TENSES

fuh b'NdYfõ jeo.;a jHdlrk mvuls' Ndú;h wkqj fuh m%Odk fldgia 2 la hgf;a y|kd.; yelThis is very important grammar lesson in English language. According the usage mainly this can be identified under 2 groups Active voice -l¾;D ldrlPassive voice - l¾u ldrl

Active voice -l¾;D ldrlActive voice sentence

Subject Verb Object

Subject is the doer of a sentenceSubject - jelsfha l%shj lrkakd subject fyj;a l¾;D kï fõ

I - uu" We - wms" You - Tn" They - Tjqka" He - Tyq" She - wh" It - W!"

Verb is the word which is used to describe what subject does Verb - jelshl l¾;D lrkq ,nk foh úia;r lrk moh l%shj kï fõ

Helping verb (auxiliary verb)-is,am,are,was,were,will be,have been, has been,shall be,do does,did, will ,shall ,has ,have ,had,will have

Main verb (principal verb)-

Eg- drinks ,drink ,drank, drunk

An object is a noun (or pronoun) that is governed by a verb or a preposition.

Object - l¾;D lrkq ,nk l%shjg hg;a jk foa l¾uh object kï fõ (fuh ku mohla fyd i¾jkduhla úh yel

I me ug$uj$uf.kaWe usYou youThey themHe hisShe herIt itMother mother

01 The Simple present tense

We use simple present tense to talk about.Habitual actions -mqreoola jYfhka lrk l%shde.g.-I always help my parentsI read English newspaper everyday Natural incidents/universal truth- iajNdúl isÿúïe.g.-The sun rises in the east/ The sun gives us light /Rain fails/ Dog barks

Planned future actions/ regular actions/ time table- l%uj;a j isÿjk l%shjkae.g.-The train leaves at 3.30 pm

Newspaper headlines- mqj;a m;a Ys¾Ymdg j,ÈE.g.-Fifty die in bomb attack/ Match ends in draw

Future plans wkd.; isÿõï-

The prime minister lands at 8 am/ The minister meets the president tomorrow

Structure of the sentence

The singular form of verb

To express simple present tense we use the infinitive form of the verb with plural subject whereas the singular verb is used with singular subject

By adding ES,ES, IES and SGo= GoesTeach = teachesPlay = playsFly fliesStudy = studiesFinish finishesCatch catchesDiscuss discussesMix mixes

These kind of adverbs are normally used with the simple present tense

Every second ,every minute, every hour, Every day ,twice a day ,once a day, thrice a day,, every week , every month once a month, every afternoon ,every evening , every year every Sunday, on Sundays, monthly , weekly, annually twice a week

Affirmative form

Rewrite following sentences in singular form

Eg-1. My sisters study at Visaka college /02 we help our parents /03 They plays

cricket in the evening/04 Teachers leave the school early/05 I do my homework in every evening/ 06We brush our teeth early in the morning/07 The ministers meet the president/08 They celebrate their 25th wedding anniversary/09 Soldiers fight bravely in the battle field /10 They goes to Colombo every Sunday

Subject + Main verb+ Object+ Adverbial

The following words are used to describe habits.

These words are ADVERBS of frequency normally They are placed between subject and verb or before subject

01 always -yeufjf,u 06 Occasionally - idukafhk02 Usually -ks;ru 07 Seldom/rarely- l,;=rlsk 03 Normally /generally- 08 hardly- fkdlrk ;rï04 Often/frequently- iuyr úg 09 never -ljodj;a

05 ometimes - b|ysg

1. It always happen /02 Sirisena sometime loiters around the city/03 She usually meets me /04 Sometime Our Grandma speaks /05 Our school normally wins the match/06 The president rarely dissolves the parliament /07 Sometime buses clashes with trains/08 They seldom visit us/09 This institute never opens at 7.00 pm/10 They always speak in Sinhala

Daily routine 01 Use sequence markers (next, then, after that firstly, finally)

