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Chapter 22 Earth's Evolution Through Geologic TimeEarth: An Introduction to Physical Geology
22.1
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Multiple-Choice Questions1)
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Which of the following gases was NOT part of Earth's original atmosphere? A)
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water vapor B)
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carbon dioxide C)
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nitrogen D)
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oxygen E)
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both A and C Answer :
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D
2)
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The most common Precambrian fossils are ________, layered mounds of calcium carbonate. A)
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prokaryotes B)
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chert C)
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trilobites D)
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stromatolites E)
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none of the above Answer :
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D
3)
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The ________ era is known as the "age of flowering plants." A)
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Precambrian B)
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Paleozoic C)
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Cenozoic D)
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Devonian E)
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Silurian Answer :
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C
4)
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________ are among the most widespread Paleozoic fossils. A)
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Stromatolites B)
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Birds C)
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Dinosaurs D)
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Salamanders E)
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Brachiopods Answer :
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E
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5)
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As the solar system began forming, the first materials to condense into small particles were ________ and nickel.
A)
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oxygen B)
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silicon C)
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nitrogen D)
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carbon E)
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none of the above Answer :
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E
6)
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Which one of the following represents the greatest expanse of geological time? A)
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Mesozoic B)
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Cenozoic C)
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Precambrian D)
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Paleozoic Answer :
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C
7)
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During the early Paleozoic era, the current continents of South America, Africa, Australia, Antarctica, India, and perhaps China comprised the vast southern continent of ________.
A)
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Europe B)
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Laurasia C)
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Gondwanaland D)
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Antindia E)
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Pangaea Answer :
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C
8)
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Which type of bacteria thrives in environments that lack free oxygen? A)
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aerobic B)
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placental C)
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anaerobic D)
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foraminifera E)
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photosynthetic Answer :
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C
9)
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Which era of geologic time spans about 88% of Earth's history? A)
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Precambrian B)
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Paleozoic C)
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Mesozoic D)
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Cenozoic E)
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none of the above Answer :
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A
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10)
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The ________ means "the sun in the making." A)
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solar disk B)
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presun C)
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nebular sun D)
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sol E)
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protosun Answer :
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E
11)
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Mammals became the dominant land animals during the ________ era. A)
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Pleistocene B)
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Cenozoic C)
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Cretaceous D)
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Mesozoic E)
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Paleozoic Answer :
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B
12)
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The ________ period was a time of major extinctions, including 75 percent of amphibian families.
A)
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Jurassic B)
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Mississippian C)
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Permian D)
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Pennsylvanian E)
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Devonian Answer :
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C
13)
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The beginning of the Cambrian Period marks an important event in animal evolution — the appearance of organisms with ________.
A)
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wings B)
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cells C)
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hard parts D)
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vertebrae E)
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none of the above Answer :
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C
14)
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The era of "ancient life" is the ________ era. A)
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Cenozoic B)
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Precambrian C)
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Neolithic D)
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Mesozoic E)
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none of the above Answer :
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E
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15)
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Due to a virtual absence of land plants and certain animals, fossil fuels are notably absent in ________ rocks.
A)
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Precambrian B)
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Paleozoic C)
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Mesozoic D)
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Cenozoic E)
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Paleozoic and Mesozoic Answer :
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A
16)
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The major source of free oxygen in the atmosphere is from ________. A)
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molten rock B)
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water C)
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green plants D)
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silicate minerals E)
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glaciers Answer :
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C
17)
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The age of Earth is about ________. A)
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2 billion years B)
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4.5 million years C)
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16 million years D)
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4.5 billion years E)
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195 million years Answer :
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D
18)
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The Precambrian rock record indicates that much of Earth's first free oxygen combined with ________ dissolved in water.
A)
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potassium B)
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silicon C)
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iron D)
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carbon E)
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none of the above Answer :
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C
19)
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Which one of the following does NOT characterize the early development and specialization of the primitive mammals?
A)
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increase in size B)
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increase in stomach capacity C)
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increase in brain capacity D)
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specialization of limbs E)
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specialization of teeth Answer :
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B
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20)
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As they formed, due to their high temperatures and comparatively weak gravitational fields, which planets were unable to retain appreciable amounts of hydrogen, helium, and ammonia?
A)
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Jupiter and Neptune B)
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Mercury and Earth C)
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Uranus and Pluto D)
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Jupiter and Uranus E)
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Neptune and Uranus Answer :
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B
21)
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Abundant fossil evidence did not appear in the geologic record until about ________. A)
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5 billion years ago B)
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6 million years ago C)
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550 million years ago D)
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300 million years ago E)
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3 billion years ago Answer :
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C
22)
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During the late Paleozoic, the present-day North America, Europe, western Asia, Siberia, and perhaps China formed the northern continent of ________.
A)
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Gondwanaland B)
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Laurasia C)
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Greenland D)
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Africa E)
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none of the above Answer :
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B
23)
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Most ________ rocks are devoid of fossils, which hinders correlation of rocks. A)
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Precambrian B)
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Paleozoic C)
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Mesozoic D)
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Cenozoic E)
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Mesozoic and Cenozoic Answer :
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A
24)
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The ________ period is sometimes called the "golden age of trilobites." A)
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Cambrian B)
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Silurian C)
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Pennsylvanian D)
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Devonian E)
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Triassic Answer :
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A
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25)
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________ means "planets in the making." A)
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Jovian B)
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Asteroids C)
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Terrestrial D)
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Protoplanets E)
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none of the above Answer :
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D
26)
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The process in which plants use light energy to synthesize food sugars from carbon dioxide is called ________.
A)
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photosynthesis B)
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hydration C)
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oxidation D)
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fusion E)
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none of the above Answer :
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A
27)
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The beginning of the ________ era is marked by the appearance of the first life forms with hard parts.
A)
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Precambrian B)
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Paleozoic C)
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Mesozoic D)
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Cenozoic Answer :
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B
28)
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Each continent contains large "core areas" of Precambrian rocks referred to as ________. A)
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rifts B)
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plates C)
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plateaus D)
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shields E)
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none of the above Answer :
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D
29)
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By the close of the Paleozoic, all the continents had fused into the single super continent of ________.
