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APES Exam Review Assignment 2020 - PacketOVERVIEW Below is a list of exam review options. Read each option carefully, then choose which ones you would like to complete for exam review. Remember the exam is cumulative so you will benefit from choosing a variety of assignments and topics. Refer to the course outline unit breakdown. Every assignment must be completed correctly, thoroughly, IN YOUR OWN HANDWRITING, on a separate sheet of paper, and on time. Assignments are due to the office by May 12th. This review assignment is worth 100 points as a summative score.

□ One credit (except option 5) is earned for each complete, correct, thorough, high quality, on-time assignment. □ To earn a B (85%), you must earn at least 2 credits. (3 credits = 92%)□ To earn an A (100%), you must earn at least 4 credits. (5 – 6 credits = 100%) □ To earn an extreme A (110%), you must earn at least 7 credits.

More than 7 credits will not earn you any extra points, but will definitely help you be extra prepared for the course final exam and the national exam.

OPTION 1: Practice FRQs through AP Classroom. Will be assigned the week of April 13th. Must complete all for credit.

OPTION 2: FRQS/FRQ Review (packet pages 3 – 13) Part 1: Complete four released FRQs, covering four different units. All FRQs must be written in complete sentences (except math). On all math questions, you must show ALL your work, include units (at every step), and circle your final answer. You may not use your cell phone. You may not use a computer. Be sure to indicate the year and question number for each question.

Part 2: Once your FRQs are completed, use the scoring guideline to check the answers for correctness. Then mark on the FRQs your original score in red pen. Add to or change the answers (in a DIFFERENT COLOR) so the FRQs are model FRQs that would receive 10/10 points and make the grader jump for joy.

Almost every FRQ will require you to explain, describe, analyze, discuss, etc. These all mean basically the same thing…SUPPORT YOUR ANSWER with details, explanations, examples, etc. Be very specific. Read some completed example FRQs online for ideas. You may earn multiple credits for this assignment by completing FRQs. Pick up FRQ handouts from your teacher.

OPTION 3: MATH REVIEW (Packet pages 14 – 17)For one credit, complete the math review packet. You must show ALL your work, include units at every step, and circle your final answer for each problem. You may not use a calculator. Once completed, have your answers checked, and then rework any problem you missed in a different color. Repeat until all problems are correct. Pick up a packet from your teacher.

OPTION 4: STUDY FLASH CARDS Think of these as flashcards on steroids. For one credit, choose one unit of study and create 20 handwritten index cards, each with information pertaining to a specific topic. These should be concept based, not just vocabulary. For example, a study card about biomagnification may have an explanation, some examples, a case study reference for its impacts in the real world (environmental, political, social, economic, etc), and a drawing. Your list of topics must be pre-approved

1AP Environmental Science – Macedo – APES Exam Review Assignment

by your teacher. You may earn multiple credits by completing additional sets of cards for additional units. Put each set of cards in a baggie so it can be attached to your review packet to turn in. You’ll need to get your own cards.

OPTION 5: REVIEW BOOK ANNOTATIONS For five credits, purchase an APES exam review book, read the entire book, and make quality annotations as evidence. You may highlight, but this will not count as annotating. Your annotations should show that you have processed the most important information, noted where you still lack understanding, and revisited each topic until you have mastered the content. You will also need to complete the quizzes at the end of each section (multiple choice and FRQ – doesn’t have to be full sentences but must be a complete outline) and use the answers/explanations to check your work (grade yourself in a different color). You must also complete all practice test FRQs (don’t worry about the MC since it’s not on the AP Test this year) and grade yourself – FRQs must be in complete sentences for this one. If you are interested in reusing/selling the review book, consider using post-its for your annotations. ** You’ll need to get your own review book. The best deals are on Amazon, but if you want to look through the books first, try Barnes & Noble. This assignment covers all the units. IT’S VERY IMPORTANT YOU BUY A BOOK ALIGNED TO THE NEW 2020 EXAM!!!

OPTION 6: LISTS & COMPARISIONS (Packet pages 18– 19)For one credit, complete the List worksheet. The lists do not need to be in complete sentences. You should list each topic and then thoroughly explain/define it. This assignment covers all the units. Pick up a worksheet from your teacher. Then complete the Comparisons worksheets (for another credit). Thoroughly explain the importance of each topic, and how they compare and contrast. Comparisons should not just be separate definitions, but should refer back to one another and show similarities and differences. This assignment covers all the units. Pick up a worksheet from your teacher.

OPTION 7: THREE THINGS TO KNOW (Packet pages 20 – 21) For one credit, complete the Three Things to Know worksheet. For each item on the list, identify three IMPORTANT pieces of information and explain each. This should be done in complete sentences. For maximum effectiveness, look up an FRQ that relates to each topic to see what the most important information may be. This assignment covers all the units. Pick up a worksheet from your teacher.

OPTION 8: COMPASS NOTES (Packet pages 22 – 23) Complete 7 “Compass Notes” Handouts on topics from the provided list. Need to have at least three items for each part of the compass (North, South, East, West). These items can be sources, impacts, etc. relating to the main topic. (See the example one on El Nino online for more guidance).


Option 2: FRQ Practice

2011, Question 2


2011, Question 2 – Grading Rubric


2016, Question 1


2018, Question 2


2018, Question 4



Option 3: Math Review Packet 2020Answer on a separate sheet of paper – show all work and label all problems (WITH UNITS) clearly for credit!

The APES Examination will require you to do mathematical calculations. Occasionally these calculations may be somewhat esoteric, and you may find it possible to do them in your head; nonetheless, it is mandatory to show all work for all calculations on the free-response section of the APES exam. This worksheet is designed help to prepare you for the type of calculations you may encounter on this year’s APES exam.

For each problem show every step of your work, and indicate the cancellation of all units…

Scientific Notation—All APES students should be able to work comfortably with numbers in scientific notation.

Place the following numbers into scientific notation.

1) one billion 2) 70 trillion 3) twenty three thousand4) three hundred

5) 0.00025 6) 7,310,000

Perform the following calculations in scientific notation.

7) five hundred billion times thirty five thousand 8) six thousand divided by 300 billion

9) 3.4 x 10 -2 10) 1.0 x 10 5 11) (3.5 x 10-2)(2.0 x 10-5) 12) (1.11 x 10-5)(6.0 x 109)

1.7 x 10-5 2.0 x 103

Metric Conversions—All APES students should be comfortable converting between common metric prefixes. Below are common prefixes, and their number as it relates to the base unit. For example, 10-9 teraWatt = 1 Watts; 1 meter = 103 millimeters

n = nano = 109 = micro = 106 m = milli = 103

k = kilo = 10-3 M = mega= 10-6 T = Tera = 10-9 G = Giga = 10-12

13) 2.8 mm = ____________ m 17) 250 mL = ____________ L

14) 1.3 nm = ____________ m 18) 400 GW = ____________W

15) 300 mg = ____________g 19) 5 x 104 kg= ____________Mg

16) 12 g = ____________ng

Unit conversions—All APES students should be able to convert from one system of units to another.


Use the information below to complete the following. Show all of your work including the canceling of all units.

1 mi2 = 640 acres 1 acre = 0.405 hectares 1 metric ton (tonne) = 1 x 103 kg

1 barrel oil = 42 gallons 1 L = 0.264 gallons

1 kilowatt-hour = 3.4 x 104 BTU= 8.6 x 105 calories

20) A 100 square mile area of national forest is how many acres? how many hectares?

21) A city that uses ten billion BTUs of energy each month is using how many kilowatt-hours of energy?

22) Fifty eight thousand kilograms of solid waste is equivalent to how many metric tons?

23) If one barrel of crude oil provides six million BTUs of energy, how many BTUs of energy will one liter of crude oil provide? How many calories of energy will one gallon of crude oil provide?

24) For crude oil, if 150 pounds of CO2 is released per million BTUs of energy, how much CO2 is produced by each barrel of crude oil? (use information from the previous problem)

Percentages—All APES students should be able to work comfortably with percentages.

25) Calculate the percentage growth rate for a country with a population of 6 million in a year in which it had 100,000 births, 70,000 deaths, 30,000 immigrants, and 50,000 emigrants.

26) If the concentration of mercury in a water supply changes from 65 parts per million (ppm) to 7 ppm in a ten-year period, what is the percentage change of the mercury concentration? How much per year?

27) A natural gas power plant is 60% efficient. If one cubic meter of natural gas provides 1000 BTUs of electricity. How many BTUs of waste heat were produced?

28) If 35% of a natural area is to be developed, leaving 500 acres untouched, how many acres are to be developed?

29) How many gallons are in 15 L of gasoline? What would that cost in 1987, when gas was $0.89/gal? In 2012, when gas is $3.60/gal?

30) What is the percent change in gasoline prices from 1987 to now?

Data Presentation--All APES students must be comfortable constructing tables, graphs and charts.

Tables: Tables should be used to present results that have relatively few data points. Tables are also useful to display several dependent variables at the same time. There is a title on top that describes the contents of the table, including experimental conditions. Column or Row headers include units of measure.

Graphs: Numerical results of an experiment are often presented in a graph rather than a table. A graph is literally a picture of the results, and trends in the data can be more easily interpreted. Generally, the independent variable is on the x-axis (horizontally) and the


%Change=Final−InitialInitial

x 100

dependent variable is graphed on the y-axis (vertically). The effect of the independent variable on the dependent variable can then be determined.

When drawing a graph use a straight-edge or ruler, and preferably graph paper to plot points accurately. Label each axis with the name of the variable and the units it is measured. The title is descriptive of the experiment or the data shown. The intervals labeled on each axis should be appropriate for the range of the data, and must be evenly spaced.

Line graphs are used to represent continuous data, those that have an unlimited number of values between data points. Data are plotted as separate points on the axes, and the points are connected together. Examples include growth over time, amounts of chemical used or changes in concentrations.

Bar graphs are used to represent discrete variables, those that have a limited number of possible values. These can include things like specific locations, species of plant or animal, or types of growing conditions.

Pie Charts are used when all of the parts are percentages of the whole, equaling 100%. Examples include all the types of fuels used globally, or the uses for land in the US.

Use the temperature and precipitation data provided in Table 1 to complete the following questions.

Table 1: Average Monthly High Temperature and Precipitation in Four Cities

(T = Temperature in oC; P = Precipitation in cm)

Jan Feb Mar Apr Ma

y Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct No

vDec

Fairbanks, Alaska

T -19 -12 -5 6 15 22 22 19 12 2 -11 -17

P 2.3 1.3 1.8 0.8 1.5 3.3 4.5 5.3 3.3 2.0 1.8 1.5

San Francisco, California

T 13 15 16 17 17 19 18 18 21 20 17 14

P 11.9 9.7 7.9 3.8 1.8 0.3 0 0 0.8 2.5 6.4 11.

2

San Salvador,

El Salvador

T 32 33 34 34 33 31 32 32 31 31 31 32

P 0.8 0.5 1.0 4.3 19.6

32.8

29.2

29.7

30.7

24.1 4.1 1.0

Indianapolis, Indiana

T 2 4 9 16 22 28 30 29 25 18 10 4

P 7.6 6.9 10. 9.1 9.9 10. 9.9 84 8.1 7.1 8.4 7.6


2 2

31) Compare monthly temperatures in Fairbanks with temperatures in San Salvador.

a. Can data for both cities be plotted on the same graph? e. What is the range of the values for the x-axis?

b. What will go on the x-axis? f. How should the y-axis be labeled?

c. How should the x-axis be labeled? g. What type of graph should be used?

d. What should go on the y-axis?32) Compare the average September temperature for the four cities in the table.

a. Can data for all four cities be plotted on the same graph? e. What is the range of values on the y-axis?

b. What will go on the x-axis? f. How should the y-axis be labeled?

c. How should the x-axis be labeled? g. What type of graph should be used?

d. What should go on the y-axis?Interpreting Data--APES students must be able to read and interpret the information presented in a variety of ways, including graphs and tables.

Once you understand how graphs are constructed, it is easier to get information from the graphs in your textbook as well as to interpret the results you obtain from experiments. Use

the information presented in the graphs to answer the questions that follow them.

34) a. Describe what the

graph shows. (Describing means to look at the overall picture presented or trend in the data. What’s happening? Interpret the graph; don’t just repeat the title.)

b. What was the world’s population in 1900? 2010?

c. Assuming that the population trend continues, predict the world population in 2025. Do you think this is likely to occur? Defend your answer.

35) a. Describe what the graph shows.


Change in world population from 1700 to 2010

0100020003000400050006000700080009000

10000

1700 1750 1800 1850 1900 1950 2000 2050

Year

Popu

latio

n (m

illio

ns)

Population (millions)

Change in range of average monthly temperature as latitude changes.

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

-70-60-50-40-30-20-10010203040506070

Degrees Latitude

Rang

e in

ave

rage

mon

thly

te

mpe

ratu

re o

C

Range in average monthly temperature oC

b. At what latitude does the least variation occur?

c. Miami is at approximately 26o N latitude. From the information on the graph, what is the range in mean monthly temperature there?

d. Sydney, Australia is at approximately 33o S latitude (-33o on the graph). From the information on the graph, what is the range in mean monthly temperature there?

f. Which hemisphere, the northern or the southern, has the greatest range in monthly temperatures? Why does this occur?