Firstly I get up, I take a shower, I brush my teeth, I take my bed tea, I get dressed, I prepare my bag, I have my breakfast, Next I go to work/ come to T. Collge , Then I start working at 9, After that I have lunch, Then I finish work, I arrive home, I have dinner, I watch TV, Finally I go to bed

My daily routine 02

My name is Adam. I always wake up at 7 o’clock in the morning then I wash my face and brush my teeth. After that,  I do some exercises then I put my clothes on and prepare my school bag. Next, I have my breakfast and wait for the school bus. At 8 o’clock I go to school and start my first class then I go to the second class. After that, I often take my lunch break and talk with my friends. At around 12 noon I go back home and take a rest. Next, I usually watch some TV and chat with my family then I do my homework and help my mother in the house. At  9 o’clock I read a book and go to sleep.

My Daily Routine Essay  start here (Point Wise).03

 1.I get up very early in the morning.2.I clean my teeth.3.Then I take my bath.4.After my bath I take breakfast.5.At 7.00 AM I go to school.6. I return to home from school at 1.30PM.7.I take a rest after taking  my lunch daily.8.I play for one hour in the evening.9.I take my evening milk and sit for study.10.On few days (not daily) I sit on computer and do paint shop and logo.11.I watch cartoon at 9 pm.12.I take my dinner at 9.30 pm.13.I go to bed at 10 pm.

My daily routine 04

I am an early riser. I get up at 5 A.M. sharp. The first thing I do is to drink a glassful of water, for it keeps the bowels clean. After brushing my teeth and washing my face. I study for two hours. At 7 A.M. I massage my body and take a cold bath. Then I have my breakfast which includes a glass of steaming hot milk. At 8.15 A.M. I start for my school along with a friend who lives nearby. In free periods I go to library and read newspapers and magazines. At half past two I return and have my lunch. After an hour’s rest I go to the playground to play football. I take my supper at 9.0 P.M. and before going to bed do my homework. This is my routine. I am quite satisfied with it.

How to prepare milk rice

Firstly take some rice. Then place in a pot Next add water, clover and salt to have a very good taste After that cook rice until rice is tender Then add coconut milk and stir Next reduce heat and cook until rice absorbs the coconut milkNext spread milk rice on a flat dish using a banana leaf Finally cut pieces of diamond shape How to prepare coconut Sambol

Crush and grind the shallots or onions with a mortar or pestleThen add the red chili pieces and Maldives fish to the mortar and mix them with the onionsNext put everything in a plate or small bowl and add lemon juice and salt

How to prepare a cup of tea

Firstly we Boil some water. Then we Put some tea leaves into the water and closed the lid for two minitues. After two minutes we open the lid and strain into another cup Then we add milk and sugar according to the preference finally we serve it

How to prepare a coconut Sambol

Take some chillies, pepper, garlic, onions, and salt Next we grind them togetherThen we add some scraped coconutAfter that we add little lime juice Finally we mix them well together

How to plant a tree

Firstly we dig a hole/ Then we put some manure into it / Next we keep the plantThen we cover the roots with soil/ Finally we water the plant

Negative Form

The singular form of verbBy adding S,ES,IESDoes + Go= GoesDoes+ teach = teachesDoes+ play = playsDoes+ study =studies

The plural form of verbDo+ go= goDo + teach = teachDo+ study =study

Do+ not don’t

Does + not doesn’t

01 I usually don’t tell lies/ 02 She doesn’t talk with me in the class room/ 03 Sri Lanka doesn’t export vehicles/04 It doesn’t happen almost every day/05 She never betrays us/06 She never questions you/07 I hardly bathe in the see/ 08 She hardly talk in English/ 09 She hardly sleeps in the bed/10 This government doesn’t reduce the price of good/11 Brother hardly reads books/12 Buses doesn’t go on our road/13 They don’t guide us/14 I don’t forget you

Question formSentence formation

She does go home every day Does she go home every day ? Yes she does , No she doesn’t Eg-01 do you understand what I say ? Yes I do02 does she learn at sujatha college ? Yes she does03 Do they know you? No they don’t 04 Does your grandmother observe sill on poya day? Yes she does05 Does your mother cook rice every morning? Yes she does