A)
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Laurasia B)
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Pangaea C)
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Appalachia D)
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Gondwanaland E)
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Europa Answer :
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B
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30)
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Earth's primitive atmosphere evolved from gases ________. A)
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produced by radioactive decay B)
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collected from the nebula C)
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escaping from water D)
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from the sun E)
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expelled from within Answer :
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E
31)
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The most economically important resource in Cenozoic strata of the Gulf Coast is ________. A)
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petroleum B)
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carbon C)
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coal D)
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fresh water E)
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iron Answer :
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A
32)
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The waste gas released by plants as they synthesize food sugars from carbon dioxide and water is ________.
A)
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oxygen B)
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methane C)
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nitrogen D)
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carbon dioxide E)
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none of the above Answer :
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A
33)
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Most of Earth's iron ore occurs in middle ________ rocks. A)
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Precambrian B)
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Paleozoic C)
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Mesozoic D)
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Cenozoic Answer :
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A
34)
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The first true terrestrial animals were the ________. A)
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mammals B)
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reptiles C)
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lobe-finned fish D)
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trilobites E)
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marsupials Answer :
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B
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35)
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This least understood era of Earth's history has not been subdivided into briefer time units. A)
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Precambrian B)
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Paleozoic C)
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Mesozoic D)
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Cenozoic Answer :
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A
36)
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During the ________ Period, large evaporite deposits of rock salt and gypsum formed in North America.
A)
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Cambrian B)
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Silurian C)
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Pennsylvanian D)
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Jurassic E)
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Tertiary Answer :
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B
37)
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The supercontinent of Pangaea began to breakup during the ________ Era. A)
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Precambrian B)
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Paleozoic C)
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Mesozoic D)
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Cenozoic Answer :
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C
38)
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Which era is sometimes called the "age of dinosaurs"? A)
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Pleistocene B)
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Cenozoic C)
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Cretaceous D)
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Mesozoic E)
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none of the above Answer :
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D
39)
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During the ________ Era, the westward-moving North American plate began to override the Pacific plate, eventually causing the tectonic activity that ultimately formed the mountains of western North America.
A)
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Precambrian B)
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Paleozoic C)
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Mesozoic D)
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Cenozoic E)
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none of the above Answer :
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C
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40)
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By the ________ period, large tropical swamps extended across North America, eventually becoming the vast coal deposits of today.
A)
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Cambrian B)
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Silurian C)
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Pennsylvanian D)
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Devonian E)
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Triassic Answer :
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C
41)
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One group of reptiles, exemplified by the fossil Archaeopteryx, led to the evolution of ________.
A)
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dinosaurs B)
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mammals C)
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cephalopods D)
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birds E)
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horses Answer :
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D
42)
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Which period is known as the "age of fishes"? A)
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Jurassic B)
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Mississippian C)
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Permian D)
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Pennsylvanian E)
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Devonian Answer :
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E
43)
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During the Cenozoic, plate interactions gave rise to many events of mountain building, volcanism, and earthquakes in ________ North America.
A)
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western B)
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central C)
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eastern D)
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southern E)
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northern Answer :
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A
44)
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The cells of these primitive organisms lack organized nuclei and they reproduce asexually. A)
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trilobites B)
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eukaryotes C)
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prokaryotes D)
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brachiopods E)
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none of the above Answer :
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C
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45)
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Following the reptilian extinctions at the close of the Mesozoic, two groups of mammals, the marsupials and ________, evolved.
A)
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eukaryotes B)
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cephalopods C)
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trilobites D)
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placentals E)
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stromatolites Answer :
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D
46)
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The theory for the origin of the solar system is known as the ________ hypothesis. A)
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Big Bang B)
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nebular C)
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terrestrial D)
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solar E)
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none of the above Answer :
![Page 328: sophiasapiens.chez.comsophiasapiens.chez.com/geologie/Introduction-to-Physica… · Web viewforaminifera . E) photosynthetic . Answer: C . 9) Which era of geologic time spans about](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051721/5a913dca7f8b9a4a268e8ea2/html5/thumbnails/328.jpg)
B
22.2
![Page 329: sophiasapiens.chez.comsophiasapiens.chez.com/geologie/Introduction-to-Physica… · Web viewforaminifera . E) photosynthetic . Answer: C . 9) Which era of geologic time spans about](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051721/5a913dca7f8b9a4a268e8ea2/html5/thumbnails/329.jpg)
Word Analysis QuestionsExamine the words and/or phrases for each question below and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Choose the option which does not fit the pattern.
