UNIT 2 (16 Mark)

1. PHOTOSHOP BASIC Photoshop is Adobe's photo editing, image creation and graphic design

software. The software provides many image editing features for raster (pixel-based) images as well as vector graphics. It uses a layer-based editing system that enables image creation and altering with multiple overlays that support transparency.

Important parts of Photoshop Screen is Menu bar Property Bar Working Area Tool Box Layer Window Color panel

Menu BarThe menu bar consists of 10 menus: 

File,  Edit, Image,  Layer,  Type, Select,  Filter,  View,  Window, Help.

1.File Menu

New: Use ot open new screen

Open : Use to open used one

Save : Use to save a file

Import : Use to Import an image

2. Edit menu

The Edit menu is also one place where you deal with text, so you can search for text

and replace specific text with something else (with the Find and Replace option). 

 Edit > Transform submenu to find those options.

 Free Transform tool is located here as well, letting you adjust the height and width

of anything

 Preset Manager to view brushes, gradients, swatches, custom shapes, and load your

own custom ABRbrushes; as well as how you open

 Color Settings to adjust RGB, CMYK, and other color profiles

3. Image MenuAdjustments 

which lets you access various tools for changing the image's brightness, contrast, levels, exposure, vibrance, hue/saturation, and color balance

Photo Filter, Channel Mixer, and Color Lookup tools,.

Important canvas manipulation tools are included in the Image menu, called Image Size and Canvas Size.

The Image menu in Photoshop has a few automatic tools, too, to quickly change how the image looks without diving into any specific tool. Auto Tone, Auto Contrast, and Auto Color are the options.

4. LayerThe Layer menu is where all of the layer manipulation tools are held in

Photoshop. This is where you can create new layers, duplicate existing ones, delete and rename layers, and much more

5. Filter

Adobe Photoshop filters are contained in the Filter menu. It's here that you can open 

Filter Gallery to preview artistic, brush stroke, distort, sketch, texture, and other built-in filters.

Other filters for blur, noise, pixelate, render, and sharpen are located directly inside the Filter menu. To save or load a custom Photoshop filter, go to Filter > Other > Custom and use the Load button to locate the ACF file, or the Save button to make a new ACF file.

6. Select Menu

All

This command grabs everything on the current layer.

Deselect

Use this command to get rid of the marching ants around a selection.

Reselect

If you didn’t mean to deselect a selection, use this command to get the selection back.

Inverse

Choose this item if you select an area and want to flip-flop the selection to select the part that’s not selected

All Layers

This option selects all the layers in your image so you don’t have to choose them one at a time.

Deselect Layers

Choose this option to let go of all of the layers in your document.

Similar Layers

This item grabs all the layers in your document that are the same type, like Adjustment layers, Type layers, and so on.

Color Range

Use this feature to grab all of the areas in your image that are similar in color to the current selection.

7. Window

The Window menu can be used to toggle all sorts of windows as visible or hidden: Actions, Adjustments, Brush, Channels, Color, History, Layers, Notes, Paths, Timeline, and Tools 

8. Help

The Help menu marks the end of Photoshop's menu bar. You can see the version of Photoshop you're running, get online hel

Property window Property window is working based on the tool box tool selected .This property will be change based on toolExample Properties

Color Font Style Shapes

Text Style Angles Darken color

Color panel

Its used to change the color for selected tools its working based on (RGB,CYKM) colors

Workspace

A workspace determines which of Photoshop's panels are displayed on your screen, and how those panels are arranged. Photoshop includes several built-in workspaces that we can choose from, and we can even save our own.he Essentials workspace is a general-purpose workspace, suitable for many different tasks.

TOOL BOX

1.Marquee Select Tools:

The marquee Select tools make  rectangular marquee tool and  Elliptical  Marquee Tool,single row, and single column Marquee Tool.

2.Move Tool:

The move tool makes you to move a selection single rows and columns. The move tool is located at the top right of the Toolbox.When ever the move tool is chosen, you click and drag in the image.

3.Magnetic Lasso Tool:

The magnetic lasso tool identifies and clicks to the edge of an object as you to indication along its configuration. Make freehand, straight edged and Magnetic selection

4.Magic wand Tool:

The Magic Wand tool makes you to selects similarly color areas of an image. The tool is placed near the top of the Photoshop Toolbox.

5.Crop Tool:

Crop tool make once you have preferred an photo area to crop, you do not absolutely have to crop it, and you can alternative, altogether hide the cropped area considerably than permanently deleting it.

6.Slice Tool

Slice tool appealing much does what the name intimate; it slices an image into sections. Slice tool most frequently used in web work to make very large images easier to appellation.

7.Spot Healing Brush Tool:

Spot healing brush tool make Removes mutilate and other imperfections in your images  by representative pixels from around the improve image  area.

8.brush tool:The brush tool paints brush achievement. Paints hard-edge strokes, replaces

definitive colours in your photo or image. You can paint over a destination colour with a therapeutic colour.9.Clone Stamp Tool:

The Clone Stamp tool paints one part of a photo or image .remaining further part of any open document that has the same colours convention.

10.History Brush Tool:

History Brush Tool paints a copy of the selected print into the fashionable image window.

The art history brush tool paints with conform strokes that prevaricate the look of different paint styles, using as selected snapshot.

11.Eraser Tool:

Eraser tool erases pixels and restores parts of an image to a already saved circumstances. It has three variations: Eraser, Background Eraser and Magic Eraser.

12.Paint Bucket Tool:

The paint bucket tool is other very useful tool. To use the paint bucket tool, simply click on the flowing paint bucket icon in the toolbox. It has two variations: paint bucket tool, gradient tool.

13.Blur Tool:Photoshop’s blur tool can be found in the second group of icons in the toolbox.

it has three variations 1. Blur tool 2.sharpen tool 3.smudge tool. Blur tool make blurs hard edges in an image, sharpen tool make sharpens soft edges in an photo or image, smudge tool make smudge data in an photo.14.Dodge Tool:

Photoshop’s dodge tool can be found in the second group of icon in toolbox. It has three variations 1. Dodge tool 2 burn tool 3. Sponge tool. Dodge tool make lightens areas in a photo or image. Burn tool make darkens areas in a photo or image, sponge tool changes the color saturation of an image15.Path Selection Tool:

Photoshop’s Path Selection Tool is found in the 3rd icons in the toolbox. It has two variations 1. Path Selection Tool 2.direct selection tool he path selection tools make articulation selections showing anchor points, Direction lines and direction points.16.Horizontal type Tool:

Photoshop’s horizontal type tool is found in the 3rd group 2nd icon in the tool box. It has four  variations:1.Horizontal type tool. 2 vertical type tool 3.Horizontal mask type tool 4.vertical mask type tool. Horizontal type tool creates type on an Photo , or selections in the shape of type.17.Pen Tool:

pen tool is let you draw smooth-edged paths in this tool it has five variations: 1.pen tool 2.free forum pen tool 3.Add anchor point tool 4.Delete  anchor point tool 5.convert point tool.

18.Custom Shape Tool:Custom shape tool makes customized shapes selected from a custom shape list.It has six  variations listed:1.Rectangle Tool 2.rounded Rectangle Tool 3.Ellipse tool 4.polygon tool. 5.line tool 6. Custom Shape Tool19.Notes Tool:

Notes tool makenotes and  annotations that can be attached to an photo .It has two variations 1.Notes Tool 2.Audio annotations tool.

20.Eyedropper Tool:

Eyedropper tool  color in an image and sets the drawing color to it.It has three  variations listed:1.Eyedropper tool 2.co lour sample tool 3.measure tool.

21.Hand Tool:Hand tool moves an image within the window.22. Zoom Tool:

Zoom Tool make increase and depreciate the view of an photo or image.

2. Selection ToolAdobe Photoshop also offers a number of selection tools:

Quick Mask Rectangular marquee Elliptical marquee Lasso Polygonal Lasso Magnetic Lasso Magic Wand

The most efficient way to make a selection in Adobe Photoshop is to use Quick Mask mode.

Quick Mask mode

To switch from Standard mode to Quick Mask mode, press the button   in the lower part of the Toolbox or use a hot key Q.

Paint over the areas to be selected with a hard edge Brush (in Quick Mask mode the selected area is highlighted in semi-transparent red)

Then switch back to Standard mode by pressing the button   in the lower part of the Toolbox and invert the selection using the command Select -> Inverse. It is critical to invert the selection as in Quick Mask mode it is the unpainted area that falls into the selection. 

Hints on the Quick Mask Options::

Open the Options by double clicking on the Quick Mask button.

o if the "Masked Areas" option is active the areas non marked with red will be selected 

o if the "Selected Areas" option is active the areas marked with red will be selected 

 

The Rectangular marquee and Elliptical marquee tools are hidden in the Toolbox under one and the same icon. The icon on the Toolbox displays the last tool used. To open the floating menu right-click on the arrow in the lower right corner of the displayed icon.

Rectangular marquee

This tool selects rectangular and square areas.