06 Does doctor check patient? Yes he is07 Do you do your homework every day? No I don’t 08 Do they go on trip once a month? Yes they do09 Do you know me? No I don’t 10 Do you usually read newspaper in your lesser time? Yes I do

Negative question FormShe doesn’t like youDoesn’t she like you? Yes she doesn’t or No she doesEg-Don’t you understand me?Don’t you hear me?Don’t you want me?Don’t they speak English?Doesn’t it happen every dayDoesn’t she love meThey don’t play with us?Don’t you see the mistake?Doesn’t she call you every dayDon’t you listen to the summons every day?Doesn’t she borrow money?Don’t you wash your cloths every day?

WH Questions What fudllao@ Where fldfyo@, Who lõo@, Why wehs@, Which fldhs@, When ljodo@ With whom ld tlalo@, How fldfyduo@, How much fldÉpr m%ukhla o@How many How old fldÉpr jhio@, How far fldÉpr ÿro@, How long fldÉpr È.o@, What kind of fudk úÈfho@", What type of l=uk wldrfha o@ Whom ldjo@, Whose ldf.o@, At what time lshgo@, To whom ldgo@, From whom ldf.kao@, By whom ld úiskao@, For whom ld fjkqfjkao@, How often fldÉpr ldf,lg miafio@

02 The Simple past tense

Introduction

Simple past tense is used to talk about things that completed in the pastw;s;fh È isÿ jq mßmqrk isÿõï fyda l%shdjka m%lY lsßu i|yd ir, w;s; ld, jdlHka fhdod .efka

Subject+ Helping verb+ main verb+ object+ adverbial

In this regard the main verb is made with “did”. It may be regular or irregularIrregular RegularEg- did+ go = went Did+ watch =watchedDid+ com =came Did + wash =washedDid+ see =saw Did + study= studiedDid +eat =ate Did+ play =playedDid + bring=brought

Affirmative

Eg-01 Sri Lanka won the match last week/02 You betrayed me yesterday/03 They defeated us/04 I lost my purse the day after yesterday/05 The government started new project last month/06 We faced the examination well/07 Everyone understood the lesson/08 I thought you would come/09 She said that she wouldn’t cheat me/10 He went home ate rice/11 He came and met me/12 It happened in 1999/13 A heavy wind blew/14 The student cleaned the classroom yesterday/15 My friends gave me a gift voucher for my last birthday/16 His grandfather died a few months ago

Negative form

Did+ not = didn’t + infinitive01I didn’t see you/02She didn’t come to class yesterday/03Anyone didn’t help me/04I didn’t hear what you say/05She didn’t come home last week/06He didn’t neglect work/06I didn’t call you

Question formDid you understand what you say? Yes I did/02Did you finish this work today itself? No I didn’t/03Did I ever laugh at you?/04Did you see my latest invitation?/05Did you get hair cut yesterday?/06Did you take my phone?

03 The simple future tense

hfula wkd.;fh§ isÿlrk fyda lsßug n,fmdfrd;a;=jk ^i,iqï fkdlrk ,o& l%shjka m%lY lsßu i|ydThe simple future tense is used to talk about the actions which is done by someone in the futuref;dr;=re"okaúï fyda idol u¾.fhka wkd.; isÿõï fmdfrdl;kh lsßfuÈ

When we predict future event /sates most often based on some information like advertisements, poster or announcement

Will = with all the subjectsShall with ‘I’ and ‘we’.I I’llWe we’llYou you’llThey will they’llHe he’llShe she’llIt it’ll

We use following adverbials with the simple future tenseOne day/ tomorrow/next week, Wednesday/next year/soon/tonight/in2020/tomorrow morning

Affirmative formMother will scold you /02 I will inform you later /03 I will meet you tomorrow/04 they will give you an invitation/05 He well look after you/06 He will win the election highly/07It will be OK for you/08 The court will confiscate him property/ 09 They will control the living cost/ 10 the public will eradicate mosquito breeding places