1)
![Page 330: sophiasapiens.chez.comsophiasapiens.chez.com/geologie/Introduction-to-Physica… · Web viewforaminifera . E) photosynthetic . Answer: C . 9) Which era of geologic time spans about](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051721/5a913dca7f8b9a4a268e8ea2/html5/thumbnails/330.jpg)
A) Paleozoic B) Precambrian C) Mesozoic D) Cenozoic Answer :
![Page 331: sophiasapiens.chez.comsophiasapiens.chez.com/geologie/Introduction-to-Physica… · Web viewforaminifera . E) photosynthetic . Answer: C . 9) Which era of geologic time spans about](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051721/5a913dca7f8b9a4a268e8ea2/html5/thumbnails/331.jpg)
Precambrian
2)
![Page 332: sophiasapiens.chez.comsophiasapiens.chez.com/geologie/Introduction-to-Physica… · Web viewforaminifera . E) photosynthetic . Answer: C . 9) Which era of geologic time spans about](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051721/5a913dca7f8b9a4a268e8ea2/html5/thumbnails/332.jpg)
A) protoplanet B) planetesimal C) supercontinent D) protosun Answer :
![Page 333: sophiasapiens.chez.comsophiasapiens.chez.com/geologie/Introduction-to-Physica… · Web viewforaminifera . E) photosynthetic . Answer: C . 9) Which era of geologic time spans about](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051721/5a913dca7f8b9a4a268e8ea2/html5/thumbnails/333.jpg)
supercontinent
3)
![Page 334: sophiasapiens.chez.comsophiasapiens.chez.com/geologie/Introduction-to-Physica… · Web viewforaminifera . E) photosynthetic . Answer: C . 9) Which era of geologic time spans about](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051721/5a913dca7f8b9a4a268e8ea2/html5/thumbnails/334.jpg)
A) Pangaea B) North America C) Rodinia D) Gondwana Answer :
![Page 335: sophiasapiens.chez.comsophiasapiens.chez.com/geologie/Introduction-to-Physica… · Web viewforaminifera . E) photosynthetic . Answer: C . 9) Which era of geologic time spans about](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051721/5a913dca7f8b9a4a268e8ea2/html5/thumbnails/335.jpg)
North America
4)
![Page 336: sophiasapiens.chez.comsophiasapiens.chez.com/geologie/Introduction-to-Physica… · Web viewforaminifera . E) photosynthetic . Answer: C . 9) Which era of geologic time spans about](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051721/5a913dca7f8b9a4a268e8ea2/html5/thumbnails/336.jpg)
A) oxygen B) outgasssing C) water vapor D) carbon dioxide Answer :
![Page 337: sophiasapiens.chez.comsophiasapiens.chez.com/geologie/Introduction-to-Physica… · Web viewforaminifera . E) photosynthetic . Answer: C . 9) Which era of geologic time spans about](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051721/5a913dca7f8b9a4a268e8ea2/html5/thumbnails/337.jpg)
oxygen
5)
![Page 338: sophiasapiens.chez.comsophiasapiens.chez.com/geologie/Introduction-to-Physica… · Web viewforaminifera . E) photosynthetic . Answer: C . 9) Which era of geologic time spans about](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051721/5a913dca7f8b9a4a268e8ea2/html5/thumbnails/338.jpg)
A) mammals B) reptiles C) gymnosperms D) dinosaurs Answer :
![Page 339: sophiasapiens.chez.comsophiasapiens.chez.com/geologie/Introduction-to-Physica… · Web viewforaminifera . E) photosynthetic . Answer: C . 9) Which era of geologic time spans about](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051721/5a913dca7f8b9a4a268e8ea2/html5/thumbnails/339.jpg)
mammals
![Page 340: sophiasapiens.chez.comsophiasapiens.chez.com/geologie/Introduction-to-Physica… · Web viewforaminifera . E) photosynthetic . Answer: C . 9) Which era of geologic time spans about](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051721/5a913dca7f8b9a4a268e8ea2/html5/thumbnails/340.jpg)
22.3
![Page 341: sophiasapiens.chez.comsophiasapiens.chez.com/geologie/Introduction-to-Physica… · Web viewforaminifera . E) photosynthetic . Answer: C . 9) Which era of geologic time spans about](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051721/5a913dca7f8b9a4a268e8ea2/html5/thumbnails/341.jpg)
True/False Questions1)
![Page 342: sophiasapiens.chez.comsophiasapiens.chez.com/geologie/Introduction-to-Physica… · Web viewforaminifera . E) photosynthetic . Answer: C . 9) Which era of geologic time spans about](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051721/5a913dca7f8b9a4a268e8ea2/html5/thumbnails/342.jpg)
The decay of radioactive atoms, coupled with heat released by colliding particles, produced at least some melting of Earth's early interior.
Answer :
![Page 343: sophiasapiens.chez.comsophiasapiens.chez.com/geologie/Introduction-to-Physica… · Web viewforaminifera . E) photosynthetic . Answer: C . 9) Which era of geologic time spans about](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051721/5a913dca7f8b9a4a268e8ea2/html5/thumbnails/343.jpg)
TRUE
2)
![Page 344: sophiasapiens.chez.comsophiasapiens.chez.com/geologie/Introduction-to-Physica… · Web viewforaminifera . E) photosynthetic . Answer: C . 9) Which era of geologic time spans about](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051721/5a913dca7f8b9a4a268e8ea2/html5/thumbnails/344.jpg)
We are now living in the Mesozoic era. Answer :
![Page 345: sophiasapiens.chez.comsophiasapiens.chez.com/geologie/Introduction-to-Physica… · Web viewforaminifera . E) photosynthetic . Answer: C . 9) Which era of geologic time spans about](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051721/5a913dca7f8b9a4a268e8ea2/html5/thumbnails/345.jpg)
FALSE
3)
![Page 346: sophiasapiens.chez.comsophiasapiens.chez.com/geologie/Introduction-to-Physica… · Web viewforaminifera . E) photosynthetic . Answer: C . 9) Which era of geologic time spans about](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051721/5a913dca7f8b9a4a268e8ea2/html5/thumbnails/346.jpg)
Most Mesozoic rocks are devoid of fossils, consequently this is the least understood span of Earth's history.
Answer :
![Page 347: sophiasapiens.chez.comsophiasapiens.chez.com/geologie/Introduction-to-Physica… · Web viewforaminifera . E) photosynthetic . Answer: C . 9) Which era of geologic time spans about](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051721/5a913dca7f8b9a4a268e8ea2/html5/thumbnails/347.jpg)
FALSE
4)
![Page 348: sophiasapiens.chez.comsophiasapiens.chez.com/geologie/Introduction-to-Physica… · Web viewforaminifera . E) photosynthetic . Answer: C . 9) Which era of geologic time spans about](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051721/5a913dca7f8b9a4a268e8ea2/html5/thumbnails/348.jpg)
Probably the single most characteristic feature of the Precambrian is its great abundance of fossil evidence.
Answer :
![Page 349: sophiasapiens.chez.comsophiasapiens.chez.com/geologie/Introduction-to-Physica… · Web viewforaminifera . E) photosynthetic . Answer: C . 9) Which era of geologic time spans about](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051721/5a913dca7f8b9a4a268e8ea2/html5/thumbnails/349.jpg)
FALSE
5)
![Page 350: sophiasapiens.chez.comsophiasapiens.chez.com/geologie/Introduction-to-Physica… · Web viewforaminifera . E) photosynthetic . Answer: C . 9) Which era of geologic time spans about](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051721/5a913dca7f8b9a4a268e8ea2/html5/thumbnails/350.jpg)
Due to differentiation, the lighter, gaseous materials escaped Earth's interior and became the primitive atmosphere.
