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A DESCRIPTIVE STUDY TO ASSESS THE KNOWLEDGE

REGARDING PREVENTION OF ACNE VULGARIS AMONG THE

ADOLESCENTS AT GOVT. MODEL GIRLS SENIOR SECONDARY

SCHOOL PORTMORE IN SHIMLA (H.P.) WITH THE VIEW TO

DEVELOP INFORMATION BOOKLET.

Thesis submitted for the partial fulfillment of the requirement for thedegree of

MASTER OF SCIENCE IN NURSING

( Community Health Nursing)

OF

HIMACHAL PRADESH UNIVERSITY SHIMLA

MEERAN RANI

SISTER NIVEDITA GOVT. NURSING COLLEGE I.G.M.C SHIMLA

HIMACHAL PRADESH

2018

CERTIFIED THAT THIS IS THE BONAFIDE WORK

OF

MEERAN RANI

At The

SISTER NIVEDITA GOVT. NURSING COLLEGE

Thesis submitted for the partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree

Of

MASTER OF SCIENCE IN NURSING(Community Health Nursing)

OF

HIMACHAL PRADESH UNIVERSITY,SHIMLA2018

Roll No………………… MRS. USHA MEHTA Master of Science in Nursing …………………………… Professor cum Principal M.Sc. (N) S.N.G N.C,I.G.M.C Shimla. (H.P)

SISTER NIVEDITA GOVT. NURSING COLLEGE I.G.M.C SHIMLA

HIMACHAL PRADESH

2018

CERTIFICATE OF SUPERVISON

Certified that this dissertation entitled “A descriptive study to assess the knowledge

regarding prevention of acne vulgaris among adolescents at Govt. Model

Girls Senior Secondary School Portmore in Shimla ( H.P.) with the view to

develop information booklet.” is the bonafide work of Mrs. Meeran Rani and was

conducted under our guidance & supervision, at Sister Nivedita Govt. Nursing

College ,I.G.M.C Shimla (H.P) for the partial fulfillment for the degree of master of science in

nursing ( Community Health Nursing ).

To the best of our knowledge , this is an original work undertaken by the candidate

and has not been submitted in full or in part for the award of any other degree. The data and

references used in the study have been duly acknowledged.

GUIDE :

Mrs. Sangeeta Sharma

(Lecture of Medical Surgical Nursing)

Sister Nivedita Govt. Nursing College.

Indira Gandhi Medical College Shimla.(H.P)

DECLARATION

I hereby declare that this dissertation entitled “A descriptive study to assess the

knowledge regarding prevention of acne vulgaris among adolescents at

Govt. Model Girls Senior Secondary School Portmore in Shimla (H.P.)

with the view to develop information booklet.” submitted in the partial

fulfillment for the requirement of master of science in Nursing ( Community

Health Nursing ) is my original work.

Date …………… Signature

Place …………..

Meeran Rani

M.Sc. ( N) Final year

S. N.G.N.C,I.G.M.C

Shimla ( H.P)

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I express my soulful thanks to Almighty for showering his blessings on me throughout my

research study.

I am heartedly thankful to our worthy Principal Mrs. Usha Mehta Professor cum Principal

Sister Nivedita Govt. Nursing College ,IGMC Shimla for providing the opportunity to

undertake M.Sc. Nursing programme in our esteemed institution .

It is my pleasure to express my deep sense of gratitude for my research guide Mrs. Sangeeta

Sharma ( lecture of Medical and Surgical Nursing ) ,who firmly but patiently and gradually

guided me at every step of this work .

I wish to express my sincere thanks to our class co-ordinator Dr .Aditya Sharma and all

experts in the field who have given their valuable suggestions . I extend my grateful thanks to

all the medical and nursing experts in the field of community health nursing who gave

constructive criticism ,modified , refined and validated the content of the tool .

I extend my warmest thanks to Biostatiscian Mr .Barjinder Kumar Aneja for his help in the

statistical analysis of the study .

I am again thankful to Dr. Prabha Kashyap ( lecturer of Peadiatric Department )for

helping me to review and for providing me library facilities throughout the study.

I express my heartfelt thanks to all the faculty members & office bearers of Sister

Nivedita Govt. Nursing College, IGMC Shimla.

I extend my thanks to Principal of Govt. Model Girls Senior Secondary School at Portmore

for granting permission to conduct the study .

I express my heartedly thanks and gratitude for the cooperation extended by the school

children who participated in my study .

My sincerely & deep sense of gratitude to all the experts who validated the tool.

