TO HARVESTE ELECTRIC ENERGY FROM HYDRO PIEZOELECTRIC SYSTEMNITIN YADAV 1*,DEEPAK KUMAR 2

1* M.Tech Scholar, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Rohtak, Haryana, 2 Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Rohtak, Haryana, India

ABSTRACT

A great need of world is power or energy which is mainly in the form of electric power or electricity because it can be converted into any form of energy. There a lot of work is done in field of harvesting energy. So, there is a small approach to harvest electric energy from hydro piezoelectric system. Here, a PVDF (Polyvinylidene fluoride) patch in cross flow water in closed circular pipe is used with different configurations of circuits and patches and produce maximum voltage of 5.56 volt by using single PVDF patch with voltage doublers circuit under water flow rate of 33m3/minute.

INTRODUCTION

In present world, we need electric energy at every step of life. Because, Almost every work of

human being is done by machines and instruments. To operate these machines , we need some

source of energy. Many of these are operated by electric energy . We harvest electric energy

from many ways e.g. wind turbine, hydraulic turbines, thermoelectric material, solar panel and

piezoelectric material etc. In all of these sources, Piezoelectric material are new source of

energy. These are materials which produce electric energy when any pressure is applied on them

and vice-versa. Many researchers work on piezoelectric harvesting e.g. [1] In 1984, Hausler and

stein investigated the energy generation capacity from expansion and contraction of rib cage

during breathing of mongrel dog using PVDF piezoelectric material and a peak voltage of 18V

and a power of 17µW was produced. [2] In 1996,Starner investegsted the potential fix for power

harvesting device around the human body and surveyed the potential origins of energy

harvesting, including blood pressure, walking, and upper limb motion of a human organismand

harvested 8.4 watts power from a PZT mounted in a horseshoe. [3] In 1995, Antaki J F et al

proposed a shoe mounted generator consisting of PZT and hydraulic system mounted on the

sole of a shoe producing 6.2 W with 75 kg weight.[4] In 2003, Henry A. Sodano develop the

model of piezoelectric power harvester beam for getting accurate estimate of power generation

with simplified design, appropriate size and vibration levels necessary for sufficient energy to be

produced and supplied to the electronic devices. [5] In 2002, Ottmann et al explained a circuitry

used to maximize the energy generated during harvesting and the storage device could be

charged with greater efficiency. For this he applied adaptive DC-DC step down converter to

maximize the force production. It harvest energy at 4 times higher rate than without the

converter. Its drawback is that an additional circuitry components needed a voltage > 10V. [6] In

2014 Z. Nili Ahmadabadi made non- linear energy sunk by using the piezoelectric material and

produce power 1.32*10^(-4) w. [7] in 2014, S. leadenham made M shape beam made of spring

steel to increase the frequency and get 8mW power at frequency 15.8 Hz at excitation level

0.07g. [8] In 2006, E Minizara use a unimorph PZT membrane of dia. 25mm and produce

0.65mW power at 1.71KHz frequency. [9] In 2014, X.D.Xie produce energy using ocean waves

on piezoelectric patch on cantilever and conclude that power out put produce increase with

increase in cantilever length, wavelength. They produce maximum power of 30w. [10] In 2006,

Hua-Bi Fang make a piezoelectric generator in which structure of composite cantilever with

nikel metal mass is presumed using solgel, RIE dry etching, wet chemical etching, UV LIGA

techniques and get 898 mV voltage 2.16 uW power output under 1g acceleration resonant

excitation from 1.64um PZT layer. [11] In 2008, Jing Quan Liu make a power generator array

based on thick piezoelectric film of PZT and produce a 3.98 uW power and 3.93V dc voltage by

3 patch of structure with dimensions of length 3000um and width 1000um. [12] In 2010, Mr, Lei

Gu gives a design (by using a compliant driving beam between two rigid generated beams) for

developing power from low frequency input and get 1.53 mW power at 20.1 Hz frequency under