Answer :
![Page 351: sophiasapiens.chez.comsophiasapiens.chez.com/geologie/Introduction-to-Physica… · Web viewforaminifera . E) photosynthetic . Answer: C . 9) Which era of geologic time spans about](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051721/5a913dca7f8b9a4a268e8ea2/html5/thumbnails/351.jpg)
TRUE
6)
![Page 352: sophiasapiens.chez.comsophiasapiens.chez.com/geologie/Introduction-to-Physica… · Web viewforaminifera . E) photosynthetic . Answer: C . 9) Which era of geologic time spans about](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051721/5a913dca7f8b9a4a268e8ea2/html5/thumbnails/352.jpg)
During the early Paleozoic Era, the continent of Gondwanaland included North and South America.
Answer :
![Page 353: sophiasapiens.chez.comsophiasapiens.chez.com/geologie/Introduction-to-Physica… · Web viewforaminifera . E) photosynthetic . Answer: C . 9) Which era of geologic time spans about](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051721/5a913dca7f8b9a4a268e8ea2/html5/thumbnails/353.jpg)
FALSE
7)
![Page 354: sophiasapiens.chez.comsophiasapiens.chez.com/geologie/Introduction-to-Physica… · Web viewforaminifera . E) photosynthetic . Answer: C . 9) Which era of geologic time spans about](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051721/5a913dca7f8b9a4a268e8ea2/html5/thumbnails/354.jpg)
The bodies of our solar system began forming about 5 billion years ago from an enormous cloud of minute rocky fragments and gases.
Answer :
![Page 355: sophiasapiens.chez.comsophiasapiens.chez.com/geologie/Introduction-to-Physica… · Web viewforaminifera . E) photosynthetic . Answer: C . 9) Which era of geologic time spans about](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051721/5a913dca7f8b9a4a268e8ea2/html5/thumbnails/355.jpg)
TRUE
8)
![Page 356: sophiasapiens.chez.comsophiasapiens.chez.com/geologie/Introduction-to-Physica… · Web viewforaminifera . E) photosynthetic . Answer: C . 9) Which era of geologic time spans about](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051721/5a913dca7f8b9a4a268e8ea2/html5/thumbnails/356.jpg)
The first true terrestrial land animals were the mammals. Answer :
![Page 357: sophiasapiens.chez.comsophiasapiens.chez.com/geologie/Introduction-to-Physica… · Web viewforaminifera . E) photosynthetic . Answer: C . 9) Which era of geologic time spans about](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051721/5a913dca7f8b9a4a268e8ea2/html5/thumbnails/357.jpg)
FALSE
9)
![Page 358: sophiasapiens.chez.comsophiasapiens.chez.com/geologie/Introduction-to-Physica… · Web viewforaminifera . E) photosynthetic . Answer: C . 9) Which era of geologic time spans about](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051721/5a913dca7f8b9a4a268e8ea2/html5/thumbnails/358.jpg)
Earth's original atmosphere, several billion years ago, was similar to the present atmosphere.
Answer :
![Page 359: sophiasapiens.chez.comsophiasapiens.chez.com/geologie/Introduction-to-Physica… · Web viewforaminifera . E) photosynthetic . Answer: C . 9) Which era of geologic time spans about](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051721/5a913dca7f8b9a4a268e8ea2/html5/thumbnails/359.jpg)
FALSE
10)
![Page 360: sophiasapiens.chez.comsophiasapiens.chez.com/geologie/Introduction-to-Physica… · Web viewforaminifera . E) photosynthetic . Answer: C . 9) Which era of geologic time spans about](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051721/5a913dca7f8b9a4a268e8ea2/html5/thumbnails/360.jpg)
The Cenozoic Era is the age of mammals. Answer :
![Page 361: sophiasapiens.chez.comsophiasapiens.chez.com/geologie/Introduction-to-Physica… · Web viewforaminifera . E) photosynthetic . Answer: C . 9) Which era of geologic time spans about](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051721/5a913dca7f8b9a4a268e8ea2/html5/thumbnails/361.jpg)
TRUE
![Page 362: sophiasapiens.chez.comsophiasapiens.chez.com/geologie/Introduction-to-Physica… · Web viewforaminifera . E) photosynthetic . Answer: C . 9) Which era of geologic time spans about](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051721/5a913dca7f8b9a4a268e8ea2/html5/thumbnails/362.jpg)
11)
![Page 363: sophiasapiens.chez.comsophiasapiens.chez.com/geologie/Introduction-to-Physica… · Web viewforaminifera . E) photosynthetic . Answer: C . 9) Which era of geologic time spans about](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051721/5a913dca7f8b9a4a268e8ea2/html5/thumbnails/363.jpg)
The major source of oxygen in Earth's atmosphere is from the decay of plants. Answer :
![Page 364: sophiasapiens.chez.comsophiasapiens.chez.com/geologie/Introduction-to-Physica… · Web viewforaminifera . E) photosynthetic . Answer: C . 9) Which era of geologic time spans about](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051721/5a913dca7f8b9a4a268e8ea2/html5/thumbnails/364.jpg)
FALSE
12)
![Page 365: sophiasapiens.chez.comsophiasapiens.chez.com/geologie/Introduction-to-Physica… · Web viewforaminifera . E) photosynthetic . Answer: C . 9) Which era of geologic time spans about](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051721/5a913dca7f8b9a4a268e8ea2/html5/thumbnails/365.jpg)
The supercontinent of Pangaea formed during the late Mesozoic Era. Answer :
![Page 366: sophiasapiens.chez.comsophiasapiens.chez.com/geologie/Introduction-to-Physica… · Web viewforaminifera . E) photosynthetic . Answer: C . 9) Which era of geologic time spans about](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051721/5a913dca7f8b9a4a268e8ea2/html5/thumbnails/366.jpg)
FALSE
13)
![Page 367: sophiasapiens.chez.comsophiasapiens.chez.com/geologie/Introduction-to-Physica… · Web viewforaminifera . E) photosynthetic . Answer: C . 9) Which era of geologic time spans about](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051721/5a913dca7f8b9a4a268e8ea2/html5/thumbnails/367.jpg)
Much of the original free oxygen in the atmosphere combined with iron dissolved in water to become iron oxide.
