sabin Buraga http://www.purl.org/net/busaco
Semantic Web <?xml version=“1.0” ?><curs desc=“…” />
Privire de ansamblu
Identificarea resurselorFiecare resursa trebuie sa fie adresabilaFiecarei resurse i se asigneaza un URI distinct (reducerea coliziunilor)
Un URI va avea un proprietar(persoana, organizatie, specificatie,...)
De incurajat utilizarea consistenta a URI‐urilorOpacitatea URI – natura unei resurse nu este datade adresa (URI), ci de reprezentare
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Dr. Sabin Buraga http://www.purl.org/net/busaco
Semantic Web <?xml version=“1.0” ?><curs desc=“…” />
Privire de ansamblu
InteractiuneaAgent Web = persoane ori software actionind peWebAgent‐utilizator = software actionind in numeleunui utilizator (uman)
Agent software = servere, proxy‐uri, roboti, navigatoare, player‐e multimedia etc.
Comunicarea intre agenti implica URI‐uri, mesaje sidate, via protocoale (HTTP, FTP, SOAP, SMTP,...)
Un mesaj poate fi compus din date & meta‐date
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Dr. Sabin Buraga http://www.purl.org/net/busaco
Semantic Web <?xml version=“1.0” ?><curs desc=“…” />
Privire de ansamblu
InteractiuneaAccesul la o resursa se realizeaza prin URI (dereferentiere), eventual implicind mai multi pasi, rezultind o reprezentare a resursei
O reprezentare desemneaza datele ce codificainformatia despre starea unei resurse
Siguranta interactiunii – agentul nu realizeaza nicio actiune colaterala (sideeffects) in cadrulinteractiunii
Preluarea unei resurse (retrieval) trebuie sa fie sigura
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Dr. Sabin Buraga http://www.purl.org/net/busaco
Semantic Web <?xml version=“1.0” ?><curs desc=“…” />
Privire de ansamblu
Reprezentarea prin formate de dateWeb‐ul nu impune utilizarea unor formate de date, dar incurajeaza refolosirea celor existente
Aspecte importante: formate binare vs. textuale, controlul versiunilor, extensibilitatea, compunerea formatelor, separarea continutului, prezentarii & interactiunii
Hipertextul = includerea, via URI‐uri, de referintela alte resurse in cadrul unei resurse
Legatura in sensul de “relatie”, nu de “conectare fizica”
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Dr. Sabin Buraga http://www.purl.org/net/busaco
Semantic Web <?xml version=“1.0” ?><curs desc=“…” />
Actul al doilea:Webul social
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Dr. Sabin Buraga http://www.purl.org/net/busaco
Semantic Web <?xml version=“1.0” ?><curs desc=“…” />
Web‐ul „vechi” (1.0)
Web‐ul ca spațiu de „aprovizionare” cu datedistribuție de informații – readonly Web
Utilizatorul privit drept consumator pasivInteracțiunea cu vizitatorul este limitată
via email, guestbooks, webrings, forumuri etc.Apariția ebusinessului (.com‐urile) şi a altor e* Căutări bazate pe cuvinte‐cheie sau pe cataloageLipsa standardelor „războiul” browser‐elor
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Dr. Sabin Buraga http://www.purl.org/net/busaco
Semantic Web <?xml version=“1.0” ?><curs desc=“…” />
Web‐ul prezent
WWW ≡ platforma în care utilizatorulîşi controlează propriile date
Aşa‐numitul Web 2.0, conform Tim O’Reilly, 2005
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Dr. Sabin Buraga http://www.purl.org/net/busaco
Semantic Web <?xml version=“1.0” ?><curs desc=“…” />
Web‐ul social
“…openness of data and services, rich user experience and low cost of delivery.”