My honest appreciation and thanks to my husband for his invaluable support and

cooperation , guidance ,motivation and unending help and strength throughout my research

work .

My sincere thanks and gratitude to those who directly or indirectly helped me in the

successful completion of this study . I would like to thank my ever –loving friends and my

classmates .

In the end I salute this institution who groomed me as a successful nursing students..

“When you can’t control what’s happening, challenge yourself to control the way you

respond to what’s happening .That’s where your power is”

With heartfelt everlasting gratitude

Ms. Meeran Rani

Date :

Place: Shimla

“A descriptive study to assess the knowledge regarding prevention of acne

vulgaris among adolescents at Govt. Model Girls Senior Secondary School

Portmore in Shimla (H.P.) with the view to develop information booklet.”

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION:

A descriptive study to assess the knowledge regarding prevention of acne vulgaris among the

adolescents at Govt. Model Girls Senior Secondary School Portmore in Shimla (H.P.) with

the view to develop information booklet was conducted by Meeran Rani in the partial

filfilment of the requirement of M.Sc. Nursing degree course at SNGNC, IGMC

SHIMLA.

OBJECTIVES:

1) To assess the knowledge regarding prevention of acne vulgaris among the adolescents

2) To determine the association of knowledge with selected demographic variables

3) To develop an information booklet .

METHOD:

A descriptive research design was chosen, convenient sampling technique was used to select

100 sample for the study . The tool used for study was structured knowledge questionnaires

to assess the knowledge regarding prevention of acne vulgaris . Independent variable of the

study was structured knowledge questionnaires and dependent variable was knowledge of

student regarding prevention acne vulgaris. The data gathered was analyzed and interpreted

in the light of objectives by using the descriptive and inferential statistics in terms of

frequency , percentage , mean , median and S.D chi – square , and to find out the

significance of certain variables . Bar diagram and pie diagram used to depict the findings

RESULTS :

The major finding of the study revealed that knowledge regarding acne vulgaris prevention

was good . Study results revealed that in average, knowledge was 90%, good knowledge was

7% and 3% had poor knowledge. None had very good knowledge regarding acne vulgaris.

Mean was 16.01 median score was 17, S.D. 3.06 maximum 22, minimum 9, range 13, mean

percentage was 53. 37.

None of the group had poor practice of mean score of maximum number of adolescents 86%

were in the age group of 15-16 years , followed by 12%were under age group of 17-18 years

and 2%were under the age group of 13-14 years but none of them were under the age group

of 19-20 years . All the adolescents were Female that is 100%.

Majority of adolescents 97% were Hindu, followed by 2% were muslim and the least 1% were

others but none of them were Christian.

Majority of the adolescents 64% belonged to urban residence and 36% belonged to rural

residence

Most of the adolescents 86% were studying in 11th class, followed by 8% belonged to 10th

class and the least 6% belonged to 12th class

Majority of the adolescents had 37% family income of 15001Rs. or above, followed by 26%

belonged to family income between 5001-10000 Rs, followed by 22% belonged to family

income between 1000-5000 and the least 15% belonged to family income between 10001-

15000 Rs.

Most of the adolescents 80% were vegetarian, followed by 20% were non-vegetarian.

Majority of the adolescents 61% had some previous knowledge, followed by 24% didn’t had

any previous knowledge and the least 15% had some knowledge regarding prevention of acne

vulgaris

Majority of the adolescents 32% had family, followed by 27% had friends, followed by 24%

had mass media and the least 17 % had others as source of information regarding prevention of

acne vulgaris

TABLE OF CONTENT

S. NO CONTENT PAGE NO

1. INTRODUCTION

1.1 Introduction 1 -4 1.2 Need of the study 5-7

1.3 Problem Statement 8 1.4 Objective of the study 8

1.5 Hypothesis 8 1.6 Operational definition 81.7 Conceptual fremwork 9-111.8 Delimitation 111.9 Assumptions 11

1.10 Summary 11 1.11 Organization of the report 11-12

2 . REVIEW OF LITERATURE 13 Summary 13 - 18 3. METHODOLOGY 19 -28

3.1 Research approach 20

3.2 Research design 21 3.3 Variables under study 213.4 Setting of the study 22 3.5 Target Population 21

3.6 Sample and sampling technique 23 3.7 Data collection tool 23

3.8 Description of tool 243.9 Reliability of the tool 25 3.10 Pilot study 27 3.11

Ethical consideration 273.12

Procedure for data collection 283.13 Plan for data analysis 27

3.14 Summary 28

4. DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF RESULTS

4.1 Objectives

4.2 Organization and presentation of data

Section 1: Finding related to description of sample characteristics 30-37

Section 11: Finding related to the knowledge regarding prevention 38-39

of acne vulgaris

among the adolescents at Govt. Model Girls Senior Secondary School at Shimla,

(H.P.)