Answer :
![Page 368: sophiasapiens.chez.comsophiasapiens.chez.com/geologie/Introduction-to-Physica… · Web viewforaminifera . E) photosynthetic . Answer: C . 9) Which era of geologic time spans about](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051721/5a913dca7f8b9a4a268e8ea2/html5/thumbnails/368.jpg)
TRUE
14)
![Page 369: sophiasapiens.chez.comsophiasapiens.chez.com/geologie/Introduction-to-Physica… · Web viewforaminifera . E) photosynthetic . Answer: C . 9) Which era of geologic time spans about](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051721/5a913dca7f8b9a4a268e8ea2/html5/thumbnails/369.jpg)
With the perfection of the shelled egg, reptiles quickly became the dominant land animals of the Mesozoic Era.
Answer :
![Page 370: sophiasapiens.chez.comsophiasapiens.chez.com/geologie/Introduction-to-Physica… · Web viewforaminifera . E) photosynthetic . Answer: C . 9) Which era of geologic time spans about](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051721/5a913dca7f8b9a4a268e8ea2/html5/thumbnails/370.jpg)
TRUE
15)
![Page 371: sophiasapiens.chez.comsophiasapiens.chez.com/geologie/Introduction-to-Physica… · Web viewforaminifera . E) photosynthetic . Answer: C . 9) Which era of geologic time spans about](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051721/5a913dca7f8b9a4a268e8ea2/html5/thumbnails/371.jpg)
Because of their high surface temperatures and comparatively weak gravitational fields, during their formation, the inner planets retained appreciable amounts of hydrogen, helium, and ammonia as part of their composition.
Answer :
![Page 372: sophiasapiens.chez.comsophiasapiens.chez.com/geologie/Introduction-to-Physica… · Web viewforaminifera . E) photosynthetic . Answer: C . 9) Which era of geologic time spans about](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051721/5a913dca7f8b9a4a268e8ea2/html5/thumbnails/372.jpg)
FALSE
16)
![Page 373: sophiasapiens.chez.comsophiasapiens.chez.com/geologie/Introduction-to-Physica… · Web viewforaminifera . E) photosynthetic . Answer: C . 9) Which era of geologic time spans about](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051721/5a913dca7f8b9a4a268e8ea2/html5/thumbnails/373.jpg)
During the Cenozoic Era, the eastern and western margins of North America experienced similar geologic events.
Answer :
![Page 374: sophiasapiens.chez.comsophiasapiens.chez.com/geologie/Introduction-to-Physica… · Web viewforaminifera . E) photosynthetic . Answer: C . 9) Which era of geologic time spans about](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051721/5a913dca7f8b9a4a268e8ea2/html5/thumbnails/374.jpg)
FALSE
17)
![Page 375: sophiasapiens.chez.comsophiasapiens.chez.com/geologie/Introduction-to-Physica… · Web viewforaminifera . E) photosynthetic . Answer: C . 9) Which era of geologic time spans about](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051721/5a913dca7f8b9a4a268e8ea2/html5/thumbnails/375.jpg)
Altered climatic conditions at the end of the Paleozoic Era caused one of the most dramatic biological declines in all Earth history.
Answer :
![Page 376: sophiasapiens.chez.comsophiasapiens.chez.com/geologie/Introduction-to-Physica… · Web viewforaminifera . E) photosynthetic . Answer: C . 9) Which era of geologic time spans about](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051721/5a913dca7f8b9a4a268e8ea2/html5/thumbnails/376.jpg)
TRUE
18)
![Page 377: sophiasapiens.chez.comsophiasapiens.chez.com/geologie/Introduction-to-Physica… · Web viewforaminifera . E) photosynthetic . Answer: C . 9) Which era of geologic time spans about](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051721/5a913dca7f8b9a4a268e8ea2/html5/thumbnails/377.jpg)
Evidence indicates that some dinosaurs were warm blooded. Answer :
![Page 378: sophiasapiens.chez.comsophiasapiens.chez.com/geologie/Introduction-to-Physica… · Web viewforaminifera . E) photosynthetic . Answer: C . 9) Which era of geologic time spans about](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051721/5a913dca7f8b9a4a268e8ea2/html5/thumbnails/378.jpg)
TRUE
19)
![Page 379: sophiasapiens.chez.comsophiasapiens.chez.com/geologie/Introduction-to-Physica… · Web viewforaminifera . E) photosynthetic . Answer: C . 9) Which era of geologic time spans about](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051721/5a913dca7f8b9a4a268e8ea2/html5/thumbnails/379.jpg)
The large outer planets (Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune) contain huge amounts of hydrogen and other light materials as part of their composition.
Answer :
![Page 380: sophiasapiens.chez.comsophiasapiens.chez.com/geologie/Introduction-to-Physica… · Web viewforaminifera . E) photosynthetic . Answer: C . 9) Which era of geologic time spans about](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051721/5a913dca7f8b9a4a268e8ea2/html5/thumbnails/380.jpg)
TRUE
20)
![Page 381: sophiasapiens.chez.comsophiasapiens.chez.com/geologie/Introduction-to-Physica… · Web viewforaminifera . E) photosynthetic . Answer: C . 9) Which era of geologic time spans about](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051721/5a913dca7f8b9a4a268e8ea2/html5/thumbnails/381.jpg)
Fossil fuels are abundant in Precambrian rocks. Answer :
![Page 382: sophiasapiens.chez.comsophiasapiens.chez.com/geologie/Introduction-to-Physica… · Web viewforaminifera . E) photosynthetic . Answer: C . 9) Which era of geologic time spans about](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051721/5a913dca7f8b9a4a268e8ea2/html5/thumbnails/382.jpg)
FALSE
21)
![Page 383: sophiasapiens.chez.comsophiasapiens.chez.com/geologie/Introduction-to-Physica… · Web viewforaminifera . E) photosynthetic . Answer: C . 9) Which era of geologic time spans about](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051721/5a913dca7f8b9a4a268e8ea2/html5/thumbnails/383.jpg)
A major event of the Mesozoic Era was the breakup of the supercontinent called Pangaea. Answer :
![Page 384: sophiasapiens.chez.comsophiasapiens.chez.com/geologie/Introduction-to-Physica… · Web viewforaminifera . E) photosynthetic . Answer: C . 9) Which era of geologic time spans about](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051721/5a913dca7f8b9a4a268e8ea2/html5/thumbnails/384.jpg)
TRUE
22)
![Page 385: sophiasapiens.chez.comsophiasapiens.chez.com/geologie/Introduction-to-Physica… · Web viewforaminifera . E) photosynthetic . Answer: C . 9) Which era of geologic time spans about](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051721/5a913dca7f8b9a4a268e8ea2/html5/thumbnails/385.jpg)
The fault-block mountains of Nevada and Mexico formed during the Cenozoic Era. Answer :
![Page 386: sophiasapiens.chez.comsophiasapiens.chez.com/geologie/Introduction-to-Physica… · Web viewforaminifera . E) photosynthetic . Answer: C . 9) Which era of geologic time spans about](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051721/5a913dca7f8b9a4a268e8ea2/html5/thumbnails/386.jpg)
TRUE
23)
![Page 387: sophiasapiens.chez.comsophiasapiens.chez.com/geologie/Introduction-to-Physica… · Web viewforaminifera . E) photosynthetic . Answer: C . 9) Which era of geologic time spans about](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051721/5a913dca7f8b9a4a268e8ea2/html5/thumbnails/387.jpg)
When Earth's primitive surface cooled below water's boiling point, torrential rains slowly filled low areas, forming oceans.