Jeff Clavier
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Dr. Sabin Buraga http://www.purl.org/net/busaco
Semantic Web <?xml version=“1.0” ?><curs desc=“…” />
Web‐ul social
Noi tipuri de aplicatii Web – exemple:Webloguri & Microbloguri
WikiuriSocial networks
Podcasturi& VodcasturiMashups
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Dr. Sabin Buraga http://www.purl.org/net/busaco
Semantic Web <?xml version=“1.0” ?><curs desc=“…” />
Web‐ul social: Caracteristici
Servicii şi nu pachete softwareaplicațiile masive („mamut”) sunt substituitede cele constituite din servicii specifice,disponibile pe Web, uşor de înlocuit
suita Office Google Docs
API‐uri gratuite pentru acces la servicii Web publice
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Dr. Sabin Buraga http://www.purl.org/net/busaco
Semantic Web <?xml version=“1.0” ?><curs desc=“…” />
Web‐ul social: Caracteristici
Participareread/write Web
colaborare, comunități,conectivitate inter‐personală & între aplicații
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Dr. Sabin Buraga http://www.purl.org/net/busaco
Semantic Web <?xml version=“1.0” ?><curs desc=“…” />
Web‐ul social: Caracteristici
Participare, nu doar publicare a datelor
rețele sociale (social networks) în stilul peertopeer – P2P
fenomenul remixării (e.g., mashup) via API‐uri deschise
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Dr. Sabin Buraga http://www.purl.org/net/busaco
Semantic Web <?xml version=“1.0” ?><curs desc=“…” />
Web‐ul social: Caracteristici
Transformare/refolosire a datelor
datele sunt disponibile în formate deschise,universale, facil de procesat
(r)evoluţia XML(Extensible Markup Language)
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Dr. Sabin Buraga http://www.purl.org/net/busaco
Semantic Web <?xml version=“1.0” ?><curs desc=“…” />
Web‐ul social: Caracteristici
Software rulat oriunde
ubicuitatea aplicațiilor Web
bookmark‐uri salvate local (pentru fiecare browser)vs. bookmark‐uri disponibile pe Web, uşor de accesat
şi de partajat cu alții
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Dr. Sabin Buraga http://www.purl.org/net/busaco
Semantic Web <?xml version=“1.0” ?><curs desc=“…” />
Web‐ul social: Caracteristici
Inteligenţa colectivă
editare & management colaborativ al conținutului
aplicații de tipwiki
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Dr. Sabin Buraga http://www.purl.org/net/busaco
Semantic Web <?xml version=“1.0” ?><curs desc=“…” />
Web‐ul social: Caracteristici
Încredere radicală
autentificare descentralizată de tip SSO (Single Sign On)via OpenID sau CardSpace
openid.net
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Dr. Sabin Buraga http://www.purl.org/net/busaco
Semantic Web <?xml version=“1.0” ?><curs desc=“…” />
Web‐ul social: Caracteristici
Mediatizare (syndication) Web
date privitoare la un sit Web sunt expuse libervia un flux (feed) în format RSS (Really Simple Syndication)
sau AtomXML
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Dr. Sabin Buraga http://www.purl.org/net/busaco
Semantic Web <?xml version=“1.0” ?><curs desc=“…” />
Web‐ul social: Caracteristici
Podcasting = pod (iPod) + broadcast
flux audio/video automat expediat utilizatorului pentru a fi redat de un playermultimedia – e.g., iTunes
accesibil oricând via un podcast feed
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Dr. Sabin Buraga http://www.purl.org/net/busaco
Semantic Web <?xml version=“1.0” ?><curs desc=“…” />
Web‐ul social: Caracteristici
Interacţiune bogată cu utilizatorulinteractivitateWeb similară interacțiunii convenționale
RIA – Rich Internet Applications
platforme (de dezvoltare) Web pentru utilizatorul obisnuitFacebook, Joomla, Microsoft PopFly, Twitter,
WordPress, XWiki, Yahoo! Pipes
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Dr. Sabin Buraga http://www.purl.org/net/busaco
Semantic Web <?xml version=“1.0” ?><curs desc=“…” />
Web‐ul social: Caracteristici
Interacţiune bogată cu utilizatorul
încurajarea utilizării tehnologiilor deschise
AJAX (Asynchronous JavaScript And XML)Flex/AIRSilverlight
www.openajax.org
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Dr. Sabin Buraga http://www.purl.org/net/busaco
Semantic Web <?xml version=“1.0” ?><curs desc=“…” />
Web‐ul social: Caracteristici
Interacţiune bogată cu utilizatorul
widget‐uri (mini‐aplicații specifice) la nivel de:desktopWeb
dispozitive mobile
Google Desktop, iPhone, KDE, Mac OS X, Vista,…
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Dr. Sabin Buraga http://www.purl.org/net/busaco
Semantic Web <?xml version=“1.0” ?><curs desc=“…” />
Web‐ul social: Caracteristici
Valori de bază
deschidere, transparență, respect
inițiativa Creative Commonsreasonable, flexible copyright
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Dr. Sabin Buraga http://www.purl.org/net/busaco
Semantic Web <?xml version=“1.0” ?><curs desc=“…” />
Web‐ul social
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Dr. Sabin Buraga http://www.purl.org/net/busaco
Semantic Web <?xml version=“1.0” ?><curs desc=“…” />
Web‐ul social
Adrese WebConnotea, Del.icio.us
DocumenteGoogle Docs, Scribd
Mindmapping& diagrameBubbl.us , Gliffy
Video Blip.TV, JumpCut , Vimeo
PrezentăriSlideLive, Slideshare
EvenimenteEventful, Upcoming
Management de proiecteBasecamp
Spații virtuale 3DSecondLife
etc., etc.
