1920s and 30s Notes and Handouts

Labour Unrest

_______________________ – many veterans are returning home to find their jobs no longer exist – felt they were entitled to work after they had fought for their country

Those lucky enough to have a _______________________ – not paid _______________________

War caused massive _______________________ and wages did not match ______________________________________________

No _______________________ insurance, No compensation for injuries, poor working conditions – lead to formation of _______________________

_______________________ joined new Trade Unions in hopes of a better working life

Because of Labour Laws, employers not obliged to bargain with unions – The only way to get a point across was to _______________________

Strikes and Lockouts in CanadaYear

1917 1918 1919

Number of Strikes 160 230 326

The Threat of Trade Unions in 1917, a group called the _______________________ overthrew the Russian

Government and imposed a system of _______________________ through violent revolt

Believed that _______________________ in the community should be an _______________________ part of the economic process – stressed the power of the _______________________

Many trade union_______________________and working class identified with and were influenced by these ideas – _______________________o Canadian government

Canadian Government suspicious of ‘_______________________’ who may have brought ‘______________________________________________to Canada

Calgary 1919 – Western Canadian Trade Unions met To improve working conditions, workers had to join into One Big

Union. Force higher _______________________, better _______________________ and

shorter working _______________________.

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Winnipeg General Strike For _______________________in the summer of _______________________ the city

of Winnipeg, Manitoba was crippled by a massive and dramatic general strike.

Frustrated by _______________________, inflation, poor working conditions and regional disparities after World War I, workers from both the _______________________ and _______________________joined forces to shut down or drastically _______________________ most _______________________.

The workers were orderly and peaceful, but the reaction from the employers, _______________________and the _______________________ government was _______________________.

The strike ended in "_______________________" when the Royal North-West ______________________________________________ attacked a gathering of strike supporters.

_______________________strikers were _______________________30 wounded and many arrested. Workers won little in the _______________________, and it was another _______________________before collective bargaining was recognized in Canada

Cape Breton Coal Miners Strike Read “Blood on the Coal” and answer the questions on the sheet provided. Due tomorrow

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1 Why did James Mclachlan come to Canada?

2. Describe life as a labourer working for the Dominion Coal Company.

3. What prevented the miners from joining any unions?

4. Why were the odds stacked against the P.W.A.?

5. How did the Dominion Coal Co. fight the striker's?

6. What finally broke the first strike? Cite historical evidence.

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7. How did W.W. 1 affect the relationship between Dominion Coal and the workers?

8. What happened after the First World War to this relationship?

9. What brought about the second strike. What were the results?

10. Why was Mclauchlan replaced and what was the reaction of the workers.?

11. How did Roy Wolvin attempt to break the strikers? Was he successful?

12. What was the significance of the Coal Miner's strike for the workers across Canada?

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Women in the 1920s

More Time _______________________gave women the chance to do more work in less time, so

they had more leisure time on their hands. Women joined groups and focused on the social issues of

_______________________, _______________________and the problems of alcohol.Temperance

The Women's Christian Temperance Union succeeded in have the government pass prohibition laws in 1918 - no more _______________________

However the_______________________was easily broken and eventually was withdrawn.

Women Are Persons In 1916 _______________________was appointed Canada's first female judge. Our

constitution said only qualified "_______________________" (men) could be judges or senators!

In 1927 Murphy and four other women (The _______________________) challenged the persons law. The Supreme Court of Canada ruled they were not persons based on society in 1867 when the constitution was created. They appealed to the Privy Council in England and won their case!

______________________________________________was Canada's first female Senator.

Sports Canadian women won many track and field medals at the 1928 summer

Olympics. (Ethel Catherwood - high jump; Fanny Rosenfeld - track) However, Canadians chose to see men only as the real athletes -women

eventually gave up participating in sports. Canada's Dream Team - the _______________________, a girls basketball team, was

Canada's most successful team in history - winning over 96% of its games in its _______________________ years of competition.