To select a rectangular area you should:

Step 1. Activate the Rectangular marquee tool by clicking on the icon  , or (if the Rectangular marquee was not the last tool applied) select it from the floating window.

Step 2. Bring the mouse cursor to the point of the image where the corner of an imaginary rectangle should be, and press the left mouse button.

Step 3. Keeping the left button pressed, move the cursor diagonally to the opposite corner and release the button.

To select a square area of the image make a selection keeping the Shift key pressed. Take into account that if you already have a selected area the new selection will be added to the previous one. To avoid it you should press the Shift key only when you start selecting a new area.

Elliptical marquee

This tool selects ellipses and circles.

To select an elliptical area you should:

Step 1. Select the Elliptical marquee tool from the Toolbox by clicking on the icon   , or (if the Elliptical marquee was not the last tool applied) select it from the floating window.

Step 2. Bring the mouse cursor to the point of the image where the corner of an imaginary rectangle with an inscribed ellipse should be, and press the left button.

Step 3. Keeping the left button pressed, move the cursor diagonally to the opposite corner and release the button.

To select a circular area of the image make a selection keeping the Shift key pressed. Take into account that if you already have a selected area the new selection will be added to the previous one. To avoid it you should press the Shift key only when you start selecting a new area.

The Lasso, Polygonal Lasso, Magnetic Lasso tools are hidden in the Toolbox under one and the same icon. The icon on the Toolbox displays the last tool selected. To open the floating menu right-click on the arrow in the lower right corner of the displayed icon.

Lasso

The tool allows creating freehand selections.

To make a freehand selection you should:

Step 1. Select the Lasso tool from the Toolbox by left-clicking on the icon  , or (if Lasso was not the last tool applied) select it from the floating window.

Step 2. Bring the mouse cursor to the object that must be selected and outline it keeping the left button pressed.

Polygonal Lasso

The tool makes freehand selections, but its contour is made up of straight segments.

To make a selection you should:

Step 1. Select the Polygonal Lasso tool from the Toolbox by clicking on the icon  , or (if Polygonal Lasso was not the last tool applied) select it from the floating window.

Step 2. Bring the cursor to any point near the object to be outlined and press the left mouse button - it'll be the first point of the contour.

Step 3. Move the cursor to the next point of the contour not far from the first one and left-click it again. The program will automatically draw a straight line between the two points.

Step 4. Keep putting points in this way until the whole object is outlined and close the contour.

Magnetic Lasso

This tool makes a freehand selection.

Step 1. Select the Magnetic Lasso tool from the Toolbox by clicking on the icon  , or (if Magnetic Lasso was not the last tool applied) select it from the floating window.

Step 2. Bring the mouse cursor to the border of the object that should be selected.

Step 3. Press the left button and start dragging the cursor along the object. Pay attention to fastening points that appear as you outline the object and when you male a click. If a fastening point is irrelevant you can remove it by pressing the Delete key and return to the previous fastening point to continue outlining the object.

Step 4. Close the contour, that is join the first fastening point with the last one by bringing the cursor to the first point or by making a double-click

Magic Wand

This tool selects a consistently colored area. You can set Tolerance in the Options palette of the Magic Wand tool. The higher is the value, the more colors will fall into the selected area. The Tolerance value ranges from 0 to 255.

To select a consistently colored area, you should:

Step 1. Select the Magic Wand tool in the Toolbox by clicking the icon  .

Step 2. Bring the cursor to the pixel of the image that must be included into the selection and left-click it. As a result an outline appears around the pixel. It includes colors of the image similar to the color of the selected pixel according to the specified Tolerance value.

These selection tools are efficient due to the flexibility of their usage: you can add to, subtract from or intersect a selection.

To add an area to the previous selection you should press the Shift key before you use a selection tool and, keeping it pressed, make a new selection.

To subtract an area from the previous selection you should press the Alt (Option in Mac) key before you use a selection tool and, keeping it pressed, make a new selection.

If you press Shift and Alt (Shift and Option in Mac) keys simultaneously you obtain an intersection of the old and new selections.

3.Painting Pixels in Photoshop

Photoshop is one of the best paint programs that you will ever use. When you combine the selection tools with the paint tools, changing and editing colors becomes easier than you could ever imagine.

Painting Tools In Adobe Photoshop

Choose a tool from the Toolbar. Set the color with which colors will be drawn. Choose the parameters for the chosen tool in the Options Panel. Bring the cursor over the image in the photo editor. Press the left mouse button and, while keeping the button pressed, move the cursor

across the image

The Brush Tool

Brush tool Is located in the toolbox, and it allows you to paint like you were using a paint brush.

As with all tools, use the Options Bar to set brush stroke size and other preferences before you start painting. The Options Bar for the Brush tool is pictured below

The Airbrush tool     .

The color used with the brush will be the foreground color that you have set. Youcan find your foreground and background colors in the toolbox in the last section .

 The top color is the foreground color, and the back color is the background color.

The Pencil Tool

The Pencil tool   is grouped with the Brush tool. If you do not see the Pencil tool in your toolbox, right-click on the downward arrow beside the Brush tool.

the only difference is that you can set Auto Erase. Auto Erase paints the background color of areas that contain the foreground color.

Eraser tools

Three Eraser tools appear in the Tool Options panel, as shown in the figure.

Eraser: The Eraser tool paints a color on a photo if you’re erasing on the

Background layer. The current background color is used when you paint with

this tool on the Background layer.

Background Eraser: When you open a photo in the Editor, the photo appears

on a background. Certain objects and types are added in layers that appear

above the background.

Magic Eraser: The Magic Eraser tool sort of combines the Quick Selection

tool and the Eraser tool. When you click and draw on a background,

Working with Color Swatches

The Color Swatches panel is grouped with the Styles panel on the right side of the workspace. It contains the basic colors that you can use in your

Photoshop images.

Creating and Using Gradients

A gradient is defined as a blending of shades from light to dark, or from one color to another, instead of just a solid color. In that respect, a rainbow is a gradient.

Applying a Gradient to an Image or Document

Linear gradients have shades that go from the starting point, to the ending point, in a straight line.

 Radial gradients go from the starting point, to the ending point, in a circular pattern.

 Angle gradients have shades that go in a counter-clockwise sweep around the starting point.

 Reflected gradients have shades that use symmetric linear gradients on both sides of the starting point.

 Diamond gradients have shades that start from the starting point and go outward in a diamond pattern

The Clone Stamp Tool

The Clone Stamp tool  allows you to clone an area of an image, and place it somewhere else on that image.

Click on the Clone Stamp tool, then select an area of the image that you want to clone.

The Spot Healing Brush Tool

Use the Spot Healing Brush  tool to remove blemishes or other imperfections from images. To use it, click on the tool, then press your mouse button down as you move it over the area of the image that you want to repair

The Healing Brush Tool

Sampled uses pixels sampled from the image. Pattern uses a pattern of pixels that you can select from the dropdown box.

The Patch Tool

The Patch tool  lets you repair an area with pixels from another area or pattern.

To use the Patch tool, click on it, then drag your mouse over the image to outline the area of the image that you want to repair.

The Color Replacement Tool

Continuous. Continuously samples colors as you drag.

Sample Once. Uses the first color you click as the sample.

Background Swatch. Only replaces areas that contain the current background color.

Paint Bucket tool

The Paint Bucket tool performs two separate actions when you click the tool in a photo. First, it creates a selection similar to the one you create with the Magic Wand tool. After the selection is created, the foreground color fills the selected area.

Fill   a selection or layer with color

1. Choose a foreground or background color. ...2. Select the area you want to fill. ...3. Choose Edit > Fill to fill the selection or layer. ...4. In the Fill dialog box, choose one of the following options for Use, or select a custom

pattern: ...5. Specify the blending mode and opacity for the paint.

Unit III (16 MARKS)

1.ADJUSTMENT AND RETOUCHING IN PHOTOSHOP

Adjustments panel, click the tool icon for the adjustment you want to make: For tonality and color, click Levels or Curves. For adjusting color, click Color Balance or Hue/Saturation.

Tonal adjustments  

Tonal adjustments often improve contrast, but more importantly, they set the stage for subsequent color corrections by properly dividing the color space into shadow, midtone, and highlight regions. Before tonal adjustment. After tonal adjustment.

Color adjustment

After creating the image change color of an image called color adjustment Color balance adjustment works with whatever color profile you are using. A quick glance at the available basic color profiles is viewable in Image>Mode.

As usual we are working in RGB mode. There are neither presets nor on-image adjustments available here. Just the red, green and blue sliders along with the Preserve Luminosity check box

Color Replacement Tool   (nested under the Brush Tool),

The Color Replacement tool allows you to easily change the color of an object in a photo without a lot troubles or hassle. The Color Replacement Tool however is not the most professional tool that you can use in Photoshop to change color

Retouching and adjustment tools

Spot Healing Brush Tool Healing Brush Tool Patch Tool Red Eye Tool Clone Tool Eraser Tool Blur Tool Dodge  Tool Burn Tools Sharpen Smudge  Sponge

Spot Healing Brush Tool

Use this tool to clean up small unwanted marks from an image, even more easily than the standard Healing Brush Tool.