Option 6: Lists

Important Lists 2020


Need to do more than just “list” the items. Need to summarize and explain each item. Make connections to any important environmental impacts the items have. Diagrams can be used IN ADDITION to your explanation.

Layers of the atmosphere from Earth upward – what is unique/important about each one?

Layers of the earth – what is unique/important about each one?

Types of mining & impacts Types of rocks & how they are created

Indoor air pollutants – sources & impacts Criteria pollutants – sources & impacts

Renewable energy sources – how do they create electricity & advantages/disadvantages

Nonrenewable energy sources – how do they create electricity & advantages/disadvantages

Types of irrigation – how do they work & adv/disadv Types of consumers

Parts of the water cycle – explain all & identify human impacts

Parts of the Nitrogen cycle – explain all & identify human impacts

Threats to biodiversity Types of biodiversity

Experimental design steps Components of air – include percentages

Lake zones Ocean zones

Levels of complexity (of the natural world) Types of community interactions

Types of tectonic plate contact & landforms created Sources of freshwater & percentages

Classes of public land Ways to harvest timber & sustainability

Practices of sustainable agriculture Water pollutants – sources & impacts

Ways to control air pollution Emergent infectious diseases – sources & impacts

Greenhouse gases – sources & effect Final preparations for the AP test

Option 6: Comparisons


Important Comparisons 2020Make sure you thoroughly explain what each item is. Clearly explain what they have in common/what is different between them. Give 1-2 specific examples for each general concept. Include Diagrams & Equations as needed.Positive feedback loops Negative feedback loop

Primary pollutants Secondary pollutants

Dependent variables Independent variables

Open systems Closed systems

First Law of Thermodynamics Second Law of Thermodynamics

GPP NPP

Oligotrophic lakes Eutrophic lakes

Species richness Species evenness

Allopatric speciation Sympatric speciation

Density-dependent limiting factors Density-independent limiting factors

Exponential population growth Logistic population growth

K-selected species r-selected species

Type I survivorship Type II survivorship Type III survivorship

Primary succession Secondary succession

Weathering Erosion

Confined aquifers Unconfined aquifers

Tropospheric ozone Stratospheric ozone

Open-loop recycling Closed-loop recycling

Kyoto Protocol Montreal Protocol

Phosphorous Cycle Nitrogen Cycle Sulfur Cycle Water Cycle

Greenhouse Effect Enhanced Greenhouse Effect

Point Source Water Pollutants Nonpoint Source Water Pollutants

Primary Water Treatment Secondary Water Treatment

Option 7: Three Things to Know


DirectionsUse your brains, notes, textbook, and internet to come up with THREE important things to know about each topic. Be specific, but concise. Thoroughly explain each thing you list. Think about answering an FRQ for each topic. What would be the most important things to include in your answer?

Water Cycle

Carbon Cycle

Nitrogen Cycle

Phosphorus Cycle

Ozone Depletion

Climate Change

Oceans

Atmosphere

Terrestrial Biomes

Aquatic Biomes

Plate Tectonics

Weather and Erosion

Endangered Species

Ecosystems (energy flow, trophic roles, productivity)


Human Population Growth

Toxicology

Solid Waste Management

Air Pollution

Water Pollution

Wastewater Treatment

Energy Production/Fossil Fuels

Alternative Energy Resources

Mining and Mine Reclamation

Soil

Agricultural Production

Oil Pollution

Laws of Thermodynamics

Biodiversity

Fishing

Option 8: Compass Notes Topics List


You will complete the Compass Notes Handout for 7 of these topics – you might need to do a little background research on some of the issues. Use the template on page 23 (you can handwrite on lined or printer paper).

EutrophicationNuclear Disaster – ChernobylThree Gorges DamUrban SprawlAlternative Energy: WindAlternative Energy: SolarAlternative Energy: WaterAreas in California destroyed by wildfire now suffering from mudslidesCape Town runs out of waterKeystone Access PipelineParis AgreementFrackingForestry ManagementPrimary SuccessionGreat Pacific Garbage PatchReduce, Reuse, Recycle6th Mass ExtinctionHuman Population Reaches 7.5 BillionStage 2 of Demographic TransitionStage 4 of Demographic TransitionFarming Techniques for Soil ConservationOcean AcidificationTropospheric OzoneOpen Pit Mining


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