Negative form

Will+ not = won’t Shall+ not = shan’t Will + never = will never01The government won’t reduce the price of good/02 The police won’t arrest the suspect/03They won’t auction the land/04 The president won’t forget the brave soldier /05 You will never qualify for the university/06This home will never belong to me/07You won’t understand me/08You won’t love me/09You won’t come to the class

Question FormThd uj n|úo@Will you marry me? Yes I will/ no I won’t /02Will they punish us?/03Will you come tomorrow?Will Sri Lanka win the match?/04Will it rain tomorrow?05Will she pass the exam?By using “shall”

Subject+ Helping verb+ Main verb+ object +adverbial

Shall I take your pen?Shall I bring you a chocolate?Shall we go out for a while?

Negative Question Formweh úNd.hg iyN.s fkdfjúo@01 Won’t she participate to the exam? Yes she won’t / 02 No she will/03 Won’t he bring the book?/04 Won’t they address the meeting? /05Won’t they select us?/06 Won’t she understand me?

Practical ActivitiesReading horoscope or ask students to write list of changes they expect to see in the world by date 50 years in the futuree.g- Continue the story……Hi good morning , today I’m going to tell how Nalaka is going to spent his next year. According to his horoscope he will win a lottery in the first month of the year. Then he will buy a new car and house in May or June. The new car will bring him a good attraction among others and he will take his mother to the doctor and he will take medicine for his mother. In August He will meet a girlfriend and he will fall in love….

04 The present continuous tense (present progressive tense)

l;dlrk fudfydf;a È isÿjk l%shjka m%lY lsßu i|yd m%j¾;k ld,h fhdod.kq ,efíThe present continuous tense is used to describe or refer to an action at the moment of speaking wkd.;fha isÿlsßug i,iqï l, l%shdjkaWhen expressing planed future actions

Now future future in future

The common formula

There are some verbs which can’t be added ING and Those verbs are not used with this formula

Subject + helping verb +main verb +object + adverbial

Is,am,are ING form

(these verbs are used with simple present tense) b'NdYfõ NdIdfõ ING tl;=l, fkdyels l%shd mo lsmhla ;sfí tjd lsisúfgl;a fuu rgfjka Ndú;d fkdfõUnderstand, hear, know, smell, believe, remember, love, forget, agree, mean, suppose, want, contain, seems, depend, hate, identify, trust, realize, need

Following time expressions are commonly used with the present continuous tense: today, at present, at the moment, still, now, tomorrow, next year etc.

eg- 01wms fï i;s wka;fha pdßldjla hkj hdmkhgWe are going on a trip to Jafna this weekend

1. He is playing a cricket match now2. Something is happening out side of the class3. A girl is asking question from the teacher4. We are leaving for London tomorrow5. He is always losing her key (this is habitual action)6. They are teaching a lesson to the students7. My Father is watching T.V and mother is cooking in the kitchen at this moment8. I am working on a new project now.9. My father is working in his office at the moment.10. I am traveling with Kamal tomorrow.11. We are still waiting for their reply.12. He is working for a foreign company at present.

Negative FormIs isn’t

Am not am not

Are aren’t

weh wo fndfydu ld¾h nyq,fõ tu ksid wo weh tkafk keShe is busy therefore She isn’t coming todayWe are not playing nowThey are not discussing in the class roomMother is not going fair todayFather isn’t working in the garden at this timeI am not eating curd today

Question FormShe is playingIs she playing? Yes she is, no she isn’tAre you sleeping? Yes I am , no I am not

Are you waiting for someone? Yes I am, no I am notIs he going to channel a doctor?Is NImal going to write a letterIs somebody walking outsideAre listening to the lesson?

Negative Question FormIsn’t he writing a book? yes he isn’t , no he isIsn’t she dancing well? Yes he isn’t , no he isAren’t they participate for the party? Isn’t kamal playing cricket nowIsn’t your mother observe sil on this poya day?

