Name __________________________________ Date _____________________ Section _____________IB Biology HL Mrs. Johny

Respiration and Photosynthesis Exam Practice

This is a large comprehensive review, it will count as a 50 point secondary assessment grade. It must be handwritten

Respiration

ATP

1. Draw and annotate a molecule of ATP to show how it stores and releases energy.

2. List six cellular processes that use ATP as a source of energy.

Cell Respiration

3. Define cell respiration.

The ______________________ release of ________________ in the form of _____________

from _______________________________ in cells.

4. State the word and symbol equations for the process of cell respiration.

Word:

Symbol:

5. Identify two organic molecules, other than glucose, which could be used for respiration.

Name __________________________________ Date _____________________ Section _____________IB Biology HL Mrs. Johny

6. Identify the two components of the cell in which respiration takes place.

7. Distinguish between aerobic and anaerobic in terms of cell respiration.

8. Label the diagram of aerobic cell respiration below.

9. Label the diagram of anaerobic cell respiration below.

10. Complete the table below, comparing aerobic and anaerobic respiration.

Aerobic Anaerobic

Hexose sugar input in both types of respiration

Oxygen in

2 ATP produced

Name __________________________________ Date _____________________ Section _____________IB Biology HL Mrs. Johny

Pyruvate as an intermediate compound in both types of

respiration

Yeast Animals

Carbon dioxide produced

Water produced

11. Complete the table below summarizing the events of aerobic cell respiration. Reaction Location Purpose ATP yield

Glycolysis 2

Matrix of the mitochondrion

Convert pyruvate (3C) to acetyl CoA (2C)

0

Krebs Cycle

Inner mitochondrial membrane

Oxidative phosphorylation

12. Label the diagram below with the correct processes, locations and compounds:

Name __________________________________ Date _____________________ Section _____________IB Biology HL Mrs. Johny

13. Explain how end-product inhibition controls the rate of ATP production.

Name __________________________________ Date _____________________ Section _____________IB Biology HL Mrs. Johny

14. Many reactions in living things can be classified as either oxidation or reduction reactions.These are particularly important in cell respiration and photosynthesis. Complete the table below to compare oxidation and reduction reactions.

OXIDATION REDUCTION

Electrons are… lost

Oxygen is…

Hydrogen is…

15. Define phosphorylation.

16. List two ways in which phosphorylation is used in cell respiration. ● ●

17. In the space below, draw a diagram to show the process of glycolysis. Include phosporylation, lysis, oxidation and ATP formation.

Name __________________________________ Date _____________________ Section _____________IB Biology HL Mrs. Johny

18. Explain the link reaction, including oxidative decarboxylation and conversion of pyruvate to acetyl CoA and CO2.

19. The link reaction produces Acetyl CoA (2C) from the input substrate (usually pyruvate). The extra carbon is released as carbon dioxide. Acetyl CoA can also be produced from fatty acids. When the fatty acid chain contains an even number of carbons, no CO2 is released. How many Acetyl CoA molecules can be produced with the following fatty acids?

a. 23C b. 18C c. 31C

20. Draw and label a diagram showing the structure of the mitochondrion as seen in a TEM image. Include the inner and outer mitochondrial membranes, matrix, christae, mitochondrial DNA and ribosomes and a scale bar.

21. Complete the table below with the functions of the structures of the mitochondrion. How is each structure adapted to help maximize efficiency of respiration?

Structure: Function: Adapted to increase efficiency by:

Outer membrane

Inner membrane

(including christae)

Matrix

Mitochondrial DNA and ribosomes

Name __________________________________ Date _____________________ Section _____________IB Biology HL Mrs. Johny

Inter-membrane space

22. What is an electron carrier?

23. List two electron carriers that are used in cell respiration. ● ●

24. State the final destination of electron carriers produced in the Krebs Cycle.

25. In the space below, draw a diagram of the Krebs cycle. Include formation of citrate, oxidation, decarboxylation, substrate-level phosphorylation (ATP formation) and production of electron carriers.

26. Identify compounds in cell respiration that contain: Six carbons

Four carbons

Three carbons

Two carbons

Name __________________________________ Date _____________________ Section _____________IB Biology HL Mrs. Johny

One carbons

Zero carbons

27. Annotate the diagram below with the stages of the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation. Include generation of a H+ concentration gradient in the inter-membrane space, movement of electrons, oxidative phosphorylation by ATP synthase, use of O2 as the terminal electron acceptor

28. In the space below, using the term ‘chemiosmosis’, describe how ATP synthase works.

Name __________________________________ Date _____________________ Section _____________IB Biology HL Mrs. Johny

Name __________________________________ Date _____________________ Section _____________IB Biology HL Mrs. Johny

29. Name (with reasons) three tissues in the body that contain high numbers of mitochondria.

Tissue Reason

Muscle

30. Explain why high levels of lactic acid might be found in an athlete’s blood test, post-exercise.

31. Explain why ATP yield in aerobic cell respiration is so much higher than in anaerobic respiration. (Long answer question – think about knock-on effects of reduced O2). 8 marks

Link question:

32. Draw and annotate sketch graphs of the effects of the following variables on rate of respiration – temperature, CoA concentration, pH.