Persons Case

- basic rights were first won only 70 years ago. - Canadian women born before 1929 were considered by law to be "non-

_______________." - Five governments stated that _______________ were ineligible to be

_______________ to the Senate because they were not "_______________." In fact, British _______________Law stated they were "persons in the matter of _______________ and _______________, but not in the matter of _______________ and _______________."

- A group of _______________ women known as the Famous 5 worked together to try to improve _______________ for women and change the interpretation of

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the Canadian Constitution to ensure women could participate in all aspects of _______________ life.

- In 1927, the Famous 5 persuaded Prime Minister Mackenzie King to ask the Canadian _______________ Court to clarify the word "_______________" under the British North America Act of 1867.

- Canadian court rejected their argument on April 24, 1928,o The Famous 5 persuaded the Government of Canada to appeal to the

_______________ Committee of the British _______________ Council. There, the Famous 5 won their case and on October 18, 1929, Canadian women were _______________ declared "_______________" and eligible for appointment to the _______________.

- The first Senate _______________ that occurred after the Persons' Case was in Ontario. On February 20, 1928, Prime Minister Mackenzie King appointed Ottawa citizen _______________ _______________, a remarkable woman who actively opposed anti-_______________ and encouraged governments to accept _______________.

- On December 17, 1997, Senator Beaudoin said (describing the importance of the case, "I suggest in closing that we keep and remember the famous 1929 case that first _______________ the equality of men and women. . . . This was [also] the time when the _______________ Council started what we call in law, the theory of '_______________ of the _______________."

Politics in the 1920sWheat on the Prairies:

Countries in_______________________still suffering from the effects of war were demanding food as a result the price went up.

Canadian _______________________enjoyed huge crops and as a result made big profits. This money was reinvested into Trucks, Mechanical harvester, and new stains of wheat.

As a result production increased, grain elevators were full and prices remained _______________________

Pulp and Paper:  The U.S. had used up much of its sources of_______________________as a result

Canadian pulp exports equaled the total exports of the rest of the world providing many _______________________.

The boom had a down side as _______________________were destroyed, the Canadian economy became dependent on _______________________and Canadians follow these jobs to the U.S.

Hydro Electric Power:  New industries and people in their homes made increased demands on

_______________________ power and Canada with it’s vast _______________________ systems soon became the second largest producer of _______________________ power in the world

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Oil and Gas:  Factories and the increased use of the car put a huge demand on

_______________________ and gas. The discovery of oil in _______________________ in 1924 became a great money maker.

The increased use of _______________________ and _______________________ and gas hurt the Maritimes which was a producer of _______________________ the energy source that was being replaced by hydro and oil and gas.

Mining: New mining discoveries near the _______________________were being developed

with American financing and these discoveries created new jobs and wealth for many Canadians.

PoliticsThe Liberals

led by William Lyon Mackenzie King who was similar to _______________________

He did not take sides and always looked for a compromise to please the majority.

Was Prime Minister from December 1921 to June 1926 and September 1926 to August 1930

The Conservatives When _______________________resigned in 1920, _______________________became the

leader. He had very strong opinions, did not know the meaning of compromise, and

was in favor of _______________________ (taxes) which prairie farmers opposed. Was Prime Minister from July 1920 to December 1921 and June 1926 to

September 1926

Canada's Growing Independence from _______________________ Canada was considered a "colony" of Britain, this meant that Great Britain

had legal control over all _______________________and some Judicial matters. Remember that when Britain declared war on Germany in World War One,

Canada was automatically at_______________________. After World War One there was a growing belief in Canada that we should no

longer be dragged into European Wars without any direct say. King Agreed with this _______________________.

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Life in the Roaring 20s Inventions and new technologies, especially for house hold products,

advanced rapidly during the 20’s due to many Canadian and U.S. citizens ability to afford them and the wide spread use of electricity.

Insulin _______________________- a doctor from _______________________who created the

formula for insulin which helps to control _______________________. His research was done with dogs but the first

human (14 year old Leonard Thompson) was injected in 1922 and results were successful.