Section 111: Finding related to association between the knowledge regarding prevention 40

of acne vulgaris among the adolescents at Govt. Model Girls Senior Secondary School

Portmore at Shimla, (H.P.) with their selected socio demographic variables.

- Discussion 46

- Summary of the findings 47-49 - Summary of the chapter

5. SUMMARY ,MAJOR FINDINGS ,

CONCLUSION IMPLICATION

, LIMITATIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

5.1 Summary 49 5.2 Major findings 515.3 Conclusion 525.4 Implications 5.5 Limitation 54 5.6 Recommen dations 56

References

LIST OF TABLES

SR. NO TITLES PAGE NO.

1.1 Frequency distribution of socio demography variable. 32- 37

4.2 Frequency and percentage distribution level of knowledge regarding 38-39

Prevention acne vulgari senior secondary school shimla.( H.P.)

4.3 Descriptive statistic table of knowledge regarding prevention 41

of acne vulgaris among the adolescents selected senior secondary

school (H.P. )

4.4 Association of knowledge score with selected demography variable . 42-43

LIST OF FIGURES

S. NO TITLES PAGE NO.

1.1 Conceptual framework of the study based on system model 9

3.1 Schematic representation of Research methodology. 29

4 .3 Bar Diagram showing frequency and percentage distribution of 33

adolescents according to their age .

4.4 Bar Diagram showing frequency and percentage distribution according 33

to Gender


to religion.


residence.


Class


to. monthly income of family .


Dietary habit.

4.10 Bar Diagram frequency and percentage distribution according 36

Previous knowledge of adolescents.

4.11 Bar Diagram Showing percentage Percentage distribution of adolescents 38

according. To their Source of information

4.12 Bar diagram showing percentage distribution of the knowledge regarding 40

prevention of acne vulgaris among adolescents at Govt.Model Girls Senior

Secondary School Portmore ,Shilma, (H.P.)

4.13 Descriptive statistics of the knowledge regarding prevention of acne vulgaris 41

among adolescents Govt. Model Girls Senior Secondary School Portmore at

Shimla, ( H.P)

4.14 Pie diagram showing descriptive statistics of the knowledge regarding prevention 41

of acne vulgaris among adolescents Govt. Model Girls Senior Secondary

School Portmore at Shimla, ( H.P)

LIST OF APPENDICES

S.No TITLE Page NO.

Appendix-A letter seeking permission to conduct the research study i

from ethical committee S.N.G.N.C, IGMC Shimla ( H.P)

Appendix-B Letter seeking permission to conduct the pilot study from ii

Principal S.N.GN.C IGMC Shimla ( H.P)

Appendix-C Letter seeking permission to conduct the pilot study from iii

Senior Secondary School Mashobra Shimla ( H. P)

Appendix-D Letter seeking permission to conduct the study from principal iv

SNGNC IGMC Shimla (H.P) at G.M.S.S.S.Portmore.

Appendix-E Letter seeking permission to conduct the research study v

at Govt. Girls Model Senior Secondary School Portmore

Shimla (H.P)

Appendix-F consent validity for participants vi

Appendix-G Section A&B vii

Appendix-H Answer key viii

Appendix-I Validation of tool for research project ix

Appendix-J List of experts x

Appendix-K Certificate of content validity xi

Appendix-L Informed consent xii

Appendix-M certificate for English xiii

validation

Appendix-N To whomsoever it may concern xiiii

Appendix-O certificate by statistician xv

CHAPTER - 1

1.1INTRODUCTIO N

Background of the study

”Face the failures until the failure fails to face you”

