United States History

3rd Quarterly Assessment

_______ 1. The U.S. military attacked Iraq in March 2003 in part because the Bush administrationa. believed Saddam Hussein was protecting Osama bin Laden.b. believed the Iraqi government possessed weapons of mass destruction that

threatened the United States.c. thought the Iraqi government was responsible for the anthrax attacks.d. had evidence that Iraqi troops were committing atrocities against Kuwaiti

civilians.

_______ 2.“We’re a peaceful nation. Yet, as we have learned, so suddenly and so tragically, there can be no peace in a world of sudden terror. In the face of today’s new threat, the only way to pursue peace is to pursue those who threaten it.”

—George W. Bush,October 7, 2001

President Bush’s words supported which of the following policies?a. a military attack on Iraqb. creation of the Department of Homeland Securityc. the rescue and recovery efforts at the World Trade Center sited. a military attack on the Taliban in Afghanistan

3. What event led to the involvement of the United States military in Afghanistan in October 2001? _____________________________________________________________.

______4. Which of the following groups was responsible for the 9/11 Attacks on the World Trade Center?

a. Taliban b. Al Qaeda c. Black Hand d. Black Panther Party

_____5. As part of perestroika, Mikhail Gorbacheva. lifted media censorship.b. invaded East Germany.c. restructured the corrupt government bureaucracy.d. held democratic elections

_______ 6. Why did a U.S.-led military coalition attack Iraq in 1991?a. to defend Kuwait’s democratically elected government from unprovoked

aggressionb. to defend Operation Desert Stormc. to remove Iraq’s ruthless dictator from powerd. to protect petroleum supplies and respond to reports of atrocities in Iraqi-

occupied Kuwait

_______ 7. President Ronald Reagan believed that nuclear disarmamenta. would not halt Soviet expansion around the globe.b. was essential to the development of SDI.c. would promote world peace.d. would help his reelection campaign.

_______ 8. Why did U.S. peacekeeping forces go to Lebanon in 1983?a. to keep instability from spreading to the entire Middle Eastb. to respond to the terrorist attack against the U.S. embassy in Beirutc. to help end apartheidd. to stop human rights violations in the civil war in Lebanon

_______ 9. Use the image below to answer the following question.

The cartoonist portrays Mikhail Gorbachev surveyinga. a symbolic representation of his crushed dreams of democracy.b. the broken pieces of the symbol of Communist rule in the Soviet Union.c. a failed coup attempt to take over the Soviet Union.d. a symbolic representation of the victims of the Tiananmen Square massacre.

_______ 10. Who were the Vietminh?a. a group organized by Ho Chi Minh during World War II to resist the Japanese

occupationb. Vietnamese people who supported French rulec. protesters who used civil disobedience to fight for Vietnamese rightsd. French soldiers who fought the Vietnamese

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_______ 11. Use the chart below to answer the following question.

What explains the change in troop levels from 1969 to 1972?a. U.S. losses during the Tet Offensiveb. pacificationc. Vietnamizationd. the end of the draft

_______ 12. What is the domino theory?a. the strategy of dropping strings of bombs to destroy large areasb. the belief that if one country entered a war, neighboring countries would quickly

followc. the belief that if one country fell to communism, neighboring countries would

quickly followd. a system for aiding South Vietnamese civilians

_______ 13. Which of the following was most influential in turning American public opinion against the Vietnam War?a. protests organized by Students for a Democratic Societyb. military defeatsc. violent police responses to antiwar speechesd. media coverage of the war

14. Compare and contrast the goals and objectives of the United States, in regards, to military involvement in the 1950s through 2003?

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15.  How did the Marshall Plan of 1946 impact the relationship between Western Europe and the United States? _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_____16. Why did the United States force Japanese Americans who were Pacific Coast residents into internment camps in 1942?

A. documentary proof that Japan had been trying to recruit them as spiesB. as a gesture of revenge for the Japanese attack on HawaiiC. race-based fears that they would be more loyal to Japan than to the United StatesD. to protect them from the threat of future attacks

_____17.  During World War II, women and minorities made economic gains mainly becauseA.  a shortage of traditional labor created new opportunities in the workplaceB.  more educational opportunities increased the number of skilled workers in these groupsC.  labor unions successfully demanded equal opportunities for these groupsD.  new civil rights legislation forced businesses to change their hiring practices

_____18.  President Harry Truman justified using atomic bombs on Japan in 1945 on the grounds that theA.  world was ready for a demonstration of nuclear powerB.  Axis powers deserved total destructionC.  early ending of the war would save many livesD.  American public demanded that the bombs be used

_____19.  Which precedent was established by the Nuremberg war crimes trials?A.  National leaders can be held responsible for crimes against humanity .B.  Only individuals who actually commit murder during a war can be guilty of a crime.C.  Defeated nations cannot be forced to pay reparations.D.  Defeated nations can be occupied by the victors.

