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26. THE ENLIGHTENMENTDO NOW:

(5 minutes)

1. What is today’s Academic Objective?__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Mini-Lesson:

Steps:1. Read the Question.

2. Identify useful evidence by annotating the text.

3. Restate the Question + Answer.Chunk 1:

Vocab-

Violation - the action of failing to show respect

Vocab-

Repeal - to take back, or to cancel, a law

The Enlightenment The Enlightenment Period began in the 1600’s when people began to questions the rules and laws of England’s government and why they were following them. Some of these people known as philosophers (people who study philosophy, the search for wisdom or knowledge) wrote books challenging England’s governmental practices. The Enlightenment received its name because for the first time, people “saw the light” and woke up from being under the trance of always following England’s rules. People began to not only question the laws, the purpose they served, who benefitted from them, who created them, etc.…, but also had ideas about how laws should be. There were two philosophers during this time period that had the biggest impact on the colonists 4,000 miles away.

What was the Enlightenment?______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________**************************************************************************************Partner Assessment Score:_______/4.0Glow - _______________________________________________________________Grow -_______________________________________________________________

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Chunk 2: John Locke John Locke was a philosopher from England who during the Enlightenment Period wrote a book in 1689 called the Two Treatises of Government which detailed how government should be as well as the rights of its people. In his book, Locke argued that people formed governments to protect their natural rights (rights that belonged to all humans from birth which included life, liberty, and property). Locke believed a government’s obligation was to the people it promised to protect. He also believed governments should be formed by the people and not Kings or Queens. It was these views that influenced not only the colonists’ decision to declare their independence from Great Britain, but also Thomas Jefferson’s choice of words when writing the Declaration of Independence. Below is more of Locke’s thoughts on government as stated in his book:

● All individuals are equal; they are born with certain "inalienable" natural rights. That is, rights that are God-given and can never be taken or even given away. Among these natural rights, are "life, liberty, and property."

● Government powers are limited to those the people have consented (to give permission) to give it to

● If a government violates its people with "a long train of abuses" over an extended period, the people have the right to resist, alter or abolish that government, and create a new political system.

● The people must obey the laws of their rulers they have elected to rule them. Thus, a sort of social contract (an agreement among the members of a society to cooperate for social benefits; ex: sacrificing some individual freedom for state protection) exists between the rulers and the ruled.

How did John Locke influence the Declaration of Independence?________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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**************************************************************************************Partner Assessment Score:_______/4.0Glow - ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Grow - ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Chunk 3:

Vocab-

Retain - continue to have

Thomas Paine

Thomas Paine was another philosopher who during the Enlightenment Period wrote about the problems of England’s government in a pamphlet called Common Sense in 1776 which listed the many reasons why colonists needed to separate from Britain. The pamphlet explained the advantages of and the need for immediate independence in clear, simple language. He gave several reasons why the colonists needed to breakaway from Great Britain. He believed the Colonies had all the right to revolt against a government that forced taxes on them but did not give them the right of representation (no taxation without representation). In Common Sense, Paine states that sooner or later independence from England must come, because America had lost touch with the mother country. In his words, all the arguments for separation from England are based on nothing more than simple facts, plain arguments and common sense (hence the title of the Paine’s pamphlet). He believed government was a necessary evil but would only be safe when it was representative of its people and changed by frequent elections. The function of government in society should to be as simple as possible. Below is a list of reasons he outlined in his pamphlet stating why separation from the king was necessary:

● America was not a "British nation"; but was made up of influences and peoples from all of Europe.

● Even if Britain were the "mother country" of America, that made her actions all the more horrible, because no mother would harm her children so brutally.

● Being a part of Britain would drag America into unnecessary European wars

● The distance between the two nations made ruling the colonies from England difficult

● If a complaint was sent to Parliament (Britain’s government), it would take a year before the colonies received a response.

● Britain ruled the colonies for her own benefit, and did not consider the best interests of the colonists

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How did Thomas Paine influence the American people?________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________**************************************************************************************Partner Assessment Score:_______/4.0Glow - _______________________________________________________________Grow -_______________________________________________________________

Chunk 4:

Vocab-

Boycott - to refuse to buy one or more goods from a certain source. An organized refusal by many people is also called a boycott

Other Notable Enlightenment Thinkers

Jean-Jacques Rousseau:Born: 1712Died: 1778Nationality: Genevan (Swiss...the French speaking part of Switzerland)Philosophy:The Social Contract Theory -People have a moral and/or political agreement among them to form the society in which they live.Rousseau believed that society created its government and therefore the law was morality because it was created by the people, and thus was a social contract.Quotations:“Man is born free and everywhere he

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is in chains.”“Nature never deceives us; it is we who deceive ourselves.”