Name __________________________________ Date _____________________ Section _____________IB Biology HL Mrs. Johny

Sample exam questions:

Practice these in your own time.

● Describe the role of Acetyl CoA in the metabolism of lipids. (2 marks)

● Explain chemiosmosis as it occurs in respiration. (2 marks)

● Explain the process of aerobic respiration, including oxidative phosphorylation (8 marks)

● Compare aerobic and anaerobic respiration, including yield of ATP. (8 marks)

Interesting reading:

● Nobel prizewinners: Krebs and Lipmann:

http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1953/

Photosynthesis Review

33. Define photosynthesis

34. Write a word equation and balanced symbol equation for the process of photosynthesis. Word:

Symbol

Name __________________________________ Date _____________________ Section _____________IB Biology HL Mrs. Johny

35. Glucose is a product of photosynthesis. It can be used directly in respiration, stored as starch or converted to glucose. a. Distinguish between the functions of starch and cellulose.

Starch:

Cellulose:

b. Identify and outline the process of condensation to form a disaccharide.

c. Explain why a plant which is left in the dark for a long period of time will test negative for starch.

Name __________________________________ Date _____________________ Section _____________IB Biology HL Mrs. Johny

36. Light from the Sun is composed of a range of wavelengths (colours). a. Outline the properties of these wavelengths of light:

Wavelength (nm) 10-400 400-500 500-650 700-800 0.8-1000µm

Name Ultraviolet Infra-red

Photosynthesis? No No

Visible? No Yes Yes Yes No

Energy Very High Low

Frequency Very High Low

37. State the name of the photosynthetic pigment and its location in green plants. Name: ________________________ Location: ______________________________

38. Distinguish between action and absorption spectra for photosynthesis. Action:

Absorption:

39. In the space below, draw a graph showing the action and absorption spectra for chlorophyll. Annotate the diagram to show why leaves appear green.

Name __________________________________ Date _____________________ Section _____________IB Biology HL Mrs. Johny

Leaves appear green because…

Name __________________________________ Date _____________________ Section _____________IB Biology HL Mrs. Johny

40. Summarise the two main stages of photosynthesis:

Input Outcome

Light-dependent reactions

Light energy is used to…

Light independent

reactions

41. Define rate, with regard to reactions.

42. Explain how the rate of photosynthesis can be measured directly and indirectly.

Direct Measurement 1

Product:

Explanation:

Direct Measurement 2

Product:

Explanation:

Name __________________________________ Date _____________________ Section _____________IB Biology HL Mrs. Johny

Indirect Measurement

Outcome:

Explanation:

43. Outline the effects of the following variables on the rate of photosynthesis.Sketch and annotate a graph for each one.

Light intensity

Note: light intensity is not the same as wavelength or frequency. Light intensity refers to the amount of light of a given wavelength which is available to the plant. Light intensity is high at the equator, in the summer or at midday.

Temperature

Name __________________________________ Date _____________________ Section _____________IB Biology HL Mrs. Johny

Carbon dioxide concentration

Name __________________________________ Date _____________________ Section _____________IB Biology HL Mrs. Johny

44. In the space below, draw and label a diagram of a chloroplast, as seen under a TEM. Include thylakoid membranes and thylakoid spaces, stroma, granum, chloroplast envelope and a scale bar. Annotate the diagram with the function of each component and the way it is adapted to increased efficiency.

45. Photosynthesis consists of two stages: light dependent and light independent reactions.

a. Define photolysis

b. Define photophosphorylation

c. Define carbon fixation

46. Explain what happens to an electron when it is excited by photons of light.

47. Annotate the diagram below to explain the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis.

Name __________________________________ Date _____________________ Section _____________IB Biology HL Mrs. Johny

Include photolysis, photophosphorylation (and chemiosmosis), movement of electrons, generation of a H+ gradient using a proton pump, reduction of NADP+

48. Identify the two products of the light-dependent reactions which are carried through to the light- independent reactions.

o o

49. What is the name of the 5-carbon compound present in the Calvin cycle? o

50. Define carboxylation and decarboxylation.

51. In the space below, draw a diagram to explain the cycle of reactions that occur in the light-independent stages of photosynthesis. Include carboxylation of RuBP to glycerate-3-phosphate

Name __________________________________ Date _____________________ Section _____________IB Biology HL Mrs. Johny

by rubisco, reduction to triose phosphate, formation of glucose phosphate and reformation of RuBP.

A limiting factor is the one factor which is in shortest supply or is preventing the rate of a reaction from increasing. If this factor were increased, rate of reaction would increase until another plateau was reached (a different factor is then limiting).

52. Explain how the following factors can limit the rate of photosynthesis of green plants: (give reasons specific to the reactions of photosynthesis)

Factor Which stages of photosynthesis are limited and how?

Carbon dioxide concentration Low CO2 means less carbon can be fixed from the atmosphere in the Calvin cycle. Output of glucose is reduced and RuBP builds up.

Light intensity

Temperature

53. Using the graph below, deduce, with reasons, the most important limiting factor in the

Name __________________________________ Date _____________________ Section _____________IB Biology HL Mrs. Johny

rate of photosynthesis of this green plant.

54. Compare photosynthesis and respiration. Take time to think about all the connections – reactions, structures, products and processes.

Cell Respiration Photosynthesis

Similarities

Differences