0.4g acceleration. Its Power density is 93.2 uW which is 6.8 times of conventional beam. [13] In

2010, S. korta make 2 piezoelectric harvesters (i) Round shape (which produce 256uW DC at

50Hz excitation with 4 mm amplitude with power density of 33.24uW/cm^3) (ii) Rectangular

shape ( which produce 625 uW dc at 50 Hz frequency with 9 mm amplitude with power density

of 57.89uW/cm^3 ) and claimed that rectangular patches are more durable , easy design and

easily implantable. [14] In 2011, Seo-Bae Kim make a MEMS based PEEH using PZT

membrane and check the performance at different temp. and concluded that power output

decrease with increase in temp. and hard PZT are more influenced by temp. than thin PZT. [15]

In 2014, Quan deng proposed a flex electrolytic harvesting by using beam made of dielectric

material and produce maximum power density of 0.35W/m^3 at 75180 Hz frequency , 100 ohm

resistance with 0.3mm thickness. They also concluded that conversion efficiency increase with

decrease in thickness of patch. [16] In 2010, Samual c. Stanton investigates the merits of

harvesting energy from a bistable nonlinear oscillator with help of magnet and produce 14uW

power obtaind 15Kohm load at 12Hz frequency load with excitation frequency acceleration of

10m/s^2. [17] In 2010 Chi-AnDai harvest the electric energy by using perpendicular nano rods

of ZnO on an indium tin oxide glass and get output density of 1uA/cm^2 in the 2cm*2cm area.

[18] In 2009, Christopher A Howells made a Heel strike piezoelectric generator using PZT and

produce power output of 0.0903W/compression. [19] In 2013, Jaeyun Lee use piezoelectric on

wheel of car and harvest 380.2 uj energy from a size (60mm*10mm*0.3mm) from 1 cycle with

50KgF. [20] In 2014, Xiaofeng Li study a energy harvesting model using 1820 Pavegen tiles

paved at 491,5m^2 area with average crossing of 26.188 crossing of person for whole year. Then

produce energy harvesting potential of 1.1MWh/year. And by using plucked method in

piezoelectric tile(which is still under development) it can produce 9.9MWh/year which reduce

540 annual cost and 10 tons/annum green house emission.

PROBLEM FORMULATION In above examples we observe that a lot of work or research on harvesting the electric energy

from many resources of energy from environment. Here, we produce the electric energy from

water flow through the pipe which may be available in every house. When water flow through

the pipe it will generate pressure energy. This pressure energy depends on the water flow rate

and this water flow rate can be directly observed from ‘‘The water flow measuring system”

developed by ADVANCE TECH INDIA PVT. LTD. When this pressure energy is applied on

PVDF patch, the patch will produce electric energy or voltage and this voltage can be measured

by using voltmeter or multimeter.

FABRICATIONIn order to verify the effectiveness of PEH device, we made a model of device. The fabrication

of device is very simple. We observe that generally water flow in our houses is through pipe of

dia. 1/2 inch or12.7mm. So, we use flow of water by electric motor of 0.5HP. It gives water

output in ½ inch or12.7mm pipe. But we can’t use piezoelectric patch in this pipe because patch

dia, is 40 mm. So, we have enlarge the pipe dia. so that patch can fit in pipe. For this we use pipe

of dia. 3 inch or 76.2 mm. We use diverges of ½ to 1inch, 1 to 2 inch and 2 to 3 inch. Then, we

mount the piezoelectric patch with circuit on the steiner. It may be done by two ways (a) With

the help of tape (b) With the help of two steiner (Mounting piezoelectric between two steiners).

Here we get water flow in 3 inch pipe then to mount the strainer (on which piezoelectric electric

patch is mounted) in flow of water we use flange joint in between the pipe of dia. 3 inch. Then

we mount the strainer between the flanges so as that piezoelectric is patch is at centre of pipe.

After it , we will join the flange joint with the help of bolt and complete the water flow circuit

with the help of rubber pipes by joining Water pump, Water flow measuring system,

Hydroelectric energy harvesting system and tank.