Baron de Montesquieu:Born: 1689Died: 1755Nationality: FrenchPhilosophy:Separation of Powers -Montesquieu believed that man is born good, but is corrupted by society. He argued that powers should be spread across different branches of government. He invented the idea of executive, legislative, and judicial branches of government. He believed different branches should be able to limit each other. Today, we call this ability Check & Balances. He felt that limited power was necessary for the success of society. We now call this limited government.Quotations:“Constant experience shows us that every man invested with power is apt to abuse it.”“You have to study a great deal to know a little.”“In a true state of nature...all men are born equal, but they cannot continue in this equality. Society makes them lose it.”

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Voltaire:Born: 1694Died: 1778Nationality: FrenchPhilosophy: Freedom of Religion, Freedom of Speech, Separation of Church and State, Rejection of Bigotry and Superstition, Belief in Reason & ToleranceVoltaire traveled from Catholic France to Protestant England to publish his writing that was critical of the Roman Catholic Church. While there, he decided to stay for two years. He learned English and wrote about how he admired the diversity of Protestant religious beliefs between the people who would come together to trade in London. He wrote that greater diversity of beliefs brought greater peace and equality in England. He wrote about John Locke and Isaac Newton while he was there. People in France didn’t know about these people. Voltaire heard the story of Isaac Newton discovering gravity from Newton’s niece. Voltaire wrote about it, and that is why children in school now know about the apple falling on Isaac Newton’s head. Otherwise, the story would not have become popular. Voltaire spent his life fighting superstition, intolerance, and irrational behavior of every kind.Quotations:“Opinion rules the world, but in the long run it is the philosophers who shape this opinion.”“If god had not existed, it would have been necessary to invent him.”“I disapprove of what you say, but I will defend to the death your right to say it.” (He did not really say this, but history contributes the idea to

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his teachings.)“Common sense is not so common.”“Think for yourselves and let others enjoy the privilege to do so, too.”“Doubt is not a pleasant condition, but certainty is absurd.”“Those who can make you believe absurdities can make you commit atrocities.”

Adam Smith:Born: 1723Died: 1790Nationality: ScottishPhilosophy:Capitalism -Adam Smith wanted to make nations and people happier. Developed a theory of Specialization. He predicted that national economies would become hugely richer the more specialized their work forces became. Smith believed that consumer societies produced enough wealth to care for the impoverished. He believed capitalism should create money from goods and services to fulfill people’s lives in ways that go beyond consumerism but still need to be funded.Quotations:“The real tragedy of the poor is the poverty of their aspirations.”“All money is a matter of belief.”“Wherever there is great property, there is great inequality... for one very rich man, there must be at least five hundred poor.”

Who is your favorite Enlightenment Thinker and why?______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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**************************************************************************************Partner Assessment Score:_______/4.0Glow - _______________________________________________________________Grow -_______________________________________________________________

Exit Ticket –

Why was the Enlightenment significant?____________________________________________________________________________________________

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Rate your understanding of today’s Learning Target: (circle one)1 - 2 - 3 - 4 - 5

Did you meet today’s Learning Target? Why or Why not?______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________What helped you the most with today’s lesson?______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________What literacy strategies did you use to complete today’s lesson? (Circle each)

(Restate + Answer) - (RACES Paragraph) - (Annotation) - (Accountable Talk Stems)

(Proficiency Scale) - (Believing & Doubting) - (STEAL Characterization)

(Open Ended Questions) - (Socratic Seminar) - (Cornell Notes) - (Frayer Model - Vocab)

(Venn Diagram) - (Web) - (Word Splash) - (Timeline) - (T-Chart) - (Story Mountain)

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(Proofreading Marks) - (Writer’s Workshop) - (Glow & Grow) - (Musts & Mights)

(Interactive Notes) - (Debate) - (A-Z Brainstorm) - (Checklists) - (Inquiry)

---------------------STOP HERE--------------------Grades: Assignment Grade: ________/10

Proficiency Scale Score:

Teacher Feedback:

Glow:

(Annotate) (Restate Fully) (Answer Accurately)

(Clearly Explain Answer) (Clearly Explain Evidence)

Other:

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Grow:

(Annotate) (Restate Fully) (Answer Accurately)

(Clearly Explain Answer) (Clearly Explain Evidence)

(“This means that”) (“,which proves that”) (“In the text it states”) (Finish Work)

Other:

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Scholar Response:

Student Response:

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