Wh-question formWhat is she reading in the classroom?Where is kamal sitting now?How are you listening to a lecture at this moment?With whom are they playing cricket in the playground?To whom is he calling now?

Going to……..We are going to temple this morningI am going to appear for the exam end of this year

05 The Past continuous tensePast continuous tense is used to say that something was going on around a particular time in the pastw;S;fha ksYaÑ; ld,mrihl fkdlvjd isÿ jq hula m%lY lsßu i|yd fuu ld,h Ndú;d lrkq ,efí.

future in the past past Now

eg- uu 7 g ú;r f.or hk úg lu,a .sgdrh jdokh lrñka isáhd wfhYd Tyq f.a ;d,hg kgñkqb isáfhaWhen I reach my home at about seven kamal was playing the guitar Ayesha was dancing according to his rhythm ta fj,dfõ yhafhka jysñkqb ;snqfk

Subject + helping verb +main verb + adverbial

Was,were

It was pouring at that timeWhen I was coming he was watching TVWhile father was working on the garden brother was helping her When I was going on a trip I saw an accidentSomeone was calling to president when he entered to the parliamentI didn’t hear you because I was having a bath at that timeI couldn’t understand what you were sayingBefore you come we were talking about youWhen I went home mother was washing cloths

The other FormShe was reading when I came-positiveShe wasn’t reading when I came- NegativeWas she reading when I came? Yes she was / No she wasn’t - QuestionWasn’t she reading when I came?-yes she isn’t / No she is Negative question

They were parking the cars in park lotThey weren’t parking the cars in park lotWere they parking the cars in park lotWeren’t they parking cars in park lot

Sarath was calling to somebodySarath wasn’t calling to somebodyWas sanath calling to somebodyWasn’t sanath calling to somebodyThe future continuous tense

06 The future continuous tense

hfula wkd.;fha tla;rd wjia;jl mgka .kakd l%shdjl w;r ueo isákd nj m%ldY lsßfuÈ fuu l,h Ndú;d lryelTo express that someone is in the middle of action which happen in a particular time of the future (this is a temporary event in progress)

Now point in future future in the future

wk.;fha isÿlsßug kshñ; l%shdjka m%ldY lsßfïÈ To express about the actions which are to be done in futureEg –Her father will be watching TV in this morningThe children will be playing in the playground,nk uifha fï jkúg uu fld,U hñka b¢ú Thd ta jk úg /lshdjla lrñka b¢ú This time next month I will be going to Colombo and you will be doing a job

uu f.or hk õg wïud frÈ fidoñka b|úWhen I go home mother will be washing clothsuu fyg w¨;a ld¾ tlla .kak n,dfmdfrd;a;= fjkj tfu ksid uu fyg Wfoa 730 g ú;r fld,U hkak n,fmdfrd;a;= fjkj b;ska uu fyg fï jk úg w¨;a lrhlska f.or hñka b|úI hope to buy a new car tomorrow. Therefore I hope to go to Colombo at about 7.30 Then I will be going home by a new car tomorrow this timeWhen you go there they will be sleeping I hope to go to the library tomorrow morning so I will be reading books in library at 10.30 amSri lanka is to play cricket match tomorrow therefore he will be listening to the radio by this time tomorrow

The other forms

They will be facing the exam tomorrow- affirmative They won’t be facing the exam tomorrow- negativeWill they be facing the exam tomorrow?- QuestionWon’t they be facing the exam tomorrow- negative question?

