IBT & CBT

(Internet Based Testing & Computer Based Testing)

Submitted to fulfill one assignment in English Intructional Techology

Lecturer:

Novita Eka Tristiani, M.Pd

Arranged By :

Group 7

Isvia intan novita 14050036

Retno purnama sari 14050010

Dwi permata sari 14050040

Erniwanti 14050003

Pratiwi nur wijayanti 14050033

Rita normalinda 14050008

SEKOLAH TINGGI KEGURUAN DAN ILMU PENDIDIKAN

MUHAMMADIYAH PRINGSEWU LAMPUNG ( STKIP )

2017 YEAR

PREFACE

Alhamdulillahhirobil'alamin gratitude we pray that the presence of Allah SWT has

given grace and We would like to express gratitude to all those who help us to

finished this paper, both morally and materially in the form of encouragement,

because We believe without the help andsupport of them it is very difficult for us

to finish it.

In addition, the purpose of the preparation of this paper as well to add knowledge

about IBT & CBT (Internet Based Testing & Computer Based Testing)

widespread. Wealso like to thankNovita Eka Tristian, M.Pd, as our lecturer who

has guided us to be able to finish this paper.

Finally we realized that the paper is very far from perfection. Therefore, with all

humility, we accept criticism and suggestions for the preparation of the next paper

to be better. For that we thank you very much and hopefully this paper useful to

readers.

Pringsewu, 2017

Compiler

ii

TABLE OF CONTENT

COVER............................................................................................................ i

PREFACE....................................................................................................... ii

TABLE OF CONTENT................................................................................. iii

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION

A. BACKGROUND OF STUDY....................................................... 1

B. FORMULATION OF PROBLEM................................................ 2

C. PURPOSE...................................................................................... 2

CHAPTER II DISCUSSION

2.1 IBT............................................................................................... 3

2.2 CBT.............................................................................................. 3

2.3 IBT APPLICATION..................................................................... 5

CHAPTER III CLOSING

REFERENCES

iii

CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

A. BACKGROUND OF STUDY

Internet-based testing (IBT) is becoming more and more prevalent in our

industry, but it can at first be intimidating to candidates and time-intensive to

organizations. This section describes Internet-based testing in more detail,

explains its advantages, and provides suggestions and techniques for making a

smooth transition.

One of the most important steps in successfully moving from paper-and-pencil

to Internet-based examinations is a communications plan to explain the

benefits and limitations to candidates and other stakeholders. Different media,

to best reach each audience, should be used; consider published handbooks

and study guides, conferences, websites, press releases, fact sheets, white

papers, newsletters, and journals.

In addition, new policies and procedures about applications must be

communicated to candidates, which means that handbooks and study guides

must be revised. Additional customer service staff might be necessary to

answer candidate questions. And to avoid examination exposure, an

organization might need additional item development activities to support on-

demand testing; this, in turn, could involve additional committee meetings and

the costs associated with them.

If the examination is used for licensing or regulation, the organization needs to

communicate the new policies, procedures, and fees to the appropriate

agencies. In addition, the agencies might need to revise their own operating

procedures to support the change.

1

Training and education providers, especially those approved by the

organization, need information on the new Internet-based testing policies and

procedures so that they, in turn, can communicate to candidates.

These providers, as well as the general public, should have access to the

published handbooks and study guides that support the program.

B. FORMULATION OF PROBLEM

a. What is the IBT?

b. What is the CBT?

c. What is the IBT application?

C. PURPOSE

a. To know the IBT

b. To know the CBT

c. To know the IBT application

2

CHAPTER II

DISCUSSION

2.1 IBT

IBT or Internet Based Testing is a form of competence, skill or knowledge

assessment through computer or internet. Another form of IBT is Web Based

Testing (WBT) . it assesses one’s competence, skill or knowledge ( for

example : language skill ) through a website ( roever ,2001 ). WBT has the

similar characteristics with Computer Based Testing (CBT). The difference

lays on the website usage as the media in bridging test takers with test

administrator.

2.2 CBT

CBT or Computer based testing is aform of assessment or test which is carried

out through electronic devices ( electronic exam). Reffering to TCExam

(2010), electronic exam is a form exam which is carried out using computer

(PC) or other electronic devices in which response is recorded and assessed.

Other experts prefer using the term CALT (computer assisted language

testing) in which a procedure is integrated to assess language skill through

computer.

Along with the development of science and technology, CBT has become one

of the options in conducting examination by potential education providers and

students. However, in order to optimise the potential of CBT, we need to

know the adventages and disadventages of CBT. Learning technology

dissemination initiative (LTDI , 1999) suggests that the use of information and

communications technology (ICT) in languagetesting has a number of positive

characteristics, such:

1) More frequent use of formative and summative test or assessment

2) Test/assessment result is more quickly distributed to teachers so they can

prepare appropriate learning materials sooner

3

3) It provides opportunities for students to test personally (self-assessment)

by the time they are ready

4) It is able to increase students’ self esteem

5) It is more preferred by students because the result is known faster

The positive side of CBT use is also supported by seem of empirical studies

conducted by anumber of experts, such as Brown (1992), hartoyo

(2008;2010), thurlow et al (2010) and serin (2011) who found that the

implementation of computer based testing (CBT) is an innovative method in

conduting assessments which is cheaper, faster and wider than conventional

methods. In addition, CBT facilitates students who have limited or specific

conditions better.