_____20.  After World War II, the United States was better able than its allies to adjust its economy from wartime to peacetime because the United StatesA.  possessed nuclear weaponsB.  raised tariffs on importsC.  had collected its war debts from the AlliesD.  had suffered no widespread wartime destruction

_____21.  After World War II, the Marshall Plan was proposed as a way toA.  improve diplomatic relations with the Soviet UnionB.  help European nations recover economicallyC.  remove nuclear weapons from Western EuropeD.  bring Nazi war criminals to justice

_____22.  During World War II, posters of Rosie the Riveter were used toA.  recruit women into wartime industriesB.  encourage women to serve in the armed forcesC.  promote women’s suffrageD.  support higher education for women

_____23.  Shortly after entering World War II, the United States began the Manhattan Project toA.  work on the development of an atomic bombB.  increase economic production to meet wartime demandsC.  defend New York City against a nuclear attackD.  recruit men for the military services

24.  What were the pros and cons of dropping the atomic bomb on Hiroshima and Nagasaki? (Provide at least two pros and two cons) _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_____25. The Nazi campaign to imprison inferior people included which of the following targets?a.Jews and Aryansb.only Jewsc.Jews, homosexuals, disabled people, Poles, Slavs, and Gypsiesd.all residents of Allied countries

_____ 26.One reason for the tension between the European powers was their intense pride in their homelands called

A. nationalism C. imperialism

B. socialism D. progressivism

_____ 27. World War I resulted in the dissolution of four empires: the Austo-Hungarian Empire, the Russian Empire, the German Empire and the

A. Chinese Empire C. Yugoslavian Empire

B. Slavic Empire D. Ottoman Empire

_____ 28. The Triple Entente included

A. Germany, Bulgaria, and Italy. C. Britain, France, and Russia.

B. Germany, Turkey, and Russia D. Britain, France, and the U.S.

_____ 29. Criticism of the war at home was effectively silenced by

A. the Committee on Public Information C. the Red Scare.

B. the Espionage and Sedition Acts. D. the Palmer Raids.

30. Describe two events that pushed the United States toward entering World War I. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_____ 31. According to the Zimmerman Telegram, if Mexico allied with Germany, Germany would

A. send troops to support the Huerta government.

B. prevent the United States from taking control of Mexico.

C. help Mexico regain Texas, New Mexico, and California.

D. help Mexico take control of Central America.

_____ 32. President Wilson called for the creation of a "general association of nations" known as the

A. United Nations C. Allies

B. League of Nations D. Central Powers

_____ 33. The event that touched off the first declaration of war in World War I was

A. the assassination of the archduke of Germany.

B. the assassination of the heir to the throne of Austria-Hungary.

C. the German invasion of Belgium.

D. the German invasion of Russia.

_____ 34. In 1908, the Serbs became furious when

A. the Ottoman Empire refused to give them independence.

B. Austria-Hungary refused them independence

C. a Slav assassinated their leader

D. Austria-Hungary annexed Bosnia

_____ 35. In World War I, airplanes were first used to

A. transport troops to the front. C. bomb enemy trenches.

B. observe enemy activities. D. bring supplies to the troops.

36. What caused inflation after World War I, and how did inflation help cause the wave of strikes in the United States? ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_____ 37. Who overthrew the Russian government in November of 1917 and established a communist government there?

A. Czar Nicolas II C. Vittorio Orlando

B. Georges Clemanceau D. Vladimir Lenin

____38. .Imperialist nations built up their military strengtha. despite the warnings of Alfred T. Mahan.b. because manufacturers insisted that they do so.c. to expand and protect their interests around the world.d. to protect extractive economies from exploitation.

____ 39. President Woodrow Wilson promised a foreign policy guided bya. “moral diplomacy.” c. “dollar diplomacy.”b. “big stick” diplomacy. d. “Boxer” diplomacy.

____ 40.World War I was caused by a variety of factors, including nationalism,a. imperialism, militarism, and entangling alliances.b. militarism, Progressivism, and chauvinism.c. Bolshevism, isolationism, and a breakdown of alliances.d. socialism, colonialism, and pacifism.

____ 41.Archduke Francis Ferdinand’s assassination triggered World War I whena. Italy’s alliance with France forced it to declare war on Germany.b. Serbia’s alliance with Germany led it to declare war on France.c. Serbia refused to comply with Austria-Hungary’s ultimatum.d. Russia refused to come to the aid of Serbia.

____ 42.Many Americans denounced Germany for its sinking of thea. Maine. c. Titanic.b. Lusitania. d. U-Boat.

____ 43. The movement of African Americans from the rural South to the industrial North in the early 1900s is known as thea. Great Migration. c. underground railroad.b. Northern Migration. d. Trail of Tears.

____ 44. President Wilson’s “peace without victory” idea formed a key part ofa. the Fourteen Points. c. the Alien Act.b. the theory of self-determination. d. the Sedition Act.

____ 45. How did the end of World War I affect the economic opportunities available to women and African Americans?a. It had little effect on either group.b. Women gained jobs, but African Americans lost them.c. It spelled the end of many economic opportunities for both groups.d. Both groups enjoyed increased opportunities after the war.

The bar graph shows the value of U.S. exports to Great Britain, France, and Germany between 1913 and 1921.

46. What does the graph suggest about the effectiveness of the naval blockade that Great Britain set up to keep essential goods from reaching Germany during World War I? ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

47. What does the graph suggest about the effectiveness of Germany’s blockade of Great Britain, which Germany enforced with its U-boats? ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_____ 48. Which division, established May 1942, marked the first avenue for female participation in WWII?

A.  WAAC (Women's army auxiliary Corps)B.  WAVES (women accepted for voluntary emergency service)C.  WAFS (women's auxiliary ferrying service)D.  WASP (women Air Force service pilots)

49. Match the following communist actions with the U.S. responses.

A. _____ Blockade of East Berlin

B. _____ Attack of Ships in Gulf of Tonkin

C. _____ Building of Missile launch sights in Cuba

D. _____ Rise of communist Governments in Central America

1. blockade

2. fund rebels

3. resolution

4. Airlift

50. How was America's involvment in Korea and Vietnam an example of efforts to halt the "Dominoe Affect?"

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51. According to the Truman Doctrine and Marshall Plan describe the concept of "containment" as it was developed in response to the threat of communist expansion?

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- A shadow has fallen upon the scenes so lately lighted by the Allied victory. Nobody knows what Soviet Russia and its Communist international organisation intends to do in the immediate future, or what are the limits, if any, to their expansive and proselytising tendencies. I have a strong admiration and regard for the valiant Russian people and for my wartime comrade, Marshal Stalin. There is deep sympathy and goodwill in Britain-and I doubt not here also-towards the peoples of all the Russias and a resolve to persevere through many differences and rebuffs in establishing lasting friendships. We understand the Russian need to be secure on her western frontiers by the removal of all possibility of German aggression. We welcome Russia to her rightful place among the leading nations of the world. We welcome her flag upon the seas. Above all, we welcome constant, frequent and growing contacts between the Russian people and our own people on both sides of the Atlantic. It is my duty however, for I am sure you would wish me to state the facts as I see them to you, to place before you certain facts about the present position in Europe.

From Stettin in the Baltic to Trieste in the Adriatic, an iron curtain has descended across the Continent. Behind that line lie all the capitals of the ancient states of Central and Eastern Europe. Warsaw, Berlin, Prague, Vienna, Budapest, Belgrade, Bucharest and Sofia, all these famous cities and the populations around them lie in what I must call the Soviet sphere, and all are subject in one form or another, not only to Soviet influence but to a very high and, in many cases, increasing measure of control from Moscow. Athens alone-Greece with its immortal glories-is free to decide its future at an election under British, American and French observation. The Russian-dominated Polish Government has been encouraged to make enormous and wrongful inroads upon Germany, and mass expulsions of millions of Germans on a scale grievous and undreamed-of are now taking place. The Communist parties, which were very small in all these Eastern States of Europe, have been raised to pre-eminence and power far beyond their numbers and are seeking everywhere to obtain totalitarian control. -Winston Churchill Westminster College, Fulton, Missouri, March 5, 1946, excerpts

Using information from Winston Churchill's speech above, answer the following questions:

52. What phrase from this selection became commonly used to describe the area under Soviet Influence during the Cold War?

A - _____________________________________

answer (Iron Curtain)

53. What areas of Europe fell under this shadow?

A - _____________________________________

answer (Central and Eastern Europe)