They will be fling to London this time tomorrow They won’t be fling to London this time tomorrowWill they be fling to London this time tomorrowWon’t they be fling to London this time tomorrow

07 The present perfect tense

w;S;fha lsishï ld,mrdihl isÿ jq fyd iïmqrk jq l%shdjka"m%;sM, fyd wjia;d j¾;ukfha oelsfuka yÿkd .ksu fuu ld,h u.ska isÿfõThe present perfect tense is often used to talk about past action events which are completely finished. It is identified by seeing the perfect action (perfect tense has current relevance, this tense is not used with adverbs of past time eg- yesterday, last week)

Future in the past past right now

The common Formula

Affirmative Form

Somebody has come home

Subject+ Helping verb +Main verb +Object+ adverbial

Have/has part participle

Mother has washed my shirtsSomebody has broken the windowI have seen you beforeWe have watch this film beforeNimal has taken my key before I comeHe has already completed the courseI have already red this bookI have attend this class since 1960

Question form

Has + not hasn’t + P.PHave haven’t

I haven’t seen himI haven’t come here beforeI haven’t seen him beforeI haven’t taken lunch yetI have never drunk such a tea before

Question formShe has bought a new car? yes she has / No she hasn’t Has she bought a new car?Have you had the lunch?Have the police arrest the thief?Have you appear the exam before?Has the rain ceased?He has become a doctor

Use age of HAVE EVERThis is the film I have ever seenYou are the best friend I have ever met

Negative Question formHaven’t you heard this song before?Haven’t you pay attention in this regard?Haven’t the police taken him into the custody?Hasn’t she taken medicine for illness?Have you never read a English newspaper?

08 The past perfect tense

past perfect tense Ndú;d lrkq ,nkafka w;s; ld,fhaÈ iïmqrk jq fyd isÿú wjikaj w;s;ld, Èu m%;sM, oElsh yls jq l%shdjka fyd wjia;d m%ldY lsßugh

Past perfect is used to report action or events that happened or completed before another point in the past. Their result can be seen in the pasthïlsis l%shdjla isÿfjug fmr ;j;a l%shjla isÿ jq nj fmkaõu ioyd ie,lsh hq;= lsisúfgl;a ;ks jdlHalska fkdoela fõ' ieu úgu thg iïnkao l, ;j;a jdlHahla we; (conjunction we can use-after, before, as soon as, till, until, when, if)Past perfect is used to indicate that one action had been completed before another started

Future in the past a point in the past(result) right now

Common formula

Affirmative Form

uu tkúg nkaÿ, fmd,af.ä j.hla lv, ;snqkd when I come + Bandula had plucked some coconut

ckdÈm;s;=ud tkúg wfma lkavdhu f.d, folla /ia lr, ;snqkWhen the president arrived, our team had scored two goals alreadyBefore he arrived, I had finish my work When the bell rang, someone had left the room When I came to the lecture, the lesson had taughtWhen he called to the police, they had broken the door When I went to the exam hall, the exam had started When we got to the bus station, the bus had left If I had saved money in a bank I would have been in happy

Negative FormThey hadn’t completed the courseShe hadn’t passed the examThey hadn’t taken callWhen I went there they hadn’t come

Question FormHad she transferred to ampara? Yes she had/ No she hadn’tHad Nimal gone to London?Had you refer book before come to the class?When I come home had you taken the key?Negative Question Form

Subject+ Helping verb +Main verb +Object+ adverbial

Had part participle

Hadn’t they save money in a bank? Yes they hadn’t / no they had Hadn’t you followed a computer course?Hadn’t she left home by 7.00 AM?

09 The Future Perfect Tense

wkd.; ld,fhaÈ isÿjk l%shdjl wkd.; m%;sMa, ms,sn|j m%lY lsßu fuys wruqkfõThe purpose of this tense is to express the result of completed action in future

Right now A point in the future Future in the future

Time phrases- By next November /By /By the time/Before /By tomorrow/7 o'clock/next month/Until/till

I am going to see a movie when I will have finished my homework. Not Correct I am going to see a movie when I have finished my homework. Correct

1. Students will have passed the examination.2. I will have read the all chapters in this book3. You will have studied the English tenses by next month4. She will have cooked dinner for you all5. We will have ariange a wdding 6. The government will have finished housing project end of this year7. When you come here the rain will have ceased 8. I shall have completed this work by end of this month9. When the police come here, everything will have happened10. The guests will have arrived at the hotel by tomorrow11. before you go home, They will have had their lunch 12. The train will have left by the time they come 13. Before they come, we will have cleaned up the house.