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Dr. Sabin Buraga http://www.purl.org/net/busaco
Semantic Web <?xml version=“1.0” ?><curs desc=“…” />
Intermezzo
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Dr. Sabin Buraga http://www.purl.org/net/busaco
Semantic Web <?xml version=“1.0” ?><curs desc=“…” />
remarci
Constituirea unor “pânze” (web‐uri) – grupări, rețele – de informații disponibile liber, evoluând
conform intereselor unei comunități(e.g., utilizatori, organizație, industrie,…)
Cum se asigura accesul “inteligent”, interoperabilitatea, consistenta si refolosirea acestor web‐uri?
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Dr. Sabin Buraga http://www.purl.org/net/busaco
Semantic Web <?xml version=“1.0” ?><curs desc=“…” />
Actul al treilea:Webul datelor
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Dr. Sabin Buraga http://www.purl.org/net/busaco
Semantic Web <?xml version=“1.0” ?><curs desc=“…” />
Web‐ul „vechi”: Probleme
Supraîncărcarea informațională(information overload)
datele generate de fiecare angajat al unei organizații (companii,…) se dublează la fiecare 18 luni
44% din utilizatorii americani adulți sunt creatoride conținut digital online
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Dr. Sabin Buraga http://www.purl.org/net/busaco
Semantic Web <?xml version=“1.0” ?><curs desc=“…” />
Web‐ul „vechi”: Probleme
Sisteme de tip „conductă” (stovepipe systems)
componente software interconectate strânspentru a lucra împreună
aplicații închise, lipsa flexibilității
![Page 55: Web01 Semantic Web: Concepte](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022052522/547b29e0b379593a2b8b4ca4/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
Dr. Sabin Buraga http://www.purl.org/net/busaco
Semantic Web <?xml version=“1.0” ?><curs desc=“…” />
Web‐ul „vechi”: Probleme
Agregarea precară a conținutului
informații care nu pot fi partajate sau refolositeîn alt context, de către alți utilizatori
![Page 56: Web01 Semantic Web: Concepte](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022052522/547b29e0b379593a2b8b4ca4/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
Dr. Sabin Buraga http://www.purl.org/net/busaco
Semantic Web <?xml version=“1.0” ?><curs desc=“…” />
Necesități
O manieră de a ataşa metadate(date privitoare la date)
vocabulare de termeni descriind „ceva”(proprietăți, domenii, persoane, lumi,...)
![Page 57: Web01 Semantic Web: Concepte](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022052522/547b29e0b379593a2b8b4ca4/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
Dr. Sabin Buraga http://www.purl.org/net/busaco
Semantic Web <?xml version=“1.0” ?><curs desc=“…” />
Necesități
Un mod de specificare de relaţii între resurse
structuri de organizare a datelor
![Page 58: Web01 Semantic Web: Concepte](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022052522/547b29e0b379593a2b8b4ca4/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
Dr. Sabin Buraga http://www.purl.org/net/busaco
Semantic Web <?xml version=“1.0” ?><curs desc=“…” />
Necesități
Modelarea & procesarea cunoştinţelordespre „lucruri” (knowledge about things)
realizate sistematic, formalizat
create adhoc, manual, de către utilizatorii obişnuiți
folksonomii
![Page 59: Web01 Semantic Web: Concepte](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022052522/547b29e0b379593a2b8b4ca4/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
Dr. Sabin Buraga http://www.purl.org/net/busaco
Semantic Web <?xml version=“1.0” ?><curs desc=“…” />
Necesități
Modelarea datelor trebuie să facă implicitul explicit
„java” ≡ limbajul, insula ori sortimentul de cafea?
