PDHPE HSC Enrichment Day

2015

Core 2

Factors Affecting Performance

Focus Question

How Does Training Affect Performance?

Physiological adaptations in response to training

- Resting heart rate- Stroke volume and cardiac output- Oxygen uptake and lung capacity- Haemoglobin level- Muscle hypertrophy- Effect on fast/slow twitch muscle fibres

Focus Question

How Does Nutrition Affect Performance?

Recovery strategies

- Physiological strategies, e.g. cool down, hydration- Neural strategies, e.g. hydrotherapy, massage- Tissue damage strategies, e.g. cryotherapy- Psychological strategies, e.g. relaxation

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Factors Affection Performance (Slides 2 and 3)

Activities 1:

Identify Key facts about the event K500m that will help when discussing Factors Affecting Performance:

Event Duration = Main Energy System = Main Physical Demands on Athlete =

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Activities 2 and 3:

Complete the table below as indicated by the presenter.

Adaptation Definition Relationship to Improved Performance

Resting heart rate

Stroke volume and cardiac output

Oxygen uptake and lung capacity

Haemoglobin level

Effect on fast/slow twitch fibres

Muscle Hypertrophy

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Ken Wallace (Slide 6)

Activity 4:Ken Wallace (Australian Kayaker) – has been competing for Australia in Kayaking since 18yrs of age (2001).Won his first Olympic Medals in 2008 at Beijing, with gold in the K-1 500 m and bronze in the K-1 1000 m events. Has maintained at the top of his sport ever since, currently winning Gold in both the K1500m, K15000 and K21000 at the World Cup in Europe.

Wallace’s Attributes

A well trained athlete, whose heart is very efficient, beating 42 bpm at rest, with the ability to beat up to 200bpm during competition. Ken is 188cm tall, and weighs 89kg.

His VO2 max is extremely high (75 mls/kg/min)

Low Body fat = 4% to 5%, therefore high lean muscle mass

High Lactate threshold, therefore low lactic acid levels during intense competition and trainingHigh muscle efficiency enabling him to harness more power

In the space below write down the impact of these adaptations on Wallace’s performance.

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Stroke Volume and Cardiac Output (Slide 7)

Activity 5:

Show your understanding of the graphs below by writing your interpretation in the space provided.

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Fox, E, Bowers RW & Foss, M, The Physiological Basis of Physical Education and Athletics, 4th Ed., Wm C

Oxygen Uptake (Slide 8)

Activity 6:

Show your understanding of the graph by writing your interpretation.

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How can Nutrition Affect PerformanceThe Overcompensation Model (Slide 9)

Activity 7:

Ruskin, R, Proctor, K., &Neeves, D., Outcomes 2 HSC Course: Personal development, Health and Physical Education, 3rded.Wiley, Brisbane, 2007

In the space below write down your interpretation of this diagram. (HINT – Role of Recover)

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Recovery Strategies (Slides 10, 11, 12)

Activity 8:

Match the type of recovery strategy with the description. Then identify whether the strategy is Physiological (Ph), Neural (N), Tissue Damage (TD) or Psychological (Ps).

Strategy No.

Type 1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

Decreases skin, subcutaneous and muscle temperature, causing narrowing of the blood vessels (vasoconstriction), which dulls and reduces the sensation of pain, limiting the amount of swelling, reducing muscle spasm and clearing metabolites from superficial skin tissue.Gradually reduces heart rate and metabolism to pre-exercise state. Ventilation rate, blood distribution, adrenalin levels are gradually reduced.Involves a range of different techniques including progressive muscular relaxation, flotation, meditation visualization etc. Choice of technique is very individual.Replenishment of depleted glycogen and blood sugar in the first 30 minutes to 2 hours after exerciseInvolves the use of water to relax, sooth pain and assist metabolic recovery.Helps relieve swelling, reduce muscle tension, assist in eliminating toxic by-products, and promotes flexibility. Focus on body and mental relaxation.Replenishment of fluid lost through exercise.

Cool-down

Hydration

Fuel Recovery

Hydrotherapy

Massage

Cryotherapy

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Relaxation

Recovery Strategies – Ken Wallace (Slide 14)

Activity 8:

Complete the following question: Why would elite athletes use a range of recovery strategies?

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Take Home Activities

Typical Exam-style Questions1. Examine the physiological adaptations in response to training.

2. Explain how increased stroke volume advantages an endurance athlete.

3. Discuss the changes to the cardiorespiratory system, as a result of training, that cause increased stroke volume.

4. Discuss how performance improves as a result of physiological adaptations to training.

5. Investigate the benefits of neural strategies to recover from intense training.

6. Compare the physiological adaptions of an elite athlete and an untrained person in response to training.

7. Justify why elite athletes would use a range of recovery strategies.

8. An athlete has a series of high intensity competitions over a 3 day period. Recommend three recovery strategies that they could employ to assist with their performance.

Supplementary Material1. Calder, Angela. Recovery and Regeneration for Long-Term Athlete Development.

http://www.canadiansportforlife.ca/upload/docs/LTAD%20Downloads%20Eng/Recovery%20and%20Regeneration%20for%20Long-Term%20Athlete%20Development.pdf

2. The Cardiovascular System and Exercisehttp://www.sport-fitness-advisor.com/cardiovascular-system-and-exercise.html

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3. Effect of Hydrotherapy on Recovery from Fatiguehttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18058595

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