Healing Brush Tool

The Healing Brush Tool and the Clone Stamp Tool are pretty much similar in regard to their work, but even after much similarity there is one difference, which is that the Healing Brush Tool also matches the texture, lighting, and shading of the sampled pixels to the source pixels. This means that the repaired pixels blend seamlessly into the rest of the image. 

Patch Tool

This tool repairs a selected area with pixels that can be taken from another area or a pattern. There is quite a similarity between the Healing Brush Tool and the the Patch Tool since it also matches the texture, lighting, and shading of the sampled pixels to the source pixels.

Red Eye

Simply select the Red Eye Tool, then we will click and drag on the image to draw a box around the red eye. You may need to click and drag a couple times to get the entire eye.

Clone Tool

Clone tool, also named Rubber Stamp Tool or the Colon Tool we use, copies a selected area of the photo and pastes it over another area. It's a great tool for fixing blemishes on a model's face, removing tattoos, duplicating things and cleaning dust off an image.

Eraser Tool

Use this tool to quickly remove stray pixels or isolated shapes from an image. If you want to remove something from an image then you can do that easily

Background Eraser (E):  

This tool erases to transparency even on the Background layer of your image.

Magic Eraser (E):  

This tool detects and erases areas in a similar color range. Adjust the Tolerance setting in the Options bar to select more or fewer of the adjacent areas.

Blur Tool

The Blur Tool is used to make the image blur. Left-click and drag to make things blurry.

The Blur Tool is useful for removing small facial blemishes and smoothing out wrinkles. It's easy to get a bit carried away with the Blur Tool when working on a face. Things will be looking great.

In the Toolbox, select the Blur Tool. Choose brush size and style. Set the tool's strength. Drag on the image. In the Options bar, you can also specify the effect's "Mode".

Dodge and Burn Tools  

The word Dodge means lighten and Burn means darken. The Dodge and Burn tools are digital versions in Photoshop. These tools can be used to either lighten the areas that are underexposed in a photo or darken overexposed areas. Dodge and Burn tools are found in the Tools palette.

Sharpen:

This tool sharpens edges by creating more contrast between the pixels you brush over. This increased contrast creates the effect of a sharper edge.

Smudge:

 Click on the image, hold the mouse button, and drag to smudge pixels. Like paint or pastels, this tool creates a realistic smearing of the pixels.

Sponge

 This tool saturates or desaturates areas of the image you brush over. Adjust the Flow percentage in the Options bar to weaken or strengthen the sponge effect

2.Explain about filter in Photoshop.

Filter is used to suppress noise or to separate signals into bandwidth channels. 3) In Photoshop and other graphic applications, a filter is a particular effect that can be applied to an image or part of an image.

The Filter Gallery is a very useful way to be able to apply filters and see an immediate preview of the effect without changing the original image.

The Fade command can also modify the effects of using the Liquify command and Brush Strokes filters.

1. Apply a filter, painting tool, or color adjustment to an image or selection.2. Choose Edit > Fade. ...3. Drag the slider to adjust the opacity, from 0% (transparent) to 100%.4. Choose a blending mode from the Mode menu. ...5. Click OK

Types of Filters in Photoshop

 Artistic filters Blur filters Brush Stroke filters Distort filters Noise filters Pixelate filters Render filters Sharpen filters Sketch filters Stylize filters Texture filters Video filters Other filters Digimarc filters

1.Artistic filtersCutout

Makes an image appear as though it were constructed from roughly cut pieces of colored paper. High-contrast images appear as if in silhouette, and colored images are built up from several layers of colored paper.

Dry Brush

Paints the edges of the image using a dry brush technique (between oil and watercolor). The filter simplifies an image by reducing its range of colors to areas of common color.

Film Grain

Applies an even pattern to the shadow tones and midtones. A smoother, more saturated pattern is added to the lighter areas. This filter is useful for eliminating banding in blends and visually unifying elements from various sources.

Fresco

Paints an image in a coarse style using short, rounded, and hastily applied daubs.

Neon Glow

Adds various types of glows to the objects in an image. This filter is useful for colorizing an image while softening its look. To select a glow color, click the glow box, and select a color from the Color Picker.

Paint Daubs

Lets you choose from various brush sizes (from 1 to 50) and types for a painterly effect. Brush types include Simple, Light Rough, Dark Rough, Wide Sharp, Wide Blurry, and Sparkle.

2.Blur filters

Finds the average color of an image or selection, and then fills the image or selection with the color to create a smooth look. For example, if you select an area of grass, the filter changes the area into a homogeneous patch of green.

Box BlurBlurs an image based on the average color value of neighboring pixels. This

filter is useful for creating special effects. You can adjust the size of the area used to calculate the average value for a given pixel; a larger radius results in greater blurring.

Blur and Blur MoreEliminate noise where significant color transitions occur in an image. Blur

filters smooth transitions by averaging the pixels next to the hard edges of defined lines and shaded areas. The effect of the Blur More filter is three or four times stronger than that of the Blur filter.

Gaussian BlurQuickly blurs a selection by an adjustable amount. Gaussian refers to the bell-shaped curve that is generated when Photoshop applies a weighted average to the pixels.

Lens BlurSmart Blur

Blurs an image with precision. You can specify a radius, a threshold, and a blur quality

Surface Blur

Blurs an image while preserving edges.

3.Brush Stroke filters

Accented Edges

Accentuates the edges of an image. When the edge brightness control is set to a high value, the accents resemble white chalk; when set to a low value, the accents resemble black ink.

Angled Strokes

Repaints an image using diagonal strokes, with lighter and darker areas painted in strokes going in opposite directions.

Dark Strokes

Paints dark areas with short, tight, dark strokes, and lighter areas with long, white strokes.

Ink Outlines

Redraws an image with fine narrow lines over the original details, in pen-and-ink style.

Spatter

Replicates the effect of a spatter airbrush. Increasing the options simplifies the overall effect.

Sprayed Strokes

Repaints an image, using its dominant colors, with angled, sprayed strokes of color.

4.Distort filters

Diffuse Glow

Renders an image as though it were viewed through a soft diffusion filter. The filter adds see-through white noise, with the glow fading from the center of a selection.

Glass

Makes an image appear as if it were being viewed through different types of glass. You can choose a glass effect or create your own glass surface as a Photoshop file and apply it.

Ocean Ripple

Adds randomly spaced ripples to the surface of the image so that it appears to be underwater.

Pinch

Squeezes a selection. A positive value up to 100% shifts a selection toward its center; a negative value up to – 100% shifts a selection outward.

Shear

Distorts an image along a curve. Specify the curve by dragging the line in the box. You can adjust any point along the curve. Click Default to change the curve back to a straight line. In addition, you choose how to treat undistorted areas.

Spherize

Gives objects a 3D effect by wrapping a selection around a spherical shape, distorting the image and stretching it to fit the selected curve.

Twirl

Rotates a selection more sharply in the center than at the edges. Specifying an angle produces a twirl pattern

5.Noise filters

Add Noise

Applies random pixels to an image, simulating the effect of shooting pictures on high-speed film

Despeckle

Detects the edges in an image (areas where significant color changes occur) and blurs all of the selection except those edges. This blurring removes noise while preserving detail.

Dust & Scratches

Reduces noise by changing dissimilar pixels

Median

Reduces noise in an image by blending the brightness of pixels within a selection. 

Reduce Noise

Reduces noise while preserving edges based on user settings affecting the overall image or individual channels. 

Reduce Noise

Reduces noise while preserving edges based on user settings affecting the overall image or individual channels. 

6.Pixelate filters

Color Halftone

Simulates the effect of using an enlarged halftone screen on each channel of the image. For each channel, the filter divides the image into rectangles and replaces each rectangle with a circle. 

Crystallize

Clumps pixels into a solid color in a polygon shape.

Facet

Clumps pixels of solid or similar colors into blocks of like-colored pixels. You can use this filter to make a scanned image look hand-painted or to make a realistic image resemble an abstract painting

Fragment

Creates four copies of the pixels in the selection, averages them, and offsets them from each other.

Mezzotint

Converts an image to a random pattern of black-and-white areas or of fully saturated colors in a color image.

Mosaic

Clumps pixels into square blocks. The pixels in a given block are the same color, and the colors of the blocks represent the colors in the selection.

Pointillize

Breaks up the color in an image into randomly placed dots, as in a pointillist painting, and uses the background color as a canvas area between the dots.

7.Render filters

Clouds

Generates a soft cloud pattern using random values that vary between the foreground and the background colors.

Difference Clouds

Uses randomly generated values that vary between the foreground and background color to produce a cloud pattern.

Fibers

Creates the look of woven fibers using the foreground and background colors. 

8.Sharpen filters

Sharpen and Sharpen More

Focus a selection and improve its clarity. The Sharpen More filter applies a stronger sharpening effect than does the Sharpen filter.

Sharpen Edges and Unsharp MaskFind the areas in the image where significant color changes occur and sharpen

them.