Other FormsShe will have got married She won’t have got marriedWill she have got married?Won’t she have got married?

Subject + Helping verb + main verb + object + adverbial

Will have/shall have

They will have won the electionThey won’t have won the electionWill they have won the election?Won’t they have won the election?

She will have found a job by 2015She won’t have found a job by 2015Will she have found a job by 2015?Won’t she have found a job by 2015?

Practical activity Classmate Predictions

On several small slips of paper, have your students write anonymous predictions about their classmate’s futures using the future perfect tense. They should not use their classmate’s names in the predictions. For example, ‘This person will have had five children in five years’. Then have your students hand these predictions in and read each prediction in front of the class. Can the class guess who the prediction is about? Can they guess who wrote it?

10 The present perfect continuous tense

Future in the past A point Right now in the past

w;s;fha isg l;dlrk fudfyd; olajd fkdlvjd flfrñka fyd isÿfjñka mej;=k l%shdjka m%lY lsßu i|yd present perfect continuous tense Ndú;d lrkq ,nhs Ⱦ> ld,hla fkdlvjd l;d lrk ufyd; olajd isÿfjñka mj;sk l%shdjkapresent perfect continuous tense is used to talk about an action began in the past and continuing up to the time of speaking (You can see incomlete action)This can be used with time phraseFor, since, long, all the time, all day, all week

wms uq¨ ikaoH ld,fhaÈu badminton fi,a,ï lrñka b|, ;shkjd

Subject + Helping verb + principal verb + object+ Adverbial

Have been/has been

We have been playing badminton all eveningPeople have been waiting for a long timePresident maithreepala sirisena has been ruling sri lanka since January It has been raining since morningShe has been teaching for two hoursThey have been waiting for two days I have been writing this book since evening She takes an umbrella every day because it has been raining for two month and will continue furtherI started this course on 2th of April and I am still following this course so I have been following this course for three months

The Other Forms

Turn into Affirmative, Negative, Question, Negative questionThey have been playing with friends since 10 amShe has been studying for two years-Somebody has been smoking in the room

11 The past perfect continuous tense

To express that an action started in a particular time of the past and continued up to a certain time of the past for a long period of time

w;s; ld,fha È mgkaf.k Ⱦ>ld,hla ;siafia flfrñka ;sì w;s; ld,h ;=,u wjika jqkq l%shjka m%ldY lsßfïÈ Ndú;d fõ

Future in past past now

WH Question type (Present perfect continuous tense) The present perfect continuous tense indicates that the action began in the past and still going onIt can be used time phrase like thisFor, since, all day, all week

Subject + Helping verb + main verb + object + Adverbial

Had been + ING

WH question asks information of somebody or something

What fudllao@ Where fldfyo@, Who lõo@ , since when ljod isgo @ With whom ld tlalo@, How fldfyduo@, How many fldÉpr m%ukhla o@ , How far fldÉpr ÿro@, How long fldÉpr ld,hlao@, To whom ldgo@, From whom ldf.kao@,

Since when has he been learning English?She has been learning English since Monday

Since when has he been working in the office?She has been working in the office since September

What has she been writing/cooking/selecting/ for 2 hours?She has been writing a letter for 2 hors Where have they been playing/dancing/singing a song all day?They have been playing in the garden all day

With whom has she been talking all the time ?(no complement}She has been talking with her friend all the time

How have they been learning arts for two month?They have been learning arts with a book for two month

How many students have been working/speaking/playing here since this morning?10 students have been working here since this morning

Who has been sitting by the table for several minutes?My friend has been sitting by the table several time

Who has been working in the garden since this morning?A worker has been working in the garden since this morning

How far has she been walking all the time?She has been walking 2 kilometers all the time

How long have you been working in this factory?I have been working this factory for 10 years

To whom has she been talking for 3 hours?She has been talking to her friend for 3 hours

From whom has kamal been questioning for 10 minutes Kamal has been questioning from a thief for 10 minutes