Swami Vivekananda

Health is very important for every individual, And it is also very important to maintain and

restore normal healthy life. Healthy human body contributes to maintain normal mental and

physical activity, where as illness refers to any deviation of the normal physical and mental

health. Period of life illness can occur through many factors such as biological, psychological

and environmental factors which may affect any system of body1

According to WHO "Health is a state of complete, physical, mental and social well being and

not merely an absence of disease or infirmity" Health is very important for every individual,

and it is also very important to maintain and restore normal healthy life. Healthy human body

contributes to maintain normal mental and physical activity, where as illness refers to any

deviation of the normal physical and mental health. Period of life illness can occur through

many factors such as biological, psychological and environmental factors which may affect any

system of body2

The term acne derives from the Greek word 'acme' from the writings of Actius Amidennus, he use this

term "acme" in the sense of skin eruption" and vulgaris indicate the meaning "common" Acne. Vulgaris

or common acne is the most experienced acne among teenagers.3

Acne vulgaris is commonly called as pimples and symptoms include presence of open and

closed comedones, pus pockets, raised red areas of skin, pustular lesions most commonly on

face, neck, back and chest. Apart from these, pain, soreness, itching and scarring may occur

overtime and the condition may worsen before menses due to hormonal changes.4

Acne is common skin disorder of the oil glands when overactive sebaceous (oil) glands

secrete too much oil (sebum) in the skin which leads to the plugged pores and outbreaks of

lesions called Pimples/zits. This is characterized by the recurring formation of blackheads,

white heads and pimples. Acne lesion occurs primarily on the face and sometimes on the

back, shoulders, chest and arms. The incidence of acne is greatest during puberty,

adolescence, and when hormones influencing the secretion of oil glands are at their peak level

of activity such as during stress, emotional problems, menstruation menopause and

exercising.5

Acne affects approximately 95% of the population at some point during their lifetime. This

common disorder can range from mild to severe forms, cause sometimes extensive scarring,

and can last well into the fourth and fifth decades. Effe ctive therapeutic agents are available to

both treat acne and prevent ongoing disease. Despite this, dermatologists frequently see

patients with significant acne scarring because many patients delay seeking medical attention

for acne and many practitioners procrastinate over using effective anti scarring options. In

patients who already demonstrate scarring, repeated courses of antibiotics only result in

recurring acne and additional scarring.

This, in turn, exacerbates the despair and other adverse psychosocial effects of the

disease.Child Health Nursing concerned with the Health of infants, children & Adolescents,

their growth & Development & their opportunity to achieve full potential as adult. Health

problems of children & adolescent are very widely among the nations of the world depending

upon number of factors, like their age, sex, pubertal changes & their life style & habits . These

factors include prevalence and ecology of infections agent and their hosts, climate and

geography, agricultural practices, educational, economic, social & cultural considerate & many

instance give frequencies for some disorders6

Adolescent is a period of transition between childhood and adulthood- a time of rapid physical,

cognitive, social & emotional maturing as the boy prepares for manhood and the girl prepares

for woman hood. The precise boundaries of adolescence are difficult to define, but this period

is customarily viewed as beginning with the gradual appearance of secondary sex

characteristics at about 14 to 19 and ending with 18 to 20 years. 7

The physical changes of puberty are primarily the result of Hormonal activity under the

influence of the central nervous system. The hormonal influences during puberty cause

accelerating in growth & maturation of the skin & its structure appendages. Sebaceous glands

become extremely active at this time. This increased activity and the structural nature of

common problem & puberty: (acne).8

Adolescents are continually comparing themselves with their peers and making Judgements

about their own normality. Pubertal children feel most comfortable when they are just like

their friends and age mates, unfortunately, this is also the time when the hormonal effect of the

sebaceous glands produce acne, which creates problems for many youngsters. To the

adolescent even the most insignificant pimple may be viewed as a gross disfigurement.9

Acne vulgaris is most commonly occurs during adolescence and often continues into adulthood

in adolescence, acne is usually caused by an increase in male sex hormones, which people of

both genders accrue during puberty.10

Although acne is most prevalent in this age group, since acne vulgarism occurs mostly on face,

the impairment of self image & self esteem, clinical depression, social phobia & anxiety

factors have been associated with it. Acne is more prevalent in males than in females. Acne

affects emotional health in both genders. The psychological morbidity is complex among

adolescent. The cause of acne is multifunctional, predisposing factors include heredity;

hormonal contraceptives, androgen stimulates, certain drugs, including corticosteroids, other

possible factors are exposure to Heavy oils, greases, rubbing from light clothing, cosmetics,

emotional stress; and unfavorable climate26 Approximately, one third of all female adolescents

experience an increase in papules or pustules in the week preceding menstrual cycle. Although

Acne is self-limiting, it is a source of persistent embarrassment, disgust and stress for the

adolescent.11

Prevention & appropriate management of acne vulgaris is very important during adolescent

period. Depression is the two to three times more prevalent in acne vulgaris patients than in the

general population. Improvement of the adolescent’s overall health status is part of the general

management adequate rest, moderate exercise, a well balanced diet, reduction of emotional

stress, are part of general health promotion. Gentle cleansing with a mild cleanser once or

twice daily is usually sufficient. Antibacterial soaps, topical agents are use to drying the acne.