Smart SharpenSharpens an image by letting you set the sharpening algorithm or control the

amount of sharpening that occurs in shadows and highlights

9.Sketch filters

Bas Relief

Transforms an image so that it appears carved in low relief and lit to accent the surface variations. 

Chalk & Charcoal

Redraws highlights and midtones with a solid midtone gray background drawn in coarse chalk.

Charcoal

Creates a posterized, smudged effect. Major edges are boldly drawn, and midtones are sketched using a diagonal stroke.

Chrome

Renders the image as if it had a polished chrome surface. 

Conté Crayon

Replicates the texture of dense dark and pure white Conté crayons on an image.

Graphic Pen

Uses fine, linear ink strokes to capture the details in the original image

10.Stylize filters

Glowing Edges

Identifies the edges of color and adds a neon-like glow to them. This filter can be applied cumulatively.

Solarize

Blends a negative and a positive image—similar to exposing a photographic print briefly to light during development.

Tiles

Breaks up an image into a series of tiles, creating an offset between the selection and its original position.

Trace Contour

Finds the transitions of major brightness areas and thinly outlines them for each color channel, for an effect similar to the lines in a contour map

Wind

Places tiny horizontal lines in the image to create a windblown effect. 

11.Texture filters

Craquelure

Paints an image onto a high-relief plaster surface, producing a fine network of cracks that follow the contours of the image.

Grain

Adds texture to an image by simulating different kinds of grain—Regular, Soft, Sprinkles, Clumped, Contrasty, Enlarged, Stippled, Horizontal, Vertical, and Speckle, available from the Grain Type menu.

Mosaic Tiles

Renders the image so that it appears to be made up of small chips or tiles and adds grout between the tiles. (In contrast, the Pixelate > Mosaic filter breaks up an image into blocks of different-colored pixels.)

Patchwork

Breaks up an image into squares filled with the predominant color in that area of the image. The filter randomly reduces or increases the tile depth to replicate the highlights and shadows.

Stained Glass

Repaints an image as single-colored adjacent cells outlined in the foreground color.

Texturizer

Applies a texture you select or create to an image.

12.Video filters

De-Interlace

Smooths moving images captured on video by removing either the odd or even interlaced lines in a video image. You can choose to replace the discarded lines by duplication or interpolation.

NTSC Colors

Restricts the gamut of colors to those acceptable for television reproduction, to prevent oversaturated colors from bleeding across television scan lines.

EXAMPLE

 

3..Explain about Layers in photoshop.

In Photoshop, layers are used to work on individual parts of an image while not affecting other parts. They allow you to modify your image, add text, change

colors, put two pictures on the same page, and more without modifying your original photo.

A layer is the term used to describe the different levels at which you can place an object or image file. In the program you can stack, merge or define layers when creating a digital image.

LAYERS PANEL

Photoshop houses layers in a single panel. To display the Layers panel, choose Window→Layers or, easier yet, press F7. The order of the layers in the Layers panel represents the order in the image. The top layer in the panel is the top layer in your

image,Layer Filter: This enables you to hide layers based on different things. Makes it easier to find the layers that you want to work with.Opacity: 0= transparant 100 = fully opaque. press number keys on keyboard to instantly set to multiples of 10, or adjust the slider for an exact amount of transparency on each layer.Opacity and FillThe Opacity and Fill commands allow you to change the opacity (or transparency) of a layer. Both commands work the same except for one difference. In the circles shown below, notice that the Opacity change affects both the fill and stroke of the circle and the

Fill change affects only the fill and not the stroke of the circle

.visibility: If the eye is showing that layer is visible. Click on the eye and the layer will still be there but invisible until you click on the eye again.Locked: The padlock means that something is locked in the layerLock all: If the box is checked the layer is totally protected from any editing.Lock Position: You can make any changes except for moving the image.Lock Image pixels: You cannot draw on this layer if checked.Lock transparent: You can paint on this layer but not where it is transparent.Useful tools at the bottom of the panelLink: Enabled you to link layers. These will all move together unless unlinked.Layer Effects (Styles): Special effects applied to your image layer. Noted by the little f. Each effect will be listed. multiple effects may be used at once.Add Layer Mask: This is the button to press to add a layer mask to the currently selected layer. Allows you to paint away parts of your layer without damaging your original image.Add Adjustment Layer: The best way to apply image adjustments. There can change the color or tone of an image. All layers are affected underneath an adjustment layer (Unless clipped). This is a good option to using

Image>Adjustments because adjustment layers are non-destructive and re editable.Layer Groups: A good organizational tool. This puts layers into a folder. You can choose multiple layers and press Cmd/Ctrl+G to put them in a group, or create a group by clicking this icon. Layers can be dragged in or out of groups in the Layers panel.Create New Layer: Press this icon to create a new layer. Drag an existing layer into this icon to create a duplicate of that layer,Delete Layer: Drag a layer into this icon to remove it. Or select the layer and then press this icon to get the same result.Panel Options: This will open a drop down menu that provides a number of options, many that aren’t listed anywhere else.

TYPES OF LAYERS

Layer Group: This puts layers into a folder. Layers can be dragged in or out of groups in the Layers panel.Type Layer: The same as an image layer, except this layer contains type that can be edited; (Change character, color, font or size)Adjustment Layer: An adjustment layer is changing the color or tone of all the layers underneath it. To only affect th layer directly underneath it (an ignore the other underlying layers

Layer Style: An effect has been applied. Click the eye to turn it on or off. Double click “effects” to open the Layer Styles options.Layer Mask: Allows you to paint on the mask to show and reveal portions of the image.Smart Object: A special type of layer that is actually a container that can hold; multiple (or 1) layers, vectors for illustrator, raw files, video, 3D or many other types of objects. To learn about Smart Objects in depth, check out this video

Layer Buttons

There are several buttons that live at the bottom of the layers palette, which we will explore in this sections. Many of these buttons perform actions that can be found in other locations within the program, but are also in the Layers Palette for convenience and ease. These buttons are outlined below:

   Link layers - Select two or more layers and click this button to link them together. Linking means that they will all move together.

   Add a new layer style - This button allows you to add a new layer style without going to Layer and selecting Layer Style in the menu.

   Add layer mask - Clicking this will add a new layer mask to the selected layer.

   Create new fill or adjustment layer - This button allows you to add a new layer style without using the Adjustments Palette.

   Create a new group - Click this to create a new group (aka folder). Drag layers into this group to organize them.

   Create a new layer - Clicking this will create a new, empty layer.

   Delete layer - Select a layer or multiple layers and click this button to permanently delete them.

LAYERS EFFECTS AND STYLE

Photoshop provides a variety of effects—such as shadows, glows, and bevels—that change the appearance of a layer’s contents in a non-distructive way. Layer effects are linked to the layer contents.

A layer style is one or more effects applied to a layer or layer group. You can apply one of the preset styles provided with Photoshop or create a custom style using the Layer Style dialog box

You can apply multiple effects in a single layer style. Also, more than one instance of some effects can comprise a layer style.

a) Apply preset styles

You can apply preset styles from the Styles panel. The layer styles that come with Photoshop are grouped into libraries by function. For example, one library contains styles for creating web buttons; another library contains styles for adding effects to text. To access these styles, you need to load the appropriate library. Display the Styles panel

Choose Window > Styles.

APPLY A PRESET STYLE TO A LAYER

Normally, applying a preset style replaces the current layer style. However, you can add the attributes of a second style to those of the current style.

Do one of the following:

Click a style in the Styles panel to apply it to the currently selected layers.

Drag a style from the Styles panel onto a layer in the Layers panel. Drag a style from the Styles panel to the document window, and release

the mouse button when the pointer is over the layer content to which you want to apply the style..

Choose Layer > Layer Style > Blending Options, and click the word Styles in the Layer Style dialog box (top item in the list on the left side of the dialog box). Click the style you want to apply, and click OK.

When using a Shape tool or Pen tool in shape layers mode, select a style from the pop-up panel in the options bar before drawing the shape.

Apply a style from another layer

In the Layers panel, Alt-drag (Windows) or Option-drag (Mac OS) the style from a layer’s effect list to copy it to another layer.

In the Layers panel, click-drag the style from a layer’s effect list to move it to another layer.

Change how preset styles are displayed

1. Click the triangle in the Styles panel, Layer Style dialog box, or Layer Style pop-up panel in the options bar.

2. Choose a display option from the panel menu:

o Text Only to view the layer styles as a list.o Small Thumbnail or Large Thumbnail to view the layer styles as

thumbnails.o Small List or Large List to view the layer styles as a list, with a

thumbnail of the selected layer style displayed.

b) Layer Style dialog box overview

You can edit styles applied to a layer or create new styles using the Layer Style dialog box.

Drop Shadow

Adds a shadow that falls behind the contents on the layer. 

Inner Shadow

Adds a shadow that falls just inside the edges of the layer’s content, giving the layer a recessed appearance.

Outer Glow and Inner Glow

Add glows that emanate from the outside or inside edges of the layer’s content.

Bevel and Emboss

Add various combinations of highlights and shadows to a layer.

