____________________________________

Atomic Structure (and Reactions and the Universe) Worksheet. Let’s meet the players….

I. Atoms are made of three basic particles….

Heeeeeey…you can figure this out.

4. You can’t see them all in the picture, but there are 6 protons. What atom is this? (Use your

periodic table and look at the atomic number!) ___________________

5. Is this a most likely a stable atom? ___________

6. What is its atomic mass? ______________

7. What is the average atomic mass for this element? (Use your periodic table and look at the

atomic mass!) ________________

8. Is this a positive ion, a negative ion, or a neutral atom? (Count the number of (+) protons and

(-) electrons.) ________________________

II. But what are protons, neutrons and electrons made of? Subatomic Particles

1. __________________ which are positive, in the nucleus, and have a mass of 1 atomic mass unit (amu).

2. __________________ which are neutral, in the nucleus, and have a mass of 1 amu.

3. __________________ which are negative, in the nucleus, and have a mass of 1/1837 amu. Tiny little sucker.

Quarks! There are six flavors (up, down, strange, charm, bottom, and top) but you just need combinations of ______ and __________ quarks to make protons and neutrons. Recipes are here ----------------- >

They are stuck together by the ___________ Force, carried by a particle known as a _____________. I am not making that up.

Electrons can’t be broken (as far as we know.) They are a type of tiny, super fast critter called a lepton.

The whole zoo of subatomic particles….the Standard Model

Saaaaay….are these the neutrino particles you were talking about at open house where about a trillion go through your hand every second? Yup. Check out https://what-if.xkcd.com/73/

For some interesting “What if?” scenarios. Love me some XKCD.

In case you were wondering, a proton has a mass of .938 GeV/c2. (or 9.38 MeV/c2; Me is MegaVolts)Add the masses of two up and one down quark – it works!!)

III. Elements and CompoundsAn Element is a substance made of only ______ kind of atom. They are all handily organized on the

_______________ Table. You cannot break them down chemically. (You can take particles away, but you

don’t have the same atom you started with.)

An atom of helium. A molecule of oxygen

A molecule is a substance that is

made of ______ or more atoms

chemically combined. (Chemically

combined means they are hooked

together by their electrons.)

This ---------------- >is a special kind of molecule called a

Interlude.

(Wait, the mass of these particles is measured in volts? But that’s energy!)

Yup. Matter and energy are the same thing. E=mc2, ya’ll. Energy equals the mass of an object times the speed of light squared.

Scientists measure the energy (mass) of these subatomic particles in units of electron volts. They measure their mass in units of electron volts/c2, energy divided by c2 where c= the speed of light. To simplify the units, physicists use a unit called a GeV (a giga electron volt equals 109 eV.) Physicists use these units because they make it easier to talk about the teeny mass and energy of the particles, just as astronomers use light years to express

Sodium + Chlorine = sodium chloride, salt!

The bonds that hold the atoms together can break and reform and break and reform into all

kinds of combinations to form all the stuff on earth!

Every time the atoms break or reform bonds, we call that a chemical _________________.

IV. Chemical Reactions

Label the parts of the equation below using the word bank.

A) reactants B) products C) coefficient D) subscript E) yields F) activation energy G) a compound H) a molecule that is not a compound

1. How many carbon atoms TOTAL are there on the reactants side? _______________________

2. How many carbon atoms TOTAL are there on the products side? _______________________

3. How many oxygen atoms TOTAL are there on the reactants side? _______________________

4. How many oxygen atoms TOTAL are there on the products side? _______________________

5. How many hydrogen atoms TOTAL are there on the reactants side? _______________________

6. How many hydrogen atoms TOTAL are there on the products side? _______________________

7. Is this a balanced equation? _______ Does it support the Law of Conservation of Mass? ______

EX. Cr . What is this the equation for? ______________________

This ---------------- >is a special kind of molecule called a