(a) (b)

Figure (a) Actual model of Hydro Piezoelectric energy harvesting system (b) Water flow circuit

of Hydro Piezoelectric energy harvesting system

WaterFlow Measuring

System

Hydro Piezoelectric

Energy Harvesting

System

Water Tank

Water Pump

EXPERIMENT RESULTS:In this experiment, we harvest energy by taking four different cases which are as follows:

Case A: Single piezoelectric with simple circuit

A(a) A(b)

Figure A(a) Systemetic diagram of Classic Circuit A(b) Actual diagram of Classic Circuit

Result of case A:

(Figure : Single Piezo with Simple Circuit)

Case B: Single piezoelectric with voltage doubler circuit

B (a) B (b)

Figure: B(a) Schematic diagram ofvoltage doubler circuit B(b) Actual circuit of Voltage

doubler circuit

Result of case B:

(Figure : Single Piezoelectric with Voltage doubler circuit)

Case C: Two piezoelectric in series with simple circuit Result

(Figure : Two Piezoelectric patch in series with simple circuit)

Case D: Two piezoelectric in series with voltage doubler circuit result

(Figure : Two Piezoelectric patch in series with Voltage Doubler circuit)

COMPERISSION GRAPH OF ALL THE VOLTAGE OUTPUTS

(Figure : Comparison of all the voltage output)

In figure A shows Single piezoelectric with simple circuit

B shows Single piezoelectric with voltage doubler circuit

C shows Two piezoelectric in series with simple circuit

D shows Two piezoelectric in series with voltage doubler circuit.

Graph shows that voltage output increase with increase in water flow rate. In case of A and B,

We see that there is large increase in voltage output between 8 and 10 m3/min water flow. Graph

shows that we get maximum output in single piezoelectric with voltage doubler circuit is 5.5 volt

at flow rate of 33m3/min. Graph shows that maximum two piezoelectric in series gives less

output which may be due to incorrect positioning, low flow rate, less frequency or may be any

other reason(which may be analysed by performing another experiments).

CONCLUSION:In this paper, Power is generated by using single patch and double patches of PVDF in series

configuration with classical and voltage doubler circuit by using dynamic pressure of water.

Voltage output with respect to water flow rate is measured are measured in each case.The

comparison has been done using single and double patch piezoelectric elements with Classical

and Voltage Doubler circuit under hydraulic dynamism. For single patch connected with voltage

doubler circuit provides the maximum voltage of 5.5 volt at water flow rate of 33 m3/minute .As

we increase the water flow rate the output voltage is also increased. As we increase the no. of

piezoelectric patches the output of the system decreases but its fluctuation also decrease. There

may be any reason for it (e.g. Critical frequency, pressure change due to small passage).For

single patch with classical circuit maximum voltage obtained is 2.86 volt at flow rate of 33

m3/minute. For two patch with classical circuit maximum voltage obtained is 2.3 volt at flow rate

of 31 m3/minute. For two patch with voltage doubler circuit maximum voltage obtained is 1.76

volt at flow rate of 31 m3/minute. When we start the experiment, first time when water strikes the

patch it have more turbulence ,so gives maximum voltage after some time when flow becomes

continuous the drops.The single patch with classical circuit have maximum fluctuation in output

voltage with respect to water flow rate and two patches in series with voltage doubler circuit

have minimum. It means that when if water flow rate is continuously varying with small

variation (2-3 m3/minute), then two patches in series with voltage doubler circuit gives

continuous voltage but in single patch with classical circuit it will vary continuously. This

system can be incorporated at the houses and buildings where water flow from top tank to

bottom floor. The model presented here can be used to generate power from the water, which is

wasted from homes, industries, power plants etc. The example can be used in water supply pipes

to supply electricity to the street lights.

Future work on this topic can be done by using turbulent flow in pipe, using another

piezoelectric material or using different type of circuits etc.

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