Telephone Alexander Graham _______________________- from Brantford, Ontario invented

the telephone. The final model took years to perfect but by _______________________every 3 out

of 4 families had a telephone.Radio Radio linked people across Canada Spread popular _______________________, _______________________information Dominated by American programmingEntertainment _______________________ in the 1920's in Canada centered on participation. Amateur sports such as hockey, football, baseball, lacrosse, etc. flourished

due to the influx of many talented players. Canada's golden age of sport. Amateurs often came out of nowhere to capture

the headlines, medals, and world records Many sports, such as _______________________football, and baseball, were

becoming all _______________________. The Edmonton Grads Women hit the scene large in the 1920's. Edmonton Grads - a successful basketball team that Won

_______________________ games and lost only _______________________ The Grads achieved _______________________Olympic victories. even faced off against professional male teams and won

_______________________out of _______________________ games!Movies Silent until late-1920s - "talkies" Dominated by _______________________ Silent Movies – used orchestra music Talkies – when characters began to speak in the movieArt Group of Seven Canadian landscapes in modern style Emily Carr - Aboriginal life and BC forests

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Prohibition illegal in different parts of Canada for short periods of the 20’s and

illegal in the U.S. during the entire decade. Prohibition is the law that made alcohol illegal 1920s’ Prohibition - not allowed to _______________________,

_______________________, transport, import, or export _______________________ beverages

_______________________ from alcohol was the only way to prevent _______________________.

The primary victims of alcohol abuse were women and children due to _______________________ _______________________.  

_______________________ – illegally selling and distributing boozeGangsters made millions of dollars from the illegal sale of alcohol resulted in a large loss of _______________________ _______________________ since each

province was individually responsible for the sale of alcohol. Gangsters became rich from owning _______________________,

_______________________, brothels, and gambling joints. would carve up a city between rival _______________________, bribe local officials,

and become local celebrities.Positive Effects of Prohibition 1. The _______________________dropped 2. Arrests for drunkenness _______________________ 3. Workers took _______________________ home 4. Industrial _______________________ improved became obvious during the 1920's that prohibition was _______________________

to enforce, plus governments were losing _______________________ in potential taxes on liquor sales.

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Defeating the Demon Rum1. Why was alcohol seen as such a problem for many Canadian families at the

turn of the century?

2. From where and why did opposition to liquor come from?

3. What was the immediate effect of Prohibition?

4. What problems faced the enforcement of the Prohibition laws?

5. What was Temperance Brew?

6. What was the strongest argument for the removal of the ban on alcohol?

7. Why did gangsters get involved in the sale of illegal alcohol? What was the result of their involvement?

8. What and who were “rumrunners”?

9. What did the poorer Americans” do when they could not afford the good illegal booze. What were the possible effects?

Transportation

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Cars cheaper, more popular, because of the _______________________ (Henry Ford)

Highway construction all over _______________________ Often connecting Canada and USAFlight Pilots testing limits Planes used to transport supplies to _______________________ Spring, 1927. The first _______________________flight. New York to Paris.

Slang Words Many American slang words which referred to alcohol became popular in

Canada such as: moonshine (illegal liquor), bootleggers (those who sold it), and speakeasies and blind pigs (places to buy it).

apple sauce Nonsense, meaningless flattery, or baloney. big cheese An important person. coffin varnish Cheap, inferior whisky. dead soldier An empty beer or whisky bottle. drugstore cowboy A young man who hangs around public places and

shows off in an attempt to impress women.

flat tire A dull or boring person. gangster A criminal who belongs to a gang gin mill A blind pig, or speakeasy. heebie-jeebies Feeling nervous, scared, or worried. hooch Whisky or liquor. jack Money. moonshine Whisky or liquor, usually cheap and low-quality because it is

made in illegal stills. May also mean nonsense or baloney.

real McCoy Whisky or liquor that is not watered down — also, people who are genuine and can be counted on.

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