BIOLOGY EOC REVIEW PACKET Spring 20161.1.1: Struc. & Func of Organelles

Identify the FUNCTION of the following organelles:

ribosome

chloroplast

mitochondria

nucleus

cell membrane

Label the picture using the following: ribosome, nucleus, cell membrane, vacuole, cell wall, mitochondria, and chloroplast.

Review Questions Is this cell a plant or animal cell? Explain

Are these cells prokaryotic or eukaryotic? Explain

Twig Carolina Videos: Cells and DNA The Cell What is a cell?

o What are organelles?

The cell membraneo Why is it important for the cell membrane to be selectively permeable?

Label the picture using the following: ribosome, DNA, Flagellum, cili,

1.2.1: Homeostasis

For each of the following terms write a key word:

passive transport active transport osmosis

diffusion ATP Selectively Permeable

Review Questions Which type of transport requires ATP?

Which type of transport allows molecules to move with the concentration gradient (high to low concentration)?

Which type of transport uses protein channels?

Which type of transport removes toxins from the cell?

Twig Carolina Videos: Cells and DNA Experiments

Osmosis and Volume

What type of solution is each beaker? Hypotonic, Hypertonic, or Isotonic.

1.2.2: Cell Cycle/Mitosis

For each of the following terms write a key word:

mitosis chromosome asexual reproduction stem cells binary fission (budding)

diploid haploid cancer cell differentiation

Review Questions When does DNA replication occur? When do the chromosomes line up in the center of the cell? When does the cytoplasm separate to form two cells? How does the DNA compare of the two cells formed by mitosis?

Twig Carolina Videos: Cells and DNA The Cell Cell Division: Mitosis

o How do the cells produced by mitosis compare to the original cell? Different Types of Cells

o Why are cells different? What is Cancer?

Add the following terms and phrases to the Venn diagram comparing mitosis and meiosis.

1. Produces haploid cells 7. Occurs in body 13. Produces 2 cells (somatic) cells

2. Occurs in germ cells 14. Has 2 separate (produces sex cells) 8. Produces 4 cells divisions

3. Occurs in plant and 9. Produces cells that 15. New cells areanimal cells are identical to each different from each

other other4. In humans, produces

cells with 23 10. Homologous 16. In humans, produceschromosomes chromosomes line up cells with 46

paired with each other chromosomes5. Involves cellular

division 11. Cell divides only 17. Homologous once chromosomes do not

6. DNA is copied once line up next to each12. Produces diploid othercells

Mitosis MeiosisBoth

4.1.3: Enzymes

For each of the following terms write a key word:

activation energy substrate restriction enzymes

active site denature lactase

Label the following letters below: products, substrate, enzyme, productsA- B, C and D- E-

Review Questions WORD BANK: There are two extra words in the list below.activation more proteins food decrease increase shape less DNA

*Enzymes belong to the macromolecule group called ___________________________. *All proteins function only if their 3D ________________________ is correct. This means the _____________ (nucleic acid) that codes for each protein must be written without mutation. *Enzymes lower the _____________________________________ energy of a chemical reaction. This means the reaction occurs using much _______________ energy than without the enzyme. *Enzymes also _______________________________ the rate of chemical reactions. Without enzymes, animals couldn’t eat enough ______________ to make enough energy for survival.

Twig Carolina Videos: Cells and DNA The Cell

FactPack: Enzymes

4.2.1: Photosynthesis and Respiration

For each of the following terms write a key word:

glucose mitochondria chloroplast

Label the chloroplast and mitochondria.

aerobic anaerobic ATP

Review Questions

What process is occurring between # 1and #3? Write the equation

What process is occurring between # 3and #1? Write the equation

Twig Carolina Videos: Plants Energy and Growth Photosynthesis

o How do plants acquire their nutrition?o What do plants do with the food they make?

Plant Transporto How do plants transport water and minerals up from the soil?

**Carbon**

3.1.2: Transcription & Translation

Label the following: DNA, RNA, Protein, Nucleus, Cytoplasm, Transcription and Translation

For each of the following terms write a key word:

RNA DNA mutation

replication transcription translation

What breaks the DNA apart?

Twig Carolina Videos: Cells & DNA DNA What is DNA?

How does DNA make protein?