![Page 60: Web01 Semantic Web: Concepte](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022052522/547b29e0b379593a2b8b4ca4/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
Dr. Sabin Buraga http://www.purl.org/net/busaco
Semantic Web <?xml version=“1.0” ?><curs desc=“…” />
Necesități
Modelarea datelor trebuie să facă implicitul explicit„Java este un limbaj de programare.”
„XWiki este o aplicație Web scrisă în limbajul Java.”„Programarea Java poate fi mai uşoară decât cea în C++.”
… dar pot fi oare înţelese de către calculatoare?
Uşor de înțeles de (unii) oameni
![Page 61: Web01 Semantic Web: Concepte](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022052522/547b29e0b379593a2b8b4ca4/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
Dr. Sabin Buraga http://www.purl.org/net/busaco
Semantic Web <?xml version=“1.0” ?><curs desc=“…” />
Web 3.0: Data Web, Semantic Web
![Page 62: Web01 Semantic Web: Concepte](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022052522/547b29e0b379593a2b8b4ca4/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
Dr. Sabin Buraga http://www.purl.org/net/busaco
Semantic Web <?xml version=“1.0” ?><curs desc=“…” />
![Page 63: Web01 Semantic Web: Concepte](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022052522/547b29e0b379593a2b8b4ca4/html5/thumbnails/63.jpg)
Dr. Sabin Buraga http://www.purl.org/net/busaco
Semantic Web <?xml version=“1.0” ?><curs desc=“…” />
Răspuns
RDF (Resource Description Framework)
folosit la asocierea de metadate resurselor Webşi la specificarea relaţiilor dintre resurse
poate fi exprimat şi via o sintaxă XML
![Page 64: Web01 Semantic Web: Concepte](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022052522/547b29e0b379593a2b8b4ca4/html5/thumbnails/64.jpg)
Dr. Sabin Buraga http://www.purl.org/net/busaco
Semantic Web <?xml version=“1.0” ?><curs desc=“…” />
Titlu: In the flesh – liveArtist: Roger WatersAnul apariției: 2002Format: DVDSunet: 5.1 Dolby DigitalTip: concertDurata: 170 min.Subtitrare: N/ADetalii: www.roger‐waters.com
engleză
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Dr. Sabin Buraga http://www.purl.org/net/busaco
Semantic Web <?xml version=“1.0” ?><curs desc=“…” />
Formatul fizic al resursei desemnate de adresahttp://www.rogerwaters.com/intheflesh este DVD
<rdf:RDF><rdf:Description
rdf:about="http://www.roger-waters.com/in-the-flesh"> <s:Format>DVD</s:Format>
</rdf:Description> </rdf:RDF>
RDF: exemple
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Dr. Sabin Buraga http://www.purl.org/net/busaco
Semantic Web <?xml version=“1.0” ?><curs desc=“…” />
Alternative sintactice:format ("http://www.roger‐waters.com/in‐the‐flesh", "DVD")
RDF: exemple
![Page 67: Web01 Semantic Web: Concepte](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022052522/547b29e0b379593a2b8b4ca4/html5/thumbnails/67.jpg)
Dr. Sabin Buraga http://www.purl.org/net/busaco
Semantic Web <?xml version=“1.0” ?><curs desc=“…” />
Alina
Daniel
relațiaknows
deţine
proprie‐tatea
areNume
pig
photo
www.flickr.com/daniel
areTag
clasa persoanelor
![Page 68: Web01 Semantic Web: Concepte](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022052522/547b29e0b379593a2b8b4ca4/html5/thumbnails/68.jpg)
Dr. Sabin Buraga http://www.purl.org/net/busaco
Semantic Web <?xml version=“1.0” ?><curs desc=“…” />
Relații între resurse: FOAF (Friend Of A Friend), DOAP (Description Of A Project),…
Meta‐date „scufundate” în resurse: Adobe XMP(Extensible Metadata Platform), microformate etc.
Modelarea cunoştințelor (taxonomii, tezaure, ontologii): OWL (Web Ontology Language) et al.