Answer :
![Page 388: sophiasapiens.chez.comsophiasapiens.chez.com/geologie/Introduction-to-Physica… · Web viewforaminifera . E) photosynthetic . Answer: C . 9) Which era of geologic time spans about](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051721/5a913dca7f8b9a4a268e8ea2/html5/thumbnails/388.jpg)
TRUE
24)
![Page 389: sophiasapiens.chez.comsophiasapiens.chez.com/geologie/Introduction-to-Physica… · Web viewforaminifera . E) photosynthetic . Answer: C . 9) Which era of geologic time spans about](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051721/5a913dca7f8b9a4a268e8ea2/html5/thumbnails/389.jpg)
Volcanic activity was common in the West during much of Cenozoic time. Answer :
![Page 390: sophiasapiens.chez.comsophiasapiens.chez.com/geologie/Introduction-to-Physica… · Web viewforaminifera . E) photosynthetic . Answer: C . 9) Which era of geologic time spans about](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051721/5a913dca7f8b9a4a268e8ea2/html5/thumbnails/390.jpg)
TRUE
25)
![Page 391: sophiasapiens.chez.comsophiasapiens.chez.com/geologie/Introduction-to-Physica… · Web viewforaminifera . E) photosynthetic . Answer: C . 9) Which era of geologic time spans about](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051721/5a913dca7f8b9a4a268e8ea2/html5/thumbnails/391.jpg)
The earliest land plants had large, broad leafs to efficiently intercept sunlight. Answer :
![Page 392: sophiasapiens.chez.comsophiasapiens.chez.com/geologie/Introduction-to-Physica… · Web viewforaminifera . E) photosynthetic . Answer: C . 9) Which era of geologic time spans about](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051721/5a913dca7f8b9a4a268e8ea2/html5/thumbnails/392.jpg)
FALSE
26)
![Page 393: sophiasapiens.chez.comsophiasapiens.chez.com/geologie/Introduction-to-Physica… · Web viewforaminifera . E) photosynthetic . Answer: C . 9) Which era of geologic time spans about](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051721/5a913dca7f8b9a4a268e8ea2/html5/thumbnails/393.jpg)
Mammals replaced reptiles as the dominant land animals in the Cenozoic Era. Answer :
![Page 394: sophiasapiens.chez.comsophiasapiens.chez.com/geologie/Introduction-to-Physica… · Web viewforaminifera . E) photosynthetic . Answer: C . 9) Which era of geologic time spans about](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051721/5a913dca7f8b9a4a268e8ea2/html5/thumbnails/394.jpg)
TRUE
27)
![Page 395: sophiasapiens.chez.comsophiasapiens.chez.com/geologie/Introduction-to-Physica… · Web viewforaminifera . E) photosynthetic . Answer: C . 9) Which era of geologic time spans about](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051721/5a913dca7f8b9a4a268e8ea2/html5/thumbnails/395.jpg)
Well preserved remains of many tiny organisms extend the record of life back beyond 5 billion years.
Answer :
![Page 396: sophiasapiens.chez.comsophiasapiens.chez.com/geologie/Introduction-to-Physica… · Web viewforaminifera . E) photosynthetic . Answer: C . 9) Which era of geologic time spans about](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051721/5a913dca7f8b9a4a268e8ea2/html5/thumbnails/396.jpg)
FALSE
28)
![Page 397: sophiasapiens.chez.comsophiasapiens.chez.com/geologie/Introduction-to-Physica… · Web viewforaminifera . E) photosynthetic . Answer: C . 9) Which era of geologic time spans about](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051721/5a913dca7f8b9a4a268e8ea2/html5/thumbnails/397.jpg)
A wave of late Pleistocene extinctions rapidly eliminated many large mammals. Answer :
![Page 398: sophiasapiens.chez.comsophiasapiens.chez.com/geologie/Introduction-to-Physica… · Web viewforaminifera . E) photosynthetic . Answer: C . 9) Which era of geologic time spans about](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051721/5a913dca7f8b9a4a268e8ea2/html5/thumbnails/398.jpg)
TRUE
29)
![Page 399: sophiasapiens.chez.comsophiasapiens.chez.com/geologie/Introduction-to-Physica… · Web viewforaminifera . E) photosynthetic . Answer: C . 9) Which era of geologic time spans about](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051721/5a913dca7f8b9a4a268e8ea2/html5/thumbnails/399.jpg)
The fossil record supports the hypothesis that the hard parts of organisms evolved for survival.
Answer :
![Page 400: sophiasapiens.chez.comsophiasapiens.chez.com/geologie/Introduction-to-Physica… · Web viewforaminifera . E) photosynthetic . Answer: C . 9) Which era of geologic time spans about](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051721/5a913dca7f8b9a4a268e8ea2/html5/thumbnails/400.jpg)
FALSE
30)
![Page 401: sophiasapiens.chez.comsophiasapiens.chez.com/geologie/Introduction-to-Physica… · Web viewforaminifera . E) photosynthetic . Answer: C . 9) Which era of geologic time spans about](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051721/5a913dca7f8b9a4a268e8ea2/html5/thumbnails/401.jpg)
The evolution of both birds and mammals was strongly influenced by the development of flowering plants.