Acne on the forehead may improve with brushing, the hair away from the forehead.12

Some form of light therapy were of short terms benefit patients may find it easier to comply

with there treatments, despite the initial discomfort, because of their short duration

Systemic antibiotic therapy is used when moderate to severe acne does not respond to topical

treatments, oral antibiotics are considered safe to use treatment acne 13

Acne vulgaris is a common follicular disorder affecting susceptible hair follicles, most

commonly found on the face, neck and upper trunk. It is nothing but a disorder involving

sebaceous glands and hair follicles. Acne is the result of clogging of sebaceous glands leading

to the formation of pimples and cysts. Acne is the most commonly encountered skin condition

in adolescents and young adults between ages of 12 and 35 years. Both genders are affected

equally, onset is slightly earlier for girls.14

Research has shown that genetic also play a role in Acne Vulgaris besides from scarring, its

main effects are psychological such as reduced self – esteem, depression or suicide. Acne

usually appears during adolescence, when people already tend to the most socially insecure.

Early and aggressive treatment is therefore advocated. They may drop out of schools and

social activities, and even avoid facing people, because they feel Acne has disfigured them.

Thus, acne can stunt a child’s professional and social growth. It affects more than 85% of

teenager to a varying degree.15

Proper skin care can prevent dermatological disease and can enhance the beauty. A good and

healthy skin is always essential for the proper development of all faculties of the individual.18

Nearly, 17 million people in the United States have acne, making it the most common skin

disease. Although, acne is not a serious health threat, severe acne can lead to disfiguring16

Improvement of the adolescents overall health status is part of the general management

adequate rest, moderate exercise, a well balanced diet, reduction of emotional stress, are part of

general health promotion. Gentle cleansing with a mild cleanser once or twice daily is usually

sufficient. Antibacterial soaps, topical agents are use to drying the acne. Acne on the forehead

may improve with brushing, the hair away from the forehead.17

1.2 NEED OF STUDY

Acne vulgaris is the most common skin problem, during adolescence. Acne involves anatomic,

physiologic, biochemical, genetic, immunologic & psychological factors. A useful study of the

incidence showed that Acne affects 95-100% of adolescent boys and 83-95% of adolescent

girls.1 In world wide statistics when we take every year approximately 1 in 16 or 6.25% or 17

million people get affected by acne of people 13-19 years of age18

It is estimated that acne affects 40 to 50 million people in the united states (16%), and

approximately 3 to 5 million in Australia (23%). Acne vulgaris exhibits a worldwide

prevalence of up to 95% among adolescents.19

An article, introduce to Does diet Really affect Acne ? Reported that cow’s milk intake

increased acne prevalence and severity. Furthermore, prospective studies demonstrated a

positive associate b/w a high- glycemic load diet, hormonal mediators and acne risk. The

prevalence of acne in adolescents has been reported as being b/w 35% and 90% depending on

the method of classification, with peak incidence occurring at b/w 14 & 17 years in females

and 16 & 18 years in males.20

Although acne is most prevalent in this age group, since acne vulgarism occurs mostly on face,

the impairment of self image & self esteem, clinical depression; social phobia & anxiety

factors have been associated with it. Acne is more prevalent in males than in females. Acne

affect emotional health in both genders. The psychological morbidity is complex among

adolescent. The cause of acne is multifunctional, Predisposing factors include heredity;

hormonal contraceptives, androgen stimulates, certain drugs, including corticosteroids, other

possible factors are exposure to Heavy oils, greases, rubbing from light clothing, cosmetics,

emotional stress; and unfavorable climate.21

Prevention & appropriate management acne vulgaris is very important during adolescent

period. Depression is the two to three times more prevalent in acne vulgaris patients than in the

general population. Improvement of the adolescent’s overall health status is part of the general

management adequate rest, moderate exercise, a well balanced diet, reduction of emotional

stress, are part of general health promotion. Gentle cleansing with a mild cleanser once or

twice

Seventeen million Americans or 85% of people 12-24 years of age affecting with acne. Whereas,

Canada has least prevalence (2,081,742 million) compared to USA. While Indians are moderately

having acne approximately 66,566,912 million22

Kilkenny M, Merliss K, Plