P2| APUSH| Slavery DBQ, Name:Assignment Overview: Over the next few days, you will be working towards your first DBQ. You’ll be analyzing documents regarding slavery, working on the essay for homework, and taking part in a peer-review exercise. You will receive a formative grade for your peer-review and a summative grade for your final DBQ. Choose your 1 partner who will review your essay and provide you with valuable feedback.

Procedure / Homework Schedule:

1. Tuesday, September 18th: - Review: DBQ “How to” - Background research on Racial Slavery Defined https://to.pbs.org/2pgfS4F - Read the background information and prompt (see page 2) and analyze the 7 documents.

2. Wednesday, September 19th – Thursday, September 20th , In class- Read the background information and prompt (see page 2) and analyze the 7 documents.- Write the DBQ- Feel free to consult with classmates about the DBQ while planning/writing.

3. Friday, September 21st by the end of class: - On Friday your typed essay must be emailed to your assigned partner and Mrs. Millam (RebecaMillam@pcschina.org). - Note: If your draft is incomplete, you will lose significant points on the assignment. The draft should represent your best

effort.- Discuss with your partner what file type you will send to one another.- You have Sat, Sun, Monday, and Tuesday to peer review. Please take the time to do this correctly as your partner will find

the comments to be very valuable.

4. Tuesday, September 25th by 11:59 pm: - On Tuesday evening your peer-review must be emailed to your assigned partner and Mrs. Millam. This is the review you

have completed for your partner.- The point of peer-review is to help the author improve his/her paper and become a more attentive writer in general. Thus,

your main task is to identify weaknesses and suggest ideas for improvement (in a constructive fashion, of course). With that being said, you will also need to identify the strengths of the paper overall. This is useful feedback for the author, who might perceive the paper’s strengths differently, and it helps the author accept the more critical feedback.

- Your edits should provide thoughtful commentary and criticism pertaining to all of the key categories in the DBQ rubric along with more general commentary regarding strengths, weaknesses, and ideas for improvement.

- Note: You will receive a formative grade (10 points) for your peer review. - Options for editing:

o Use the Microsoft Word comment feature to edit your peer’s work. o Simply record all of your commentary in

your email response. If you choose this method, be sure to neatly organize your feedback so that it can be easily applied to your partner’s paper.

5. Thursday, September 27th in class:- A hard copy of your final DBQ (which should clearly be

an improvement from your last draft) is due at the beginning of class.

- Formatting instructions: Include the following header at the top of your

DBQ:Your full namePeriod 2 Slavery DBQ

Use font size 12 and double space your writing.GOOD LUCK! REMEMBER TO ASK QUESTIONS IF YOU HAVE THEM!

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There is no great writing, only great rewriting.

(Justice Brandeis)

Background: Stanley M. Elkins, a famous historian who wrote Slavery: A Problem in American Institutional and Intellectual Life (1959), argued that the harsh conditions of American slavery stripped slaves of their native African identities, prevented them from having strong social and family relationship, and reduced them to dependent child-like laborers who were emasculated and unable to think for themselves. However, recent historical scholarship has reexamined the lives of those born into slavery and has begun to focus on their religious, social, cultural and intellectual identities. Many historians now conclude that individuals born into slavery had the power to shape their own world and were not merely objects of oppression. Historians are now analyzing slavery with a more broadened perspective, looking at not just slave treatment, but the creation of slave societies as well. Yet, in doing so, some critics believe that society may lose sight of how oppressive and degrading American slavery really was. You will need to wrestle with these issues as you frame your response to the prompt.

Prompt: To what extent was slavery in the New World dehumanizing? Use the documents AND knowledge from Period 2 (particularly pages 90-103 and the two PBS video clips from class—Racial Slavery Defined and The Middle Passage) to address the prompt. [Note: Dehumanization = to deprive of human qualities.]

Document 1

Background information on Frederick Douglass: http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aia/part4/4p1539.html

Document 2

Background information on Josiah Henson: http://docsouth.unc.edu/neh/henson49/summary.html

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Document 3

Source: PBS (Public Broadcasting Service, funded by U.S. government) Image, “Triangular” Trade

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Document 4

Source: Eighteenth-century painting (estimated 1785-1795), from the Abby Aldrich Rockefeller Art Museum (VA) Early African American Wedding Ceremony

Artist: John Rose, South Carolina plantation owner

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Document 5

John Woolman, Quaker, in Considerations on the Keeping of Negroes (1754)

Suppose that our ancestors and we had been exposed to constant servitude in the more servile and inferior employments of life; that we had been destitute of the help of reading and good company; that amongst ourselves we had had few wise and pious

instructors; that the religious amongst our superiors seldom took notice of us; that while others in ease had plentifully heaped up the fruit of our labour, we had received barely enough to relieve nature, and being wholly at the command of others had generally

been treated as a contemptible, ignorant part of mankind. Should we, in that case, be less abject that they are now?

Quaker community at Germantown, Pennsylvania (c. 1750)

What thing on the world can be done worse towards us, then if men should rob or steal us away, and sell us for slaves to strange countries, separating husbands from their wives and children. Being now this is not done at that manner, we will be done at,

therefore we contradict and are against this traffic of men’s bodies.

Background information on Quaker’s beliefs, with regards to slavery: http://www.pbs.org/thisfarbyfaith/journey_1/p_7.html

Document 6

Virginia slave laws:

1627: Christian baptism may not alter conditions of servitude.1669: The death of a slave during punishment shall not be accounted felony.

1691: Interracial sexual conduct shall be prohibited.

Document 7

Alexander Falconbridge, a British surgeon on several slave ships, provides a description of the Middle Passage in The African Slave Trade (1788)

The hardships and inconveniences suffered by the Negroes during the passage are scarcely to be enumerated or conceived. It frequently terminates in death, especially among the women. But the exclusion of the fresh air is among the most intolerable.

During the voyages I made, I was frequently witness to the fatal effects of this exclusion of fresh air. I will give one instance, as it serves to convey some idea, though a very faint one, of their terrible sufferings.

Some wet and blowing weather having occasioned the port-holes to be shut and the grating to be covered, fluxes and fevers among the Negroes ensued. While they were in this situation, I frequently went down among them till at length their room became so

extremely hot as to be only bearable for a very short time. But the excessive heat was not the only thing that rendered their situation intolerable. The deck, that is the floor of their rooms, was so covered with the blood and mucus which had proceeded from

them in consequence of the flux, that it resembled a slaughter-house. It is not in the power of the human imagination to picture a situation more dreadful or disgusting. Numbers of the slaves having fainted, they were carried upon deck where several of them

died and the rest with great difficulty were restored. It had nearly proved fatal to me also[;]...it was only with assistance I could get back on deck. The consequence was that I soon after fell sick of the same disorder from which I did not recover for several months.

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