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CAROLUS LINNAEUS

Kingdoms and classificationName: ____________________________________________ Period: ______________

TEACHER: _____________________________________________________________

Student Unit Plan 8: Topic to Master: Taxonomy, Classification, Kingdoms ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Vocabulary Terms: taxonomy classification kingdom phylum class order family genus species taxon phylogeny dichotomous key cladogram hierarchy binomial nomenclature heterotroph autotroph

unicellular ciliamulticellular sessile flagella fungi

eukaryotenucleus archaebacteria eubacteria protista celluloseanimalia plantae producer consumer chitinpseudopod prokaryote---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

BIG IDEA: Taxonomy, Classification and Kingdoms STOCK QUESTIONS My level ofunderstanding or

1. Can I define the term taxonomy and recognize the importance of a standard classifying system?

Why is it important to classify organisms into different categories?

2. Can I identify the contributions of Linnaeus to the Science of Taxonomy (classification)?

How was Linnaeus’ system useful to the world of Biology?

3. Can I identify how to correctly write an organism’s scientific name (binomial nomenclature)?

Why is it important for organisms to have a scientific name?

4. Given scientific names of organisms, can I determine which are most closely related?

5. Can I identify the hierarchy (levels) of classification (K, P, C, O F, G, S)?

6. Can I correctly read and interpret a dichotomous key?

7. Can I categorize organisms using a hierarchical classification system based on similarities and differences shared among groups?

8. Can I identify the characteristics of the organisms that belong to the six kingdoms?

9. Can I compare and contrast the characteristics of the six kingdoms?

NOTES ABOUT THE KINGDOMS:

EUBACTERIA Cell type_____________________________

# of cells ____________________________

Cell structure: Cell wall _______ peptidoglycan

Nutrition : ___________________________

Movement __________________________

Reproduction: _______________________

Where do they live? ___________________

Some are pathogens that cause disease

Some are beneficial

ARCHAEBACTERIA“ANCIENT BACTERIA”

Cell type_______________________

# of cells _______________________

Cell structure: Cell wall has _____ peptidoglycan

Nutrition : _________________________

Movement _________________________

Reproduction _______________________

Found only in ___________ environments.

Examples include methanogens, halophiles, and

thermophiles

FUNGI Cell type_______________________

# of cells _______________________

Cell structure: Cell wall with __________

Nutrition : _________________________________

Movement ________________________

Reproduction: _____________________

Role: _____________________________

Examples include mushrooms, molds, ringworm,

yeast, athlete’s foot, Penicillium

PROTISTS Cell type_______________________

# of cells _______________________

Cell structure: ____________________

Nutrition : ________________________

Movement :______________________

Reproduction: _____________________

Found manly in _________ environments

Examples include amoebas, Paramecium,

Euglena, algae, and slime molds

PLANTS Cell type_______________________

# of cells _______________________

Cell structure: Cell wall with _____________

Nutrition : ____________________________

Movement __________________________

Reproduction: ______________________

Some use male and female sex cells called

gametes in special organs

Flowers Cones Examples include mosses, ferns, flowering

plants, trees, and cactus

ANIMALS Cell type_________________________

# of cells _________________________

Cell structure: _____________________

Nutrition : ____________________________

Movement __________________________

Reproduction: _____________________

Role _________________________________

_______________________________________

_____________________________________

CLASSIFICATION – CHARACTERISTICS OF THE SIX KINGDOMSDIRECTIONS: 1. Each text box contains a list of characteristics for organisms found within the same kingdom.2. Read the information listed in each text box and identify the appropriate kingdom for organisms with those characteristics.3. Additionally, explain how you selected the kingdom from the characteristics listed.

(A)* Does not have a nucleus* Unicellular* Lives in harsh conditions, such as hot springs or volcanoes

KINGDOM: _________________________________Explain your reason(s) for selecting this kingdom:____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

(B)* Well-defined nucleus* Some are autotrophs, others are heterotrophs* Usually unicellular, some are multicellular or colonial* Move by means of flagella, cilia or pseudopods

KINGDOM: _______________________________Explain your reason(s) for selecting this kingdom:____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

(C)* Eukaryotic* Cannot make their own food* Multicellular* Important decomposers

KINGDOM: ___________________________________Explain your reason(s) for selecting this kingdom:____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

(D)* Well-defined nucleus* Autotrophs* Multicellular* Cellulose in cell walls

KINGDOM: _________________________________Explain your reason(s) for selecting this kingdom:________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

(E)* Prokaryotic* Some are autotrophic, others are heterotrophic* Some beneficial, others are pathogens* Cell wall contains peptidoglycan

KINGDOM: _________________________________Explain your reason(s) for selecting this kingdom:____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

(F)* Well-defined nucleus* Cannot make their own food* Made up of many cells with specialized tissues and organs* Mostly sexual reproduction

KINGDOM: _______________________________Explain your reason(s) for selecting this kingdom:____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

(G)* Eukaryotic and multicellular* Make their own food* Sessile* Cells contain chloroplasts

KINGDOM: ___________________________________Explain your reason(s) for selecting this kingdom:____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

(H)* DNA not surrounded by a membrane* Some can make their own food and some cannot make their own food.* Some are nitrogen-fixing


(I)* Eukaryotic and multicellular* Heterotrophic* Mobile* Vertebrates


CLASSIFICATION NOTES: What is the importance of classifying things?

______________________________________________

______________________________________________

______________________________________________

______________________ is placing things into categories based on similar characteristics

_________________________ is the science of classifying organisms

________________________category; very general; most diverse; most inclusive

____________ category; most specific; least diverse; most exclusive

HOW WILL YOU REMEMBER THE ORDER????

