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Psalm 19

(19:1)

(19:2)

מעשה1

,beat“ = רקע extended surface, (solid) expanse” under BDB 956a. Root“ = רקיעstamp, beat out, spread out”.

(19:3)

.to negate a passive participle (not) בלי = Grammatical note – בלי נשמע קולםSee Williams §419.

flow, spring, bubble up”, Hiphil “pour out, emit, cause to bubble, belch“ = נבעforth” (poetry and late) under BDB 615b.

utterance, speech, word” (only poetry and exalted style (=???)) under BDB“ = אמר56b.

.חוי III = only Piel “tell, declare” (poetry and late) under BDB 296b. Arm חוה

(19:4)

(19:5)

Difficult verse with several text critical issues.

wait“ = קוה II = “line” (here figurative of their domain?) under BDB 876a. Root קוfor”.2

.”cut off“ = קצה end, extremity” under BDB 892a. Root“ = קצה

under BDB 385b. See also Akk tabalu (ארץ poetic synonym of) ”world“ = תבל“(by) land”. Root יבל = “conduct, bear along”.1 “Cairo, a few manuscripts מעשה; Cairo, Symmachus, Targum, Vulgate equivalent of ומעשי ‘works’”.2 “Septuagint (Symmachus, Syriac) φθογγος (=???)”.

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.word, speech, utterance” (poetry especially Job and Arm) under BDB 576a”= מלהRoot מלל = “speak, utter, say”. Arb malla IV “dictate (a letter)”.

3לשמש

4בהם

(19:6)

תןח Sab .חתנא daughter’s husband, bridegroom” under BDB 368b. Arm“ = חתן “daughter’s husband”. Vulgar Arb ḥatanu(n) “daughter’s husband”. Akk ḫatanu “daughter’s husband”.

,enclose, surround“ = חפף canopy, chamber” under BDB 342b. Rare. Root“ = חפהcover”.

?exult, rejoice” under BDB 965a. Arb šaʾšaʾ“ = שוש שיש

(19:7)

.place or act of going forth, issue, export, source, spring” under BDB 425b“ = מוצאRoot יצא = “go or come out”.

go“ נקפ II = קופ coming round, circuit” under BDB 880b. Rare. Root“ = תקופהaround”.

.above verse 5 קצה end” under BDB 892a. Compare“ = קצה

5קצותם

be or become“ = חמם heat, sun (poetry)” under BDB 328b. Rare. Root“ = חמהwarm”.

(19:8)

3 “Cairo, a few manuscripts ולשמש compare Syriac; Septuagint εν τω ηλιω ‘in the sun’”.4 “Septuagint omits”.5 “Cairo reads קצותיו, Septuagint (Syriac) ακρου του ουρανου which is equivalent of ־ת השמים”.

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,be complete“ = תמם complete, sound” under BDB 1071a. Root“ = תמיםfinished”.

.”witness“ = עד testimony” under BDB 730a. Root“ = עדות

be“ = פתה simple, (possibly as) open-minded” under BDB 834a. Root“ = פתיspacious, wide, open” under BDB 834a.

(19:9)

precept” under BDB 824a. Only Psalms? Sense of “thing“ = פקודappointed, charge”.

.”purify, select“ = ברר II = “pure, clean” under BDB 141a. Root בר

be or become light” under BDB 21a. Arb ʾawwara “enkindle”. Arm Aphel“ = אור“illumine”.

(19:10)

.”be clean, pure“ = טהר clean, pure” under BDB 373a. Root“ = טהור

(19:11)

.חמד desire, take pleasure in”, Niphal “desirable” under BDB 326a. Arm“ = חמדArm ḥamida “praise, eulogize, approve of”. Sab חמדת = “in gratitude [praise] therefore”.

.”become or be sweet, pleasant” under BDB 608b. Akk matāqu “be sweet“ = מתקArm מתק “be sweet”. Arb m-ṭ-q (dissimilation t > ṭ before q) “smack (the lips with pleasure)”.

?”be refined“ = פזז Root .פיזא refined, pure gold”. Talmud“ = פז

”Arb ṭawfu(n) “skin-raft .טוף flow, overflow, [float]” under BDB 847a. Arm“ = צוףas LW? Rare.

.Rare .נפת flowing honey, honey from the comb” under BDB 661b. Ph“ = נפת

(19:12)

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II = Hiphil “instruct”, Niphal “be instructed, admonished, warned” under BDB זהר264a. Arm Aphel Pael and so on זהר. Arb zahara VIII “take care of, be mindful of” perhaps Arm LW.

,consequence, (usually as adverbial accusative) as a consequence of“ = עקבbecause (that), also reward, end” under BDB 784b. Root עקב = “heel”.

(19:13)

.Piel “hold innocent, acquit” under BDB 667ab = נקה

?שגגת error” under BDB 993a. Hapax? Read“ = שגיאה

(19:14)

boil up, seethe, act“ = זיד זוד insolent, presumptuous” under BDB 267b. Root“ = זדproudly, presumptuously, rebelliously”.

6מזדים

.”remit, spare“ חסך Palm .חסך withhold, refrain” under BDB 362a. Arm“ = חשךSab משחכן “weaned (child)”.

.Qal prefix 1cs תמם .Difficult form – איתם

.”rebel, transgress“ = פשע transgression” under BDB 833a. Root“ = פשע

(19:15)

.goodwill, favour, acceptance, will” under BDB 953b“ = רצון

resounding music, meditation, musing” under BDB“ = הגיון or הגיון212a. Root הגה = moan, growl, utter, speak, muse (only poetry)”.

7לפניך

6 “Septuagint απο αλλοτριων = מזרים”.7 “Septuagint adds δια παντος which is equivalent of תמיד”.

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