Answer :
![Page 402: sophiasapiens.chez.comsophiasapiens.chez.com/geologie/Introduction-to-Physica… · Web viewforaminifera . E) photosynthetic . Answer: C . 9) Which era of geologic time spans about](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051721/5a913dca7f8b9a4a268e8ea2/html5/thumbnails/402.jpg)
TRUE
31)
![Page 403: sophiasapiens.chez.comsophiasapiens.chez.com/geologie/Introduction-to-Physica… · Web viewforaminifera . E) photosynthetic . Answer: C . 9) Which era of geologic time spans about](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051721/5a913dca7f8b9a4a268e8ea2/html5/thumbnails/403.jpg)
The beginning of the Precambrian Era is marked by the appearance of the first life forms with hard parts.
Answer :
![Page 404: sophiasapiens.chez.comsophiasapiens.chez.com/geologie/Introduction-to-Physica… · Web viewforaminifera . E) photosynthetic . Answer: C . 9) Which era of geologic time spans about](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051721/5a913dca7f8b9a4a268e8ea2/html5/thumbnails/404.jpg)
FALSE
32)
![Page 405: sophiasapiens.chez.comsophiasapiens.chez.com/geologie/Introduction-to-Physica… · Web viewforaminifera . E) photosynthetic . Answer: C . 9) Which era of geologic time spans about](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051721/5a913dca7f8b9a4a268e8ea2/html5/thumbnails/405.jpg)
Many reptile groups became extinct at the close of the Cenozoic Era. Answer :
![Page 406: sophiasapiens.chez.comsophiasapiens.chez.com/geologie/Introduction-to-Physica… · Web viewforaminifera . E) photosynthetic . Answer: C . 9) Which era of geologic time spans about](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051721/5a913dca7f8b9a4a268e8ea2/html5/thumbnails/406.jpg)
FALSE
![Page 407: sophiasapiens.chez.comsophiasapiens.chez.com/geologie/Introduction-to-Physica… · Web viewforaminifera . E) photosynthetic . Answer: C . 9) Which era of geologic time spans about](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051721/5a913dca7f8b9a4a268e8ea2/html5/thumbnails/407.jpg)
33)
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During the Cenozoic Era, a great wedge of sediments from the eroding Rockies created the Great Plains.
Answer :
![Page 409: sophiasapiens.chez.comsophiasapiens.chez.com/geologie/Introduction-to-Physica… · Web viewforaminifera . E) photosynthetic . Answer: C . 9) Which era of geologic time spans about](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051721/5a913dca7f8b9a4a268e8ea2/html5/thumbnails/409.jpg)
TRUE
34)
![Page 410: sophiasapiens.chez.comsophiasapiens.chez.com/geologie/Introduction-to-Physica… · Web viewforaminifera . E) photosynthetic . Answer: C . 9) Which era of geologic time spans about](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051721/5a913dca7f8b9a4a268e8ea2/html5/thumbnails/410.jpg)
Evidence of an extensive glaciation places western Africa near the South Pole during the early Paleozoic Era.
Answer :
![Page 411: sophiasapiens.chez.comsophiasapiens.chez.com/geologie/Introduction-to-Physica… · Web viewforaminifera . E) photosynthetic . Answer: C . 9) Which era of geologic time spans about](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051721/5a913dca7f8b9a4a268e8ea2/html5/thumbnails/411.jpg)
TRUE
22.4
![Page 412: sophiasapiens.chez.comsophiasapiens.chez.com/geologie/Introduction-to-Physica… · Web viewforaminifera . E) photosynthetic . Answer: C . 9) Which era of geologic time spans about](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051721/5a913dca7f8b9a4a268e8ea2/html5/thumbnails/412.jpg)
Short Answer Questions1)
![Page 413: sophiasapiens.chez.comsophiasapiens.chez.com/geologie/Introduction-to-Physica… · Web viewforaminifera . E) photosynthetic . Answer: C . 9) Which era of geologic time spans about](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051721/5a913dca7f8b9a4a268e8ea2/html5/thumbnails/413.jpg)
Bacteria that thrive in oxygen free environments are called ________ bacteria. Answer :
![Page 414: sophiasapiens.chez.comsophiasapiens.chez.com/geologie/Introduction-to-Physica… · Web viewforaminifera . E) photosynthetic . Answer: C . 9) Which era of geologic time spans about](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051721/5a913dca7f8b9a4a268e8ea2/html5/thumbnails/414.jpg)
anaerobic
2)
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The theory for the formation of the solar system is known as the ________. Answer :
![Page 416: sophiasapiens.chez.comsophiasapiens.chez.com/geologie/Introduction-to-Physica… · Web viewforaminifera . E) photosynthetic . Answer: C . 9) Which era of geologic time spans about](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051721/5a913dca7f8b9a4a268e8ea2/html5/thumbnails/416.jpg)
nebular hypothesis
3)
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During the early Paleozoic Era, the ________ orogeny affected eastern North America from the present-day central Appalachians to Newfoundland.
Answer :
![Page 418: sophiasapiens.chez.comsophiasapiens.chez.com/geologie/Introduction-to-Physica… · Web viewforaminifera . E) photosynthetic . Answer: C . 9) Which era of geologic time spans about](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051721/5a913dca7f8b9a4a268e8ea2/html5/thumbnails/418.jpg)
Taconic
4)
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What were the three gases that made up Earth's original atmosphere? ________, ________, ________
Answer :
![Page 420: sophiasapiens.chez.comsophiasapiens.chez.com/geologie/Introduction-to-Physica… · Web viewforaminifera . E) photosynthetic . Answer: C . 9) Which era of geologic time spans about](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051721/5a913dca7f8b9a4a268e8ea2/html5/thumbnails/420.jpg)
water vapor, carbon dioxide, nitrogen
5)
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The rock formations of the ________ Era are more widespread and less disturbed than those of any other time.
Answer :
![Page 422: sophiasapiens.chez.comsophiasapiens.chez.com/geologie/Introduction-to-Physica… · Web viewforaminifera . E) photosynthetic . Answer: C . 9) Which era of geologic time spans about](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051721/5a913dca7f8b9a4a268e8ea2/html5/thumbnails/422.jpg)
Cenozoic
6)
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During the process of ________, plants release the gas ________. Answer :
![Page 424: sophiasapiens.chez.comsophiasapiens.chez.com/geologie/Introduction-to-Physica… · Web viewforaminifera . E) photosynthetic . Answer: C . 9) Which era of geologic time spans about](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051721/5a913dca7f8b9a4a268e8ea2/html5/thumbnails/424.jpg)
photosynthesis, oxygen
7)
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By the late ________ Period, true air-breathing amphibians with fish-like heads and tails had evolved.
Answer :
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Devonian
8)
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The ________ Era spans about 88% of Earth's history. Answer :
![Page 428: sophiasapiens.chez.comsophiasapiens.chez.com/geologie/Introduction-to-Physica… · Web viewforaminifera . E) photosynthetic . Answer: C . 9) Which era of geologic time spans about](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051721/5a913dca7f8b9a4a268e8ea2/html5/thumbnails/428.jpg)
Precambrian
![Page 429: sophiasapiens.chez.comsophiasapiens.chez.com/geologie/Introduction-to-Physica… · Web viewforaminifera . E) photosynthetic . Answer: C . 9) Which era of geologic time spans about](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051721/5a913dca7f8b9a4a268e8ea2/html5/thumbnails/429.jpg)
9)
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The most economically important resource in Cenozoic strata of the Gulf Coast is ________. Answer :
![Page 431: sophiasapiens.chez.comsophiasapiens.chez.com/geologie/Introduction-to-Physica… · Web viewforaminifera . E) photosynthetic . Answer: C . 9) Which era of geologic time spans about](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051721/5a913dca7f8b9a4a268e8ea2/html5/thumbnails/431.jpg)
petroleum (natural gas)
10)
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Planets in the making are referred to as ________. Answer :
![Page 433: sophiasapiens.chez.comsophiasapiens.chez.com/geologie/Introduction-to-Physica… · Web viewforaminifera . E) photosynthetic . Answer: C . 9) Which era of geologic time spans about](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051721/5a913dca7f8b9a4a268e8ea2/html5/thumbnails/433.jpg)
protoplanets
11)
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The most common Precambrian rock type is ________ rock. Answer :
![Page 435: sophiasapiens.chez.comsophiasapiens.chez.com/geologie/Introduction-to-Physica… · Web viewforaminifera . E) photosynthetic . Answer: C . 9) Which era of geologic time spans about](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051721/5a913dca7f8b9a4a268e8ea2/html5/thumbnails/435.jpg)
metamorphic
12)
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The Cenozoic Era is often called the "age of ________." Answer :
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mammals
13)
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On continents, large "core areas" of Precambrian rocks, called ________, dominate the surface.
Answer :
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shields
14)
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The ________ Period was the "golden age of trilobites." Answer :
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Cambrian
15)
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The time of the great extinction that took place at the end of the Mesozoic Era is called the ________ or KT boundary.
Answer :
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Cretaceous-Tertiary
16)
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The sun in the making is known as the ________. Answer :
![Page 445: sophiasapiens.chez.comsophiasapiens.chez.com/geologie/Introduction-to-Physica… · Web viewforaminifera . E) photosynthetic . Answer: C . 9) Which era of geologic time spans about](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051721/5a913dca7f8b9a4a268e8ea2/html5/thumbnails/445.jpg)
protosun
17)
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Western North America is the leading edge of the ________ plate. Answer :
![Page 447: sophiasapiens.chez.comsophiasapiens.chez.com/geologie/Introduction-to-Physica… · Web viewforaminifera . E) photosynthetic . Answer: C . 9) Which era of geologic time spans about](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051721/5a913dca7f8b9a4a268e8ea2/html5/thumbnails/447.jpg)
North American
18)
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Extensive deposits of ________ ore are found worldwide in Precambrian rocks. Answer :
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iron
19)
![Page 450: sophiasapiens.chez.comsophiasapiens.chez.com/geologie/Introduction-to-Physica… · Web viewforaminifera . E) photosynthetic . Answer: C . 9) Which era of geologic time spans about](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051721/5a913dca7f8b9a4a268e8ea2/html5/thumbnails/450.jpg)
In North America (including Greenland), the vast exposure of Precambrian rocks, called the ________ Shield, encompasses 2.8 million square miles.
Answer :
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Canadian
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20)
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The development of ________, organisms that reproduce sexually and have cells that contain nuclei, may have increased dramatically the rate of evolutionary change.
Answer :
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eukaryotes
21)
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Human evolution takes place during the ________ Period of the ________ Era. Answer :
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Quaternary; Cenozoic
22)
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Fossils that are not of the animals themselves, but of their activities, such as trails and wormholes, are referred to as ________ fossils.
Answer :
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trace
23)
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The ________ were the dominant trees of the Mesozoic Era. Answer :
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gymnosperms
24)
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Following the reptilian extinctions at the close of the Mesozoic Era, two groups of mammals, the marsupials and ________, evolved and expanded.
Answer :
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placentals
25)
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Many of the most ancient fossils are found in a hard, dense, chemical rock called ________. Answer :
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chert
26)
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The late ________ Era extinction was the greatest of at least five mass extinctions to occur over the past 600 million years.
Answer :
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Paleozoic
27)
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________ are the dominant land plants of the Cenozoic Era. Answer :
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Angiosperms
28)
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Primitive organisms, called ________, reproduce asexually and contain cells that lack organized nuclei.
Answer :
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prokaryotes
29)
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Toward the end of the Mesozoic Era, the ________ orogeny formed the southern ranges of the Rocky Mountains.
Answer :
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Laramide
30)
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One hypothesis for the extinction that took place at the end of the Mesozoic is that a large ________ collided with Earth.
Answer :
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asteroid
22.5
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Critical Thinking QuestionsUse complete sentences, correct spelling, and the information presented in Chapter 22 to answer the questions below.
1)
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Briefly discuss the development of life in the Paleozoic as compared to the Mesozoic.
2)
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How does the supercontinent cycle fit into the entire scheme of plate tectonics? Also, how does the cycle help explain the origin of cratons?
3)
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Discuss how Earth's early atmosphere is thought to have formed. What role did bacteria play in the development of our modern atmosphere?