3.2.1: Meiosis

Twig Carolina Videos: Cells & DNA The Cell Cell Division: Meiosis

o How do the cells produced by meiosis compare to the original cell?

For each of the following terms write a key word:

meiosis nondisjunction crossing over

crossing over sexual reproduction chromatin

3.2.2: Inheritance Patterns

For each of the following terms write a key word:

homozygous heterozygous

genotype phenotype

Types of Inheritance Matching:A.Codominance B. Incomplete dominance C. Polygenic D. Multiple alleles E. X-linked F. Environmental influenced

_______1. Colorblind sons inherit the trait from their mom _______ 2. Red and white flowers have pink flowers in the next generation _______ 3. Uses XX and XY_______ 4. A chicken that has black AND white feathers_______ 5. A black labrador mom has brown, black, and white fur puppies. _______ 6. More common in males_______ 7. Recessive blood type is type O blood. _______ 8. Only females are carriers_______ 9. IAIA and IAi have the same phenotype

_______ 10. Your skin will make more dark pigment (color) melanin if you are in the sun._______ 11. Height, weight, skin and eye color._______ 12. Temperature and pH can affect the gene expression of plants.

Genetic Disorders:____ 1. Dominant disease A. Cystic fibrosis____ 2. Forms mucus in the digestive system B. PKU____ 3. Results from an immunity to malaria C. Sickle-cell anemia____ 4. African ancestry D. Huntington’s____ 5. Onset later in life____ 6. Getting an injection of enzyme can keep this disease inactive____ 7. Gene therapy has extended the lifespan of patients____ 8. Can’t eat a lot of animal protein

Twig Carolina Videos: Cells & DNA Genetics Inheritance Part 1

Inheritance Part 2

Huntington’s The Disease

Cystic Fibrosis

Practice Problems: 1. Mom has type A blood. Dad has type AB blood. What possible blood types could their children inherit?

2. A farmer is breeding jackrabbits and antelopes. They express co-dominance when bred together. What is the probability of offspring if a homozygous jackrabbit (JJ) is crossed with a heterozygous antelope (Jj).

3.3.1: DNA Technology

For each of the following terms write a key word:

gel electrophoresis stem cells transgenic organisms

What is this picture above represent? How is it made?

Which couple is most likely the parents of the baby? Explain

What is a DNA Fingerprint?

Twig Carolina Videos: Cells & DNA The Cell

Genetic Modification

3.4.1: Evolutionary Evidence and 3.4.2: Natural Selection

For each of the following terms write a key word:

vestigial homologous structures biochemical embryological fossil

fitness stabilizing selection directional selection disruptive selection geographic isolation

Twig Carolina Videos: Adaptation & Evolution Evolutionary Theory Natural Selection

Mechanisms of Evolution

Evolution: Evidence

3.5.2: Classification

For each of the following terms write a key word:

phylogeneic tree/cladogram dichotomous key Monera (bacteria kingdom)

binomial nomenclature KPCOFGS taxonomy

Review Questions What is the following mnenomic supposed to help you remember:

o King Phillip Came Over For Great S_________

Which is the largest/most inclusive taxon?

Which is the most specific, least diverse taxon?

Twig Carolina Videos: Adaptation & Evolution Adaptation Adaptation

Predator & Prey

Classification

2.2.1: Human Impacts

For each of the following terms write a key word:

pollution climate change habitat destruction

population growth invasive species

• We are releasing CO2 and other related forms of carbon into the atmosphere at a much faster rate than they are absorbed.

• This is due to the ever increasing rate at which we:– Clear-cut and burn forests for housing and farming– Burn fossil fuels

• These activities have resulted in the phenomenon of global warming.• The burning of fossil fuels also releases nitrogen and sulfur compounds.• These compounds combine with water vapor in the air to produce acids.• The acids then migrate for miles and fall as acid rain.• Biological magnification/ Bioaccumulation occur when pesticides build up in animal tissue as you

move up a food chain.There are 3 basic ways that human actions threaten biodiversity: • Introducing non-native species• Hunting organisms to extinction• Habitat destruction

Go over: **Ecosystem of NC**

**Cleared farmland**

**Natural Resources**

**Depletion of nonrenewable resources**

**Use sunscreen**