RDF: utilizări
![Page 69: Web01 Semantic Web: Concepte](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022052522/547b29e0b379593a2b8b4ca4/html5/thumbnails/69.jpg)
Dr. Sabin Buraga http://www.purl.org/net/busaco
Semantic Web <?xml version=“1.0” ?><curs desc=“…” />
Oamenii/maşinile trebuie să utilizeze în acelaşi mod cunoştințele
Ontologii
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Dr. Sabin Buraga http://www.purl.org/net/busaco
Semantic Web <?xml version=“1.0” ?><curs desc=“…” />
Studiul categoriilor de lucruri (things) care există sau pot exista într‐un domeniu de interes
Ontologii
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Dr. Sabin Buraga http://www.purl.org/net/busaco
Semantic Web <?xml version=“1.0” ?><curs desc=“…” />
Partajarea aceleaşi conceptualizări a informațieiîntr‐o comunitate de practică
structurarea cunoştințelorconform diverselor puncte de vedere
Ontologii
![Page 72: Web01 Semantic Web: Concepte](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022052522/547b29e0b379593a2b8b4ca4/html5/thumbnails/72.jpg)
Dr. Sabin Buraga http://www.purl.org/net/busaco
Semantic Web <?xml version=“1.0” ?><curs desc=“…” />
AAA – Anyone can say Anything about Any topic
Ontologii
![Page 73: Web01 Semantic Web: Concepte](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022052522/547b29e0b379593a2b8b4ca4/html5/thumbnails/73.jpg)
Dr. Sabin Buraga http://www.purl.org/net/busaco
Semantic Web <?xml version=“1.0” ?><curs desc=“…” />
PentruWeb, ontologiile pot fi exprimatevia OWL (Web Ontology Language)
premisele creării de web‐uri semantice, interconectate
Ontologii
![Page 74: Web01 Semantic Web: Concepte](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022052522/547b29e0b379593a2b8b4ca4/html5/thumbnails/74.jpg)
Dr. Sabin Buraga http://www.purl.org/net/busaco
Semantic Web <?xml version=“1.0” ?><curs desc=“…” />
Interogarea „inteligentă” a Wikipedia: DBpedia, Powerset
Căutare semantică: PowerAqua, Yahoo! SearchMonkey
Semantic Web browsing: Magpie, PowerMagpie
Review & rating colaborativ: Revyu
Rețele sociale semantice: GroupMe!, Twine
Aplicații
![Page 75: Web01 Semantic Web: Concepte](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022052522/547b29e0b379593a2b8b4ca4/html5/thumbnails/75.jpg)
Dr. Sabin Buraga http://www.purl.org/net/busaco
Semantic Web <?xml version=“1.0” ?><curs desc=“…” />
Mashup‐uri semantice via Linked Data
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Dr. Sabin Buraga http://www.purl.org/net/busaco
Semantic Web <?xml version=“1.0” ?><curs desc=“…” />
Asigurarea portabilității: inițiativaDataPortability
Aplicații
![Page 77: Web01 Semantic Web: Concepte](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022052522/547b29e0b379593a2b8b4ca4/html5/thumbnails/77.jpg)
Dr. Sabin Buraga http://www.purl.org/net/busaco
Semantic Web <?xml version=“1.0” ?><curs desc=“…” />
“Epilog”:Următorii (zeci de) ani…
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Dr. Sabin Buraga http://www.purl.org/net/busaco
Semantic Web <?xml version=“1.0” ?><curs desc=“…” />
Web attitude (Tim Berners‐Lee)
Anyone can say anything about anything
No one knows everything about anything
My system is most valuablebecause of its interconnection to its peers
Punct de vedere
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Dr. Sabin Buraga http://www.purl.org/net/busaco
Semantic Web <?xml version=“1.0” ?><curs desc=“…” />
Centrate pe documentepagini statice, situri de companii
Interactiveexpoziții virtuale, ştiri, etravel
Tranzacţionaleebanking, soluții B2B, workflow‐uri
Colaborativechat, elearning, servicii P2P, wiki
Orientate spre portaluricomunități, pentru afaceri etc.
De tip ubicuuservicii bazate pe locație, multi‐platformă
Web socialblog‐uri, spații de lucru virtuale, filtrare colaborativă
Web semanticsisteme de recomandare, mediatizare, cunoştințe
Evoluția în timp a com
plexității
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Dr. Sabin Buraga http://www.purl.org/net/busaco
Semantic Web <?xml version=“1.0” ?><curs desc=“…” />
“Concluzii”
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Dr. Sabin Buraga http://www.purl.org/net/busaco
Semantic Web <?xml version=“1.0” ?><curs desc=“…” />
Rezumat
De la Web‐ul clasic, la cel social şi la viitorul datelor marcate semantic – Web‐ul 3.0
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Dr. Sabin Buraga http://www.purl.org/net/busaco
Semantic Web <?xml version=“1.0” ?><curs desc=“…” />
?