Satin

Applies interior shading that creates a satiny finish.

Color, Gradient, and Pattern Overlay

Fills the layer’s content with a color, gradient, or pattern.

Stroke

Outlines the object on the current layer using color, a gradient, or a pattern. It is particularly useful on hard-edged shapes such as type.

c) Apply or edit a custom layer style

1. Select a single layer from the Layers panel.2. Do one of the following:

Double-click the layer, outside the layer name or thumbnail.

Click the Add A Layer Style icon   at the bottom of the Layers panel and choose an effect from the list.

Choose an effect from the Layer > Layer Style submenu. To edit an existing style, double-click an effect displayed below the

layer name in the Layers panel. (Click the triangle next to the Add A

Layer Style icon   to display the effects contained in the style.)

3. Set effect options in the Layer Style dialog box. 4. Add other effects to the style, if desired. In the Layer Style dialog box, click the

check box to the left of the effect name to add the effect without selecting it.

Change style defaults to custom values

1. In the Layer Style dialog box, customize settings as desired.2. Click Make Default.

When you next open the dialog box, your custom defaults are automatically applied. If you adjust settings and want to return to your custom defaults, click Reset To Default.

d) Layer style options

Altitude

For the Bevel and Emboss effect, sets the height of the light source. A setting of 0 is equivalent to ground level, 90 is directly above the layer.

Angle

Determines the lighting angle at which the effect is applied to the layer. You can drag in the document window to adjust the angle of a Drop Shadow, Inner Shadow, or Satin effect.

Anti-alias

Blends the edge pixels of a contour or gloss contour. This option is most useful on small shadows with complicated contours.

Blend Mode

Determines how the layer style blends with the underlying layers, which may or may not include the active layer.

Choke

Shrinks the boundaries of the matte of an Inner Shadow or Inner Glow prior to blurring.

Color

Specifies the color of a shadow, glow, or highlight. You can click the color box and choose a color.

Contour

With solid color glows, Contour allows you to create rings of transparency. With gradient-filled glows, Contour allows you to create variations in the repetition of the gradient color and opacity.

Distance

Specifies the offset distance for a shadow or satin effect. You can drag in the document window to adjust the offset distance.

Depth

Specifies the depth of a bevel. It also specifies the depth of a pattern.

Use Global Light

This setting allows you to set one “master” lighting angle that is then available in all the layer effects that use shading: Drop Shadow, Inner Shadow, and Bevel and Emboss. In any of these effects

Gloss Contour

Creates a glossy, metallic appearance. Gloss Contour is applied after shading a bevel or emboss.

Gradient

Specifies the gradient of a layer effect. Click the gradient to display the Gradient Editor, or click the inverted arrow and choose a gradient from the pop-up panel. You can edit a gradient or create a new gradient using the Gradient Editor

Highlight or Shadow Mode

Specifies the blending mode of a bevel or emboss highlight or shadow.

Jitter

Varies the application of a gradient’s color and opacity.

Layer Knocks Out Drop Shadow

Controls the drop shadow’s visibility in a semitransparent layer.

Noise

Specifies the number of random elements in the opacity of a glow or shadow. Enter a value or drag the slider.

Opacity

Sets the opacity of the layer effect. Enter a value or drag the slider.

Pattern

Specifies the pattern of a layer effect. Click the pop-up panel and choose a pattern. Click the New Preset button  to create a new preset pattern based on the current settings.

Position

Specifies the position of a stroke effect as Outside, Inside, or Center.

Range

Controls which portion or range of the glow is targeted for the contour.

Size

Specifies the radius and size of blur or the size of the shadow.

Soften

Blurs the results of shading to reduce unwanted artifacts.

Source

Specifies the source for an inner glow. Choose Center to apply a glow that emanates from the center of the layer’s content, or Edge to apply a glow that emanates from the inside edges of the layer’s content.

Spread

Expands the boundaries of the matte prior to blurring.

Style

Specifies the style of a bevel: Inner Bevel creates a bevel on the inside edges of the layer contents; Outer Bevel creates a bevel on the outside edges of the layer contents; Emboss simulates the effect of embossing the layer contents against the underlying layers

Technique

Smooth, Chisel Hard, and Chisel Soft are available for bevel and emboss effects; Softer and Precise apply to Inner Glow and Outer Glow effects.

Smooth

Blurs the edges of a matte slightly and is useful for all types of mattes, whether their edges are soft or hard. It does not preserve detailed features at larger sizes.

Chisel Hard

Uses a distance measurement technique and is primarily useful on hard-edged mattes from anti-aliased shapes such as type. It preserves detailed features better than the Smooth technique.

Chisel Soft

Uses a modified distance measurement technique and, although not as accurate as Chisel Hard, is more useful on a larger range of mattes. It preserves features better than the Smooth technique.

Softer

Applies a blur and is useful on all types of mattes, whether their edges are soft or hard. At larger sizes, Softer does not preserve detailed features.

Precise

Uses a distance measurement technique to create a glow and is primarily useful on hard-edged mattes from anti-aliased shapes such as type. It preserves features better than the Softer technique.

f) Modify layer effects with contours

When you create custom layer styles, you can use contours to control the shape of Drop Shadow, Inner Shadow, Inner Glow, Outer Glow, Bevel and Emboss, and Satin effects over a given range

Create a custom contour

1. Select the Drop Shadow, Inner Shadow, Inner Glow, Outer Glow, Bevel and Emboss, Contour, or Satin effect in the Layer Style dialog box.

2. Click the contour thumbnail in the Layer Style dialog box.3. Click the contour to add points, and drag to adjust the contour. Or enter values

for Input and Output.4. To create a sharp corner instead of a smooth curve, select a point and click

Corner.5. To save the contour to a file, click Save and name the contour.6. To store a contour as a preset, choose New.

7. Click OK. New contours are added at the bottom of the pop-up panel.

Load a contour

Click the contour in the Layer Style dialog box, and in the Contour Editor dialog box, and then choose Load. Go to the folder containing the contour library you want to load and click Open.

Delete a contour

Click the inverted arrow next to the currently selected contour to view the pop-up panel. Press Alt (Windows) or Option (Mac OS), and click the contour you want to delete.

g) Set a global lighting angle for all layers

Using global light gives the appearance of a common light source shining on the image.

Do one of the following:

o Choose Layer > Layer Style > Global Light. In the Global Light dialog box, enter a value or drag the angle radius to set the angle and altitude, and click OK.

o In the Layer Style dialog box for Drop Shadow, Inner Shadow, or Bevel, select Use Global Light. For Angle, enter a value or drag the radius, and click OK.

h) Display or hide layer styles

When a layer has a style, an “fx” icon  appears to the right of the layer’s name in the Layers panel.

i) Copy layer styles

Copying and pasting styles is an easy way to apply the same effects to multiple layers.

Copy layer styles between layers

1. From the Layers panel, select the layer containing the style you want to copy.2. Choose Layer > Layer Style > Copy Layer Style.3. Select the destination layer from the panel, and choose Layer > Layer Style >

Paste Layer Style.

The pasted layer style replaces the existing layer style on the destination layer or layers.

Copy layer styles between layers by dragging

Do one of the following:

o In the Layers panel, Alt-drag (Windows) or Option-drag (Mac OS) a single layer effect from one layer to another to duplicate the layer effect, or drag the Effects bar from one layer to another to duplicate the layer style.

o Drag one or more layer effects from the Layers panel to the image to apply the resulting layer style to the highest layer in the Layers panel that contains pixels at the drop point.

j) Scale a layer effect

A layer style may have been fine-tuned for a target resolution and features of a given size. Using Scale Effects allows you to scale the effects in the layer style without scaling the object to which the layer style is applied.

1. Select the layer in the Layers panel.2. Choose Layer > Layer Style > Scale Effects.3. Enter a percentage or drag the slider.4. Select Preview to preview the changes in the image.5. Click OK.

k) Remove layer effects

You can remove an individual effect from a style applied to a layer, or remove the entire style from the layer.

Remove an effect from a style

1. In the Layers panel, expand the layer style to see its effects.

2. Drag the effect to the Delete icon  .

Remove a style from a layer

1. In the Layers panel, select the layer containing the style you want to remove.2. Do one of the following:

o In the Layers panel, drag the Effects bar to the Delete icon  .o Choose Layer > Layer Style > Clear Layer Style.

o Select the layer, and then click the Clear Style button  at the bottom of the Styles panel.

l) Convert a layer style to image layers

To customize or fine-tune the appearance of layer styles, you can convert the layer styles to regular image layers. After you convert a layer style to image layers, you can enhance the result by painting or applying commands and filters.

1.BASIC CONCEPTS OF FLASH

Adobe Flash is a deprecated multimedia software platform used for production of animations, rich Internet applications, desktop applications, mobile applications, mobile games and embedded web browser video players. ash was originally released by Macromedia in 1996. It began as a basic animation tool and an optional plug-in for Web browsers.Difference between flash and Photoshop

Photoshop is the best software for bitmap and image manipulation whereas Flashis the best one for vector and raster graphics. ... Photoshop is used to create only layouts i.e. mockups or design, whereas using Flash we can make that layout into a website or interactive version

A Flash document has four main parts:

The Stage is where your graphics, videos, buttons, and so on appear during playback.