Furthermore, some comparative studies between the tests carried out using

paper based test (PBT) and computer based testing (CBT) by clariana and

wallace (2002), vrabel (2004) in TCExam (2010) and shin (2009) also

reinforces the positive impact and benefits of the use of CBT such as the

increase of students’ achievement, the higher flexibility in learning,

independent test results, as well as more preferred by test takers.\

However, there are also a number of obstacles or disadvantages of CBT use in

language learning. Researches conducted by anumber of experts and

practitioners, such as scalise and gifford (2006), fluck et al (2009) and shin

(2009) found that the use of computers in language testing has its challenges

in the terms of knowledge and mastery of computer use, and barriers which

comes from hardware, behavior or attitude of the test participants, and the

questions format that really assesses students’ academic ability.

4

2.3 IBT example

a. drupal

Drupal is a PHP-based content management system (CMS). Drupal CMS

can also be downloaded and freely developed as it is open source. Content

management system generally can accommodate many users within an

organization to contribute to yhe website. Drupal doen’t have to be

managed by single webmaster.

Drupal has a vast potential development in various fields. Therefore,

partitioners prefers to call drupal as a generalist website. Here is the drupal

usability in general:

a. Community portal site

b. News publishing

c. Aficionado sites

d. Intranet/ soporate we sites

e. Resource directories

f. International sites

g. Education

h. Art, music, multimedia

i. Social networking sites

With all the uses described above, drupal can be developed for education

with various features. However, at this early stage we limit the field of

study by trying out drupal for IBT (Internet Based Testing). Actually drupal

is not intended for LMS (Learning Mnagement System) such as Blackboard

or Moodle. However, drupal promises ease and various usage of Blended

Learning in which it integrates between face to face learning and on-line

activities (quizzes,forums,assigments,etc). In order to know the drupal

usage in Blended Learning, a prototype is lauunched for IBT purposes on

several courses in English Department state, University of Semarang

(hartoyo,2011).

5

The drupal based IBT was conducted five times for two classes of history

of English language and culture course, two classes of Australian studies

course, and linguistic and educational research course. Generally, drupal

based IBT offers functionality in which it has various quiz types,

multimedia compatibility, good administration and management

practicality. The outline of IBT application is stated as follows:

1. Administrator provided IBT, students’ username and password, and

polls.

2. Students visited “hartoyomedia.00space.com”.

3. Students logged in to the website using username and password given.

4. Students did the quiz.

5. Students filled out on-line polls after they have finished doing the quiz.

6. Students updated students account and change students password fro

security reason.

7. Administrator managed IBT result and polls.

b. Concerns

1. Advantages

There are some advantages can be inferred from the prototype of drupal

based IBT application.

Various quiz types,

Scoring flexibility,

Multimedia compatibility,

Systematic data base and administration,

Ease and secure usage,

Stable, secure, and robust performance.

Although teacher doen’t have expertise in programming language, he

can develop drupal website using various interesting modules. For

example quiz module which enables teachern to conduct IBT. Basically

the quiz types are true false, matching, multiple choices, short answer,

6

long answer, and story. Quiz may be integrated with sound, picture,

video, or flash movie. Teacher also will be benefited by reliable quiz

scoring and administration as well as systematic database. Quiz scoring

can be adjusted to manual scoring is available. The further

development, teacher can install gradebook module as students’ report,

learning activities, assignments,etc. Drupal also enables administrator

(teacher) to manage users’ role whether the user is test taker, teacher,

administrator, or others.

2. Obstacles

a. Development

There were some obstacles to consider in developing drupal:

1. Internet connection.

Downloading drupal core and modules need robust internet

connection.

2. Human resource.

This problem emerger because the developer/ researcher has

limited skill in developing website as a beginner. However, by

realising the huge benefit researcher needs to hone his skill.

3. Time allocation

In order to get a good websites with appealling appearance and

functionality developer needs enough time allocation. Bear in

mind that a website is not a one shot project, however, a

continous project.

4. Hosting

The IBT prototype was hosted to a free hosting

“000space.com”. i served well, however the disk capacity and

services was limited. In order to get better service it is suggested

to use commercial hosting. By considering this reason, website

with the URL “hartoyomedia.000space.com” was upgrraded to

“hartoyomedia.com”

7

b. Application

While the obstacles found in IBT application were:

1. Notebook availability

Not all of the students has notebook, so that some of them

had to borrow from their friend.

2. Internet connection

Almost all of students used wireless hot spot services

provided by the department, and only few of them used

personal modem. The internet connection was very limited

to accommodate test takers as a result the connection was

slow.

3. Power outlet

Power outlet availability needs to consuder. Many

notebooks had to be recharged before test takers finished

doing the test. Unfortunately power outlets were not enough.

4. Students’ honesty

The major concern in IBT application is students’ honesty,

because internet provides “ unlimited “ information in

almost all fiels, student could easily browse to the references

they needed. Better system and better attitude is absolutely

needed.

8

CHAPTER III

CLOSING

Today, CBT is a broad-based industry that encompasses a large variety of

assessment types, purposes, test delivery designs, and item types appropriated for

educational accountability and achievement testing, college and graduate

admission testing, professional certification and licensure testing, psychological

testing, intelligence testing, language testing, employment testing, adult

education, military use. The delivery of CBT has also undergone many changes

from the early days of “dumb” terminals connected to a mainframe or

minicomputer. CBTs can be administered on networked PC workstations,

personal computers (PCs), laptops, netbooks, and even hand-held devices such as

smart phones and tablet computers. Testing locations or sites include dedicated

CBT centers, classrooms or computer labs in schools, colleges, and universities.

9

REFERENCE

Hartoyo, ICT in Language Learning.Pelita Insani Semarang. 2012.

Richard M. Luecht and Stephen G. Sireci. A Review of Models for Computer-Based Testing. College Board. University of North Carolina at Greensboro. 2011

http://www.castleworldwide.com/cww/knowledge-center/entry/transitioning-paper-based-testing-to-internet-based-testing access on May, 4th 2017 at 9.50 AM

10