Weather Name: ________________________________________

and Chemistry 2014

ClimateWeather and Climate

Weather: “________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________”Climate: “________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________”

Measuring Weather ConditionsThermometer = ____________________________Wind Vane = ______________________________Rain Guage = _____________________________Barometer = ______________________________Anemometer = ____________________________Clouds = _________________________________

WeatherOccurs in the ___________________________ layer of the Earth’s atmosphere

Air temperature changes with increase or decrease in the atmosphere: _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

Term Explaining Reason for the Weather ______________________________Convection is the transfer of __________________, usually in ________________ or __________________

Since warmed air has more space between the molecules (_________________), it’s __________________and ________________

Cooled air is ______________________ (condenses) and tends to ____________◦ In general, air near the equator tends to rise and air near the poles tends to

sink

It is the atmosphere's ____________________________________________________________________ that brings us our changing weather. Coriolis effectThe coriolis effect is caused by the ____________________ of the Earth, causing air and water to be deflected to the ______________, ____________ of the equator and to the ________________ in the southern hemisphere. This effect results in a “____________________________________________”Most of our weather in the United states comes from the ___________________________________, which means our weather comes from the ________________.

REVIEW1. Weather occurs in the _____ layer of the atmosphere. ________________________________________2. Transfer of heat in liquids or gases is_____ ________________________________________

3. _____ air is dense and tends to sink. ________________________________________4. Cold air holds _____ moisture than warm air _________________________________________5. The Coriolis effect causes the air and water to be deflected to the _____ of the equator _________________________________________

Air PressurePressure depends on the amount of air above the measuring point and falls as you go higher

air pressure changes with weather Air in a high pressure area ____________________________and _____________ as it descends (drops)

the warming inhibits the formation of clouds, meaning the sky is normally sunny in high-pressure areas; _______________________________________ might form

the opposite occurs in an area of low pressureHigh Pressure Areas

When cooler air sinks and is warmed, the air ____________________________________________

This usually means ________________________________________ ____________________ tend to move ____________________________ around a high

Low Pressure Areas When warm air rises and is cooled, the air

________________________________________________ Often, these areas are associated with ____________________________________________

weather __________________tend to move _______________________________ around the low

Fronts and Air Masses An air mass is a ________________________________________ whose temperature and

moisture are __________________________ at a given_____________________ (continental polar) : cold, dry stable

(continental tropical) : hot, dry, stable air aloft, unstable at the surface (maritime polar) : cool, moist, unstable (maritime tropical) : warm, moist, unstable

Fronts are ______________________________________________________________ Warm Front : displaces ______________________

: usually ________moving

Cold Front : advances to are of ___________________________: intensity of precipitation ____________, but _______: usually approaches from ______________

Stationary Front : surface positions of the front ____________________: often a region of _____________

Occluded Front : __________ front overtakes _________ front: often found close to _____________________ center

REVIEW1. Winds in a low pressure system move _____ around the

low.

2. What type of front can be found close to point D ?

3. Which of these fronts would you expect to have greater precipitation, but be short lived as the front passes?

4. Give the name of the air mass that would have the following characteristics: cool, moist, unstable

5. That important weather word that refers to the transfer of heat.

6. This causes air and water to be deflected to the right, north of the equator.

7. Which of the weather highways usually controls our weather?

8. Warm air holds ( more or less ) moisture than cold air?

9. If there is a big H on the weather map where you live, would you expect fair or stormy weather?

10. Generally, what happens to air near the equator and air near the poles?

Bonus: What is wind?

Clouds

Cloud Formation• Rising Air

• Lifted Condensation Level / Dew Point• Condensation Nuclei

-Small droplets in the atmosphere around which cloud droplets can form• Clouds form from millions of droplets

Precipitation• Coalescence

– ___________________________________________________________________________• Precipitation

– ___________________________________________________________________________

SEVERE WEATHERA. Thunderstorms

a. Can produce some of the most ______________ weather on Earthb. May have ____________, ___________________, __________________, thunder, rain

and tornadoesc. Supercells = self-sustaining, ________________________________ storms with

intense, _____________________ updraftsd. Can last for ____________________ with updrafts up to ________________ e. _______% of storms are considered severef. Most air ____________ due to frontal zone lifting, causing _____________________

leading to _______________ clouds with updraftsg. Severe thunderstorms occur when _____________________ approaches

_________________ B. Lightening

a. Electricity caused by rapid rush of air into a ___________________________________ cloud

b. Friction between updrafts and downdrafts separate _________________________c. Positive atoms at the _________ of the cloudd. Negative atoms at the ________________ of the cloude. Transfer of energy in form of ______________, _____________________,

________________f. Lightening strike has about ____________ volts of energyg. ___________ times hotter than the sun

C. Tornadoes a. A

____________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________

b. Wind speeds can reach __________________________c. Center of tornado is extreme ___________________________ which causes

buildings to imploded. Tornado alley is from _______________________ to ________________________e. Tornado Formation

i. A change in _______________________ and ___________________ creates a horizontal rotation

ii. Strong _______________________ tilt the rotating air from horizontal to ______________

iii. A tornado forms within the rotating windsiv. Path unpredictable = storm chasers

v. Fugi Scale1. F0 = _______________________________________________________2. F1 = _______________________________________________________3. F3 = _______________________________________________________4. F4 = _______________________________________________________5. F5 = _______________________________________________________

D. Hurricanesa. Cause most ___________________________ and loss of ___________________b. Wind speeds greater than _________________ at the center

c. Begin over warm oceans of tropicsd. Solar Insolation ( water temp over 80 F) provides energy for huge

____________________, cloud formation, and _____________________________ lifting

e. Stages of hurricane formationi. Separate _________________________ over tropical oceansii. ___________________________ which causes them to pick up more

______________ and _____________________ energy from oceaniii. Wind speeds of _____________________________________ lead to Tropical

Depressioniv. Tropical Storms have lower pressure and higher wind speeds

(___________________)f. Rainfall may exceed ________________ in __________________g. Path can be watched and measured to predict path and when will arrive over

land E. Other Weather Phenomenon

a. ________________________________________________________________________b. ________________________________________________________________________c. ________________________________________________________________________d. ________________________________________________________________________e. ________________________________________________________________________