The Timeline is where you tell Flash when you want the graphics and other elements of your project to appear. You also use the Timeline to specify the layering order of graphics on the Stage. Graphics in higher layers appear on top of graphics in lower layers.

The Library panel is where Flash displays a list of the media elements in your Flash document.

Action Script code allows you to add interactivity to the media elements in your document.

Layout of the Flash Desktop:

The desktop is arranged in as many columns of panels as you like, but usually about three. We usually keep the following organization

the main tool panel and the properties panel to the left, the time-line and the drawing area (stage) in the middle column some tools panels and libraries in the right column

Selecting the right desktop layout depends on both the task and the size of your screen. Developing Flash with a small laptop is painstaking.

Panels are tools providing various editing and object management functionalities. Since some of these functionalities can't be found through the menus (and the other way round), you have to learn what kind of panels exist. All existing panels can be opened through the Window' menu on top.

Adobe Flash Library:

The Library is a centralized location where you can view, browse, add, delete, and organize symbols in much the same way as you would move and edit files on your computer.

Press Ctrl + L or navigate to Window Library.

Menu in Flash File Edit View Insert Modify Text Command Control Debug Window Help

FLASH TOOLS:

It has many tools to draw graphic, fill color, gradient color and modify the shape of the drawn by the tools. Some tools have hidden tool that is indicated by a little black triangle shape that is situated right bottom corner of the tools

W

Work Space

The workspace is comprised of these six major areas: Timeline, Stage Work area Layers, Panels

Toolbox 

DRAWING LINES AND SHAPES

Pen Tool:

The purpose of the Pen tool is to allow you to draw precise paths as straight lines or smooth, flowing curves.

Text Tool

You need to add some additional text to your banner for decorative purposes.

Line Tool:

The Line tool is used in much the same way that you would use a real pencil to draw with a ruler. Simply select the tool and drag on the Stage to draw a straight line between the start and end points.

SHAPES TOOL

Oval Tool

The Oval tool is used to make circular objects. Simply select the tool and drag on the Stage to draw a circle that spans between the start and end points.

RectangleTool

The Rectangle tool is used to make rectangular objects. Simply select the tool and drag on the Stage to draw a rectangle that spans between the start and end points.

SHIFT key : Proportioned Squares

You can press the Shift key while dragging to constrain proportions for the rectangle, to ensure your rectangle is a perfect square.

Pencil Tool:

To draw lines and shapes, you use the Pencil tool, in much the same way that you would use a real pencil to draw..

Brush Tool

The Brush tool draws brush like strokes, as if you were painting. It lets you create specialeffects, including calligraphic effects. You can select a brush size and shape using the Brushimported bitmap as a fill when painting with the Brush tool.tool modifiers. You can use an

SELECTIONANDTRANSFORMATIONTOOLS

Selection ToolSelection tool helps to select and modify the object shape. We can move any

object which we have imported and drawn. We can delete the any part of any formatted picture but remember the picture should be break (To make break picture, press Ctrl + B key).

Sub selection Tool and Free Transform Tool

 It highlight the anchor point of the graphic by click on that to arrange point and get different shape as required.

3D Rotation Transform

The 3D Rotation tool can be used on any movie clip instance to rotate and transform the symbol around x, y, and z axes.

Lasso Tool

Lasso tool is a free hand selection tool. You can use this tool to select the object as you required and delete. When you select lasso option one magic wand tool and magic wand setting also appear down of the tool pallet, you can change the setting of this tool.

MODIFICATION TOOL

Bone ToolFlash offers some pretty neat features to help animators make better animation. One of these features is the "Bone Tool".

Paint Bucket Tool:

The Paint Bucket tool fills enclosed areas with color. It can both fill empty areas and change the color of already painted areas. You can paint with solid colors, gradient fills, and bitmap fills.

Eye Dropper Tool:

You can use the Eye Dropper tool to copy fill and stroke attributes from objects.

Eraser Tool:

The Erase tool works similar to a classic eraser. Simply select the tool and drag on the Stage to erase things.

Spray Brush Tool

The Spray Brush tool creates groups from all the paint droplets it leaves behind group

Frame. A flash frame is a very short shot (usually one frame, but occasionally several)

that appears in a sequence of images. Flash Frames are usually inadvertent and result from either an editing mistake or an equipment problem

To select one frame, click the frame. 

To select multiple contiguous frames, drag the cursor over the frames, or Shift-click additional frames.

To select multiple non-contiguous frames, Control-click (Windows) or Command-click (Macintosh) additional frames.

To select all frames in the timeline, select Edit > Timeline > Select All Frames.

Key frame .

A keyframe is a frame where a new symbol instance appears in the timeline. A keyframe can also be a frame that includes ActionScript® code to control some aspect of your document.

A keyframe represents a new instance or copy of an object, such as a new instance of a movie clip symbol. A keyframe is represented by a solid dot. When you create a frame-by-frame animation, most frames are keyframes because you're creating new content in each frame to create the illusion of movement

Timeline in flash

The timeline is one of the most important toolbars in Flash. On a timeline you have frames and keyframes. A frame is simply an intermediary between keyframes, there is no change in the amount of objects on the stage during a normal frame.

To insert a new frame, select Insert > Timeline > Frame (F5). To create a keyframe, select Insert > Timeline > Keyframe (F6), or right-click

(Windows) or Control-click (Macintosh) the frame where you want to place a keyframe, and select Insert Keyframe from the context menu.

Symbol

A symbol is a graphic, button, or movie clip that you create once in the Animate CC (formerly Flash Professional CC) authoring environment or by using the Simple Button (AS 3.0) and Movie Clip classes

Color Palette

To import a custom color palette: In the Color Swatches tab of the Color panel, click the Options menu. From the pop-up menu, select Clear Colors. Flash clears out the entire color palette on the Color Swatches tab, leaving just two swatches: black and white

2.Explain various type of tools in Photoshop .

Drawing Line and Shape tool Shapes and Brushes Selection tool Transformation and reshaping

Drawing

Line and Shape tool

The Line ToolWhen drawing with the Line tool, you have the ability to create straight lines in any direction from the starting point. To start drawing a line, choose the Line tool in the Tools panel, click anywhere on the stage, drag the line towards the desired endpoint, and release the mouse

The Ink Bottle ToolThe Ink Bottle tool is designed to change the color, style, and thickness of strokes.

The Pencil ToolThe Pencil tool has some interesting options that can aid in the final outcome of a drawing.

Pencil tool options.

Straighten. Choose this option if your goal is to draw a perfect circle, oval, square, rectangle, or arc.

Smooth. Generally this option will smooth out any curvy lines

Ink. This choice is for freehand drawing without Flash making adjustments to the lines.

The Rectangle ToolRectangle tool is used to create squares and rectangles. To create a perfect square, hold down the Shift key to constrain the drawn object's proportions to that of a square. One option the Rectangle tool has involves setting the corner radius to make rounded edges. 

The Oval ToolThe Oval tool is used to create circles and ovals. To create a perfect circle, hold down the Shift key. 

3.Explain Strokes and fills in flash

Stroke ColorTo select a color for a stroke that you are about to draw, click the Stroke Color button of the Stroke Panel to invoke the Swatches pop-up and then select a color. To change the color of a stroke that’s already drawn, first select the item with the Arrow Tool, click the Stroke Color button of the Stroke Panel, and then select a new color from the Swatches pop-up.

Stroke Style

The Stroke Style drop-down offers seven stroke, or line, styles: Hairline, Solid, Dashed, Dotted, Ragged, Stippled, and Hatched.

Hairline line style If you need a line that always appears one pixel wide, and does not scale subject to zoom, choose Hairline from the Stroke Style drop-down.

Solid Line Style The Solid Line Style draws a solid, unbroken line. The customization variables for the Solid Line Style are limited to Thickness and Sharp CornersDashed Line Style The Dashed Line Style draws a solid line with regularly spaced gaps. respective fields.Dotted Line Style The Dotted Line Style draws a dotted line with evenly spaced gaps. At first glance, the Dotted Line Style appears to have only one variable Dot Spacing. Change the numeric entry in this field to control the quality of the custom dashed line. Ragged Line Style The Ragged Line Style draws a ragged line with various gaps between the dots. The quality of both the raggedness and the gaps are adjustable. Stippled Line Style The Stippled Line Style draws a stippled line that goes a long way toward mimicking an artist’s hand-stippling technique..Hatched Line Style The Hatched Line Style draws a hatched line of amazing complexity that can be used to accurately mimic an artist’s hand-drawn hatched-line techniqueThe Fill Panel

The Fill Style can be changed as follows: Choose a Fill Style from the drop-down of the Fill Panel. Then click the Fill Color button on the Toolbox to invoke the Swatches pop-up. If you’ve chosen a Solid Fill Style, then select a color for your fill.