Carolus Linnaeus : 1732, came up with the universal 2 word-naming system called _____________________________based on the dead language called LATIN. Each organism has a _____________ and _____________________ name.

_________________ is written first and is _________________________. Can be underlined or italicized but not both.

________________ is written second and is _______________________. Can be underlined or italicized but not both.

Scientific names can tell scientists how closely related organisms are to each other.

Based on their names, you know that the baboons The bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana, is most closely related Papio annubis and Papio cynocephalus do not belong to the _____________.to the same:

a. Family c. Order a. Spotted chorus frog, Pseudacris clarkib. Genus d. Species b. Asian flying frog, Polypedates leucomystax

c. Northern leopard frog, Rana pipiens---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Scientific name of lion?__________________________

Of deer? ______________________________________

Of wolf?_______________________________________

Most closely related?_____________________________

What categories do they all have in common?

_______________________________________________

DICHOTOMOUS KEY: ________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________________

Dichotomous Key on Norns

Norns belong to the genus Norno and can be divided into eight species that are generally located in specific regions of the world. Use the dichotomous key to identify the Norns below. Write their complete scientific name (genus + species) in the blank.

1. Has pointed ears .................................... go to 3 Has rounded ears ....................................go to 2

2. Has no tail ............................................. Norno kentuckyus Has tail .................................................. Norno dakotus

3. Ears point upward .................................... go to 5 Ears point downward .................................go to 4

4. Engages in waving behavior ............................. Norno dallus Has hairy tufts on ears .......................................Norno californius

5. Engages in waving behavior ............................. Norn wala-wala Does not engage in waving behavior....................go to 6

6. Has hair on head ............................................. Norno beverlus Has no hair on head (may have ear tufts) .......go to 7

7. Has a tail ............................................. Norno yorkio Has no tail, aggressive ...................... Norno rajus

A______________________ B_____________________ C____________________

D. ________________________ E. ______________________ F. __________________________

Which tree produced each of the leaves shown in this diagram?

Write the genus for each tree that produced the leaves shown above.

I. __________________________________________

II. _________________________________________

III. ________________________________________

IV. _______________________________________

V. ________________________________________

VI. _______________________________________

VII. ______________________________________

Cladograms

Background: Cladistics is the study of evolutionary classification. Cladograms show evolutionary relationships among organisms. Comparative morphology investigates characteristics for homology and analogy to determine which organisms share a recent common ancestor. A cladogram will begin by grouping organisms based on a characteristics displayed by ALL the members of the group. Subsequently, the larger group will contain increasingly smaller groups that share the traits of the groups before them. However, they also exhibit distinct changes as the new species evolve. Further, molecular evidence from genes which rarely mutate can provide molecular clocks that tell us how long ago organisms diverged, unlocking the secrets of organisms that may have similar convergent morphology but do not share a recent common ancestor.

Questions:

1. Which organisms in the cladogram in the diagram above have fur and mammary glands?

2. Which organisms in the cladogram in figure 1 have jaws?

3. Based on the cladogram in figure 1, which shared a common ancestor most recently – a mouse and a lizard or a mouse and a perch?

4. Which two organisms would you expect to have a closer matching DNA sequence for a gene that is NOT under selective pressure in nature – Hagfish and Pigeon or Hagfish and Salamander?

SELF-QUIZ:

1. What structure is common to all domains of living organisms?

A DNA C Cell WallB Nucleus D Flagella

2. Which of the following levels of classification is the largest, most inclusive group of organisms?

A Species C KingdomB Family D Order

3. All of the following characteristics are used to classify living organisms EXCEPT –

A genetic relationships.B habitat and social interaction.C cell structure and function.D mode of reproduction.

4. A table of animal characteristics is provided below:

Rodents, such as mice, have a notochord, hair, 3 inner ear bones, and produce milk. They have five toes on each foot. Rodents, therefore, are classified as –

A Chordates only, not mammals or cetartiodactyls.B Chordates and cetartiodactyls, but not mammals.C Chordates and mammals, but not cetartiodactyls.D Chordates, mammals, and cetartiodactyls

5. Why is it important to have a common classification system in the worldwide scientific community? It –

A allows scientists to classify organisms and assign each living thing a universally accepted name.B makes certain that all future discoveries of organisms will fit into an existing category.C prevents different countries from using their own languages for common names of organisms.D provides a way to ensure that species will no longer change over time.

6. Two organisms that are classified in the same class are more similar than two organisms that are only in the same –

A species.B phylum. C order.D genus.

7. A table showing characteristics of an organism is provided. According to this information, the organism described most likely belongs to Kingdom –

A AnimaliaB ProtistaC FungiD Plantae

8. Taxonomy is the branch of science that deals with –

A composition of the material universe.B classification of living organisms.C function of cellular structures.D organization of all non-living things.

9. A table of information about an organism is provided. To which of the following Kingdoms does the organism most likely belong?

A PlantaeB ProtistaC EubacteriaD Archaebacteria

10. An organism has the following characteristics. Eukaryotic, multicellular, no cell walls, reproduces sexually and does not carry out photosynthesis. Which of the following classification correctly describes this organism?

A Domain Eukarya – Kingdom AnimaliaB Domain Eukarya – Kingdom FungiC Domain Bacteria – Kingdom EubacteriaD Domain Archaea – Kingdom Archaebacteria

€¦ · web viewof the groups before them. however, they also exhibit distinct changes as the...

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