If you’ve chosen either gradient, clicking the Fill Color button causes a row of gradient color chips to appear at the bottom of the Swatches pop-up. 

4.SHAPES AND BRUSH IN FLASH

Brush

The Brush Tool is used to paint with brushlike strokes and to fill enclosed areas. Unlike the Pencil Tool, which creates a single, solid line, the Brush Tool creates filled shapes with outlines of zero thickness.

Brush Mode option

Paint Normal Mode

Paint Normal Mode

Paint Normal Mode, shown below, applies brush strokes over the top of any lines or fills.

Paint Fills Mode

Paint Behind Mode

Paint Inside Mode

The Brush Shape drop-down is loaded with nine preset brush shapes.

5. Selection tools in flash

Selection Tool (v) - Selecting whole objects and moving them. Subselection Tool - Selecting partial objects.  Lasso Tool

Selection Tool

There are several ways to select objects in Flash. You can select an object's stroke or fill or both. You can use the Selection tool to select parts of the object or drag over a portion of it to create a selection rectangle

Subselection Tool and Free Transform Tool

Subselection Tool and Free Transform Tool are a little similar because both make selections that can be used to modify the shape of a selected object.The main difference between these two selection tools is that the "Subselection Tool" allows you to reshape an object by dragging an anchor point, while with the "Free Transform Tool" you can reshape a selected element by dragging an edge or the corners. The "Free Transform Tool" can also be used to rotate the selected object.

Lasso Tool

The Lasso tool is useful when you want to select shapes that are too close to objects you don't want to select, or when you want to select irregular forms. This tool allows you to draw around the shape, selecting everything contained in the shape you draw.

The Lasso tool has two modes (in the option area of the Tools panel): defaul mode, called "Magic Wand", and "Polygon Mode".

Magic Wand - draws a freeform lasso around the object you want to select. Polygon Mode - defines the selected area with a series of straight-line segments.

6.Explain Transforming and reshaping in flash

Transforming objects

Select the Free Transform tool  , or select one of the Modify > Transform commands.Once you have begun a transformation, you can track the location of the transformation point in the Info panel and in the Property inspector..

Move, realign, change, and track the transformation point

To move the transformation point, drag it from within the selected graphic object. To realign the transformation point with the element’s center point, double-click the

transformation point. To switch the point of origin for a scale or skew transformation

  Free Transform tool

To move the selection, position the pointer over the object within the bounding box, and drag the object to a new position. Do not drag the transformation point.

To set the center of rotation or scaling, drag the transformation point to a new location.

To rotate the selection, position the pointer just outside a corner handle and drag. The selection rotates around the transformation point. Shift-drag to rotate in 45° increments.

To rotate around the opposite corner, Alt-drag (Windows) or Option-drag (Macintosh).

To scale the selection, drag a corner handle diagonally to scale in two dimensions. Shift-drag to resize proportionally.

To scale in the respective direction only, drag a corner handle or a side handle horizontally or vertically.

To skew the selection, position the pointer on the outline between the transformation handles and drag.

To distort shapes, press Control (Windows) or Command (Macintosh) and drag a corner handle or a side handle.

7.Explain animation in flash.

Animation

A simulation of movement created by displaying a series of pictures, or frames. Cartoons on television are one example of animation.

Computer animation is the process used for generating animated images. The more general term computer-generated imagery (CGI) encompasses both static scenes and dynamic images, while computer animation only refers to the moving images. Graphic animation is a variation of stop motion (and possibly more conceptually associated with traditional flat cel animation and paper drawing animation

Frame. A flash frame is a very short shot (usually one frame, but occasionally several)

that appears in a sequence of images. Flash Frames are usually inadvertent and result from either an editing mistake or an equipment problem

To select one frame, click the frame. 

To select multiple contiguous frames, drag the cursor over the frames, or Shift-click additional frames.

To select multiple non-contiguous frames, Control-click (Windows) or Command-click (Macintosh) additional frames.

To select all frames in the timeline, select Edit > Timeline > Select All Frames.

Key frame .

A keyframe is a frame where a new symbol instance appears in the timeline. A keyframe can also be a frame that includes ActionScript® code to control some aspect of your document.

A keyframe represents a new instance or copy of an object, such as a new instance of a movie clip symbol. A keyframe is represented by a solid dot. When you create a frame-by-frame animation, most frames are keyframes because you're creating new content in each frame to create the illusion of movement

Timeline in flash

The timeline is one of the most important toolbars in Flash. On a timeline you have frames and keyframes. A frame is simply an intermediary between keyframes, there is no change in the amount of objects on the stage during a normal frame.

1. To insert a new frame, select Insert > Timeline > Frame (F5).2. To create a keyframe, select Insert > Timeline >Keyframe (F6), or right-click

(Windows) or Control-click (Macintosh) the frame where you want to place a keyframe, and select Insert Keyframe from the context menu

Motion tweening

Motion tween is nothing but tweening a Symbol's movement from one position to another. To implement Motion Tween all that you have to do is, provide Flash with Symbol's initial position and the end position.

Short for in-betweening, the process of generating intermediate frames between two images to give the appearance that the first image evolves smoothly into the second image.

Shape tweening.

In shape tweening, you draw a vector shape at one specific frame in the Timeline. And, change that shape or draw another shape at another specific frame. Animate then interpolates the intermediate shapes for the frames in between, creating the animation of one shape morphing into another

A Shape Tweens is a type of animation that is placed in a Layer and enables you to animate an objects Shape from one Shape to another. A Shape Tween layer has a green arrow.

Steps for creating shape tweening

1. Create a new Flash document. At the bottom of the workspace, click the Timeline panel’s tab to bring it forward.

2. On an empty layer, draw a shape (for example, a star or polygon with the Polystar tool) on Frame 1.

You can include a stroke and a fill, because the shape tween can handle both.

3. Click on Frame 25 and choose Insert→Timeline→Blank Keyframe.

Rather than choose the motion tween, we choose a blank keyframe because we don’t want a copy of the shape drawn on Frame 1 to be carried over to the new keyframe.

4. Draw a distinctively different shape on the new, blank keyframe on Frame 25.

5. Select Frame 1 and choose Insert→Shape Tween.

You see an arrow and a green shaded area appear between the starting and ending keyframes, indicating that you’ve successfully created a shape tween.

6. Turn on the Onion Skin Outlines option below the Timeline to see the frames that Flash has created for you.

7. If necessary, use the sliders that appear on the timeline ruler to show Onion Skin Outlines across the entire range of frames from beginning to end.

8. Press Enter or Return to play back your animation.

The original shape transforms into the final shape.

8.Symbols and instances in Flash

A symbol is a graphic, button, or movie clip that you create once in the Animate (formerly Flash Professional CC) authoring environment or by using the SimpleButton (AS 3.0) and MovieClip classes. ... An instance is a copy of a symbollocated on the Stage or nested inside another symbol.

Once you have a symbol, you can then use them in other symbols, or on the main stage. An occurrence of a symbol outside of the library is called an 'instance'. Virtually all of the work done in Flash is done with symbol instances.

The three types of symbols in Flash are:

Graphic. Use graphic symbols for static artwork and animation that you do not plan on

adding any interactive functionality to. ... Button.

Use button symbols if you want to add mouse-related interactivity such as clicks and roll overs to your Flash movie. ...

Movie Clip.

The movie clip is one of three symbol types in Flash, and just like graphic symbols, they can be easily duplicated and maintained from a single master symbol in the library. Movie clips are unique in that each one contains its own timeline that looks and works just like the main one.Convert object to Symbols

1. Select one or more objects on the stage. ...2. Choose Modify > Convert to Symbol, or press the F8 key. ...3. Enter a name for the symbol into the Name field.4. Click the radio button for the type of symbol you want to create: a movie clip, button,

or graphic.Examples

A symbol is a mark, sign or word that indicates, signifies, or is understood as representing an idea, object, or relationship

Instance

Once you have a symbol, you can then use them in other symbols, or on the main stage. An occurrence of a symbol outside of the library is called an 'instance'. Virtually all of the work done in Flash is done with symbol instances.

Each copy is called an instance. Besides making your life easier when you want to use a set of objects more than once, the use of symbols significantly reduces the size of your files. Understanding these types is important to understanding symbols and Flash animation in general.

Difference between Symbols and instance

The difference is that Flash stores the definition of the symbol in the Library. ... Instead of storing each instance that you use, Flash stores one definition for the symbol and refers to that definition each time you display an instance of the symbol. You can place symbols inside other symbols,

Unit 5 (16 Marks)

1. Explain about Actions in Flash.

The Actions PanelThe Actions panel is the Flash dialog box that lets you access all

the actions that will control your Flash movie. Depending on your level of expertise, you can create, delete, and edit actions in two modes: Normal and Expert.

To open the Actions panel: Select File > New. In the New Document dialog box, select Flash Document, and click

OK. ... Click on the first frame of the first layer in the Timeline panel. From the Windows menu, choose Actions (F9).or Click the right-facing triangle in the Actions bar. In the Actions panel, type or paste the code snippet example. Select File > Save.

ACTION PERFORMED OBJECTS

Buttons Movie Clips Frames 

Flash BUTTONS ACTION

Buttons in Animate are symbols that contain four frames. Each frame of button symbol represents a different state for the button: Up, Over, Down, and Hit. These states determine how a button visually behaves when the mouse is rolled over it or when the user clicks the button.

Create a basic button

Choose Insert > New Symbol, or press Control+F8  In the Symbol Properties dialog box, enter a name for the new button

symbol To create the Up state button image, use the drawing tools, import a

graphic, or place an instance of another symbol on the Stage Select the second frame, labeled Over, and choose Insert >Keyframe. The

button image from the first frame appears on the Stage. Change the button image for the Over state. After you define the images of the four button states, choose Edit > Edit

Movie to exit Symbol Edit mode Open the Library window by choosing Window > Library. Locate the

button in the Library window and then drag the button symbol out of the Library onto the Stage

The four frames of the Button

Built-in button symbols contain four frames and several layers. For each frame, different drawings may be defined but some, e.g. the label text may be reused in several layers. Up

The button, i.e. the drawing that appears "as is" when the button is displayed in a frame of your animation.

OverThe button graphics as it appears when the user moves the mouse over it. E.g. it defines highlighting.

DownThe button as it appears when the user presses the mouse (just during the time the mouse button is held). It shows the pressing down effect.

HitThis frame allows to define the sensible area (usually the complete button) with a graphic. Its contents will not be shown.

Object Actions—Buttons

press release releaseOutside rollOver rollOut dragOver dragOut keyPress

Flash   MOVIE CLIP ACTION

Object actions-MOVIE CLIP

load unload enterFrame mouseMove mouseDown mouseUp keyDown keyUp data

Create a movieclip symbol in FlashMovieclip symbols are reusable pieces of flash animation - consisting usually of one or more graphic and button symbols - thus they are flash movies within your flash movie. They have their own non-restricted Timeline

1. First create/import the object(s) to be converted into a movieclip. Import bitmaps onto the stage using Ctrl+R.

2. Select the object(s) and then press F8 (or Modify >> Convert to Symbol).

3. Select the Movieclip Behavior and name the symbol, say 'mc_fade').

4. The above figure shows the Timeline of the Movieclip symbol. Click Scene 1 to exit from the symbol editing mode.

5. Save your work and test the Movie (Ctrl + Enter). That's it your movieclip is ready! Its that simple

FLASH FRAMES ACTION

Frame events—which are always placed at keyframes—are useful for actions that you want to occur at certain points in time. For example, a Stop action will cause your movie to halt, and a Go To action will cause your movie to jump to another frame or scene on the timeline.

To create a frame event that triggers an action:

1. Double-click the keyframe where you would like the frame event to occur.

2. Click the Action tab.

3. Click the plus sign ("+") to assign an action or actions that you want triggered when the timeline reaches this keyframe.

4. For our demonstration, choose the Stop action, which will cause your movie to stop playing.

5. import flash.display.MovieClip;

this.stop();

6. Choose Control→Test Movie to preview your movie.

7. Click OK

1.INTERFACE ELEMENTS IN FLASH

1. The Timeline controls and shows all of the elements of your project over time. It uses Frames and Layers to organize your work.

2. The Play head  tells you which frame is currently displayed on the StageLayer controls allows you to control your layers. You will learn about layers in more detail later in this tutorial

3. Status Bar gives you information about the current frame, the number of frames per second (fps) and the elapsed time of your movie

4. The Frame View is a drop down menu that lets you control the appearance of the Timeline.

Flash can be used for creating games, making presentations, animations, visualizations, webpage components (although CSS is able to perform similar tasks), and many other interactive applications.Some of the Flash interface components will look familiar to you, as they have the same functionality as Photoshop and Illustrator. However, Flash requires a certain mindset to work in it properly, especially when animating with vector graphics and coding 

2.PANELS IN FLASH

Flash screen having number of Panels

The Stage Its a working area in flash Layout

The Tools Panel

Timeline Panel

Layers Panel

Library panel

The library panel will be your best friend in Flash. It holds all the elements of each Flash file. You can organize your file like you did in your windows/mac directory. (i.e. created new folders for different types of elements, or nest one graphics symbol in another)

Properties Panel

Here you can set the size of your flash file, background color, frame rate and exporting settings. Usually, the frame rate should be set as high as possible so the animation will play smoothly. However, with higher frame rates, it requires more ram to render the animation. For a typical web application, 30 frames per second should give your animation a smooth playback without taking too much computing power.

Side Panels: 

Color, Aligning, Text... most of panels pop up here, and it can be opened, hidden, removed, docked and re-arranged.

3.Layer folder in flash.

Creating Layer Folders

Once your documents get really complex, you can organize layers into folders,

1. Click the name of a layer to select it. When you create a folder, it appears above the selected layer; but you'll be able to drag your folder and its contents to a new location.

2. Click the Insert Layer Folder icon. ...3. Drag layers onto the layer folder.

4.VIDEO COMPONENT IN FLASH

Flash Video is a container file format used to deliver digital video content (e.g., TV shows, movies, etc.) over the Internet using Adobe Flash Player version 6 and newer

1: Drag the component to the stage and save the file

1. Open the components panel (Menu Window->Components or CTRL-F7)2. Drag FLPLayback 2.5 on the stage3. Now save your Flash file, else it will not work, since Flash will not find the

video file !4. Copy the video file into the same directory as your flash file

2. Configure the properties of the component

1. Select the component2. Set the name of the video file with source in the Properties panel 3. Select an appropriate skin. A skin will define what kinds of controls the user

will have. You also can make adjustments to the color4. Keep the defaults for starters, e.g. maintainAspect Ratio for starters.

5.INTERFACE COMPONENT IN FLASH

 Adobe Flash/Components/User Interface. Similar to HTML form components, Flash's user interface components let you interact with the users that use your site and gather information. ... Accordion: This component is a clickable menu to display different Flash content in the same space-saving frame.

6.ACCESSIBILITY IN FLASH

Adobe Flash is an animation technology that allows web developers to build dynamic content featuring multimedia and interactive applications. Flash content downloads quickly and can run on any browser that supports it and is equipped with the Adobe Flash Player plug.

7.GRAPHICS IN FLASH (Write about car program)

Graphic symbols are reusable static images that are used mainly to create animations. Any drawn vector/plain text/imported bitmap (photo), or combinations of these, can be converted into a single controllable object, called a graphic symbol.

1. First create/import the object(s) to be converted into a graphic. You can import bitmaps onto the stage using Ctrl+R.

2. Select the object(s) and then press F8 (or Modify >> Convert to Symbol).

3. Select the Graphic Behavior and name the symbol, say 'g_home'.

4. To edit it at a later point, double-click the symbol in the library (Ctrl + L) or any of its instances on the stage to switch to its symbol-editing mode as shown below. The name of the symbol will appear near the scene name ('Scene 1' by default, as shown below).

8.CHARACTER ANIMATION IN FLASH(Write text tweening)

Animate text in Flash, you basically break apart your text so you can animate

each one as a letter. Each letter has own layer. Learn how to use motion tweening to

start a timeline animation. Each letter can be scaled or rotated in its own layer,

creating individual animations of the letters. 

Steps:

Use the Text tool and Break Apart effect.

Modify the Timeline with Distribute to layers.

Convert text to shapes.

Use Motion Tween animation effect.

 Adding some text

First, create a new document and use the Text tool to add some text to the

canvas. I’ll make a fairly short word to keep it simple here. You may need to make the

text bigger than the normal maximum of 96pt, so type a higher value in if you need to

Breaking it apart

Select the text, then choose Modify > Break Apart or press Command-B. This

turns the text box into several separate text boxes, one for each letter. (If we chose to

Break Apart again, we’d convert it into outlines, but we don’t want to do that this

time.)

Time to work

Select a range of frames in a vertical line, as far down the timeline as you want

your animation to last, covering all your letters. Press F5 to Insert Frames, and we

have something to work with

Fixing the end points

Select another range of frames across all your layers, about 70% of the way

along the timeline, and press F6 to create some keyframes. This will stop the

animation.

Changing the start

Move the playhead to the start of the movie. Select each letter in turn, move it

away from the start point by pressing Shift-Up or Shift-Down a few times, then use

Properties to set the Color Effect to Alpha at 0%.

Making it move

Select a vertical range of frames somewhere between the first two sets of

keyframes, then right-click and choose Create Classic Tween. Now you’ll see the

letters all fade and move it at the same time.

Layout Tools

Flash layout tools help align, place, resize and manipulate the objects that are

created. Flash essentially allows you to create hyper mediated graphic design (i.e.

graphic design that can incorporate sound, interactivity, motion, video and logic)

made up of symbols (we'll get to these in a little bit). In order to work effectively in

Flash you need to be able to perform some very basic actions like align, resize, snap,

inspect properties, and use panels.

LAYOUT TOOLS, taken from the program's documentation that will fully

orient you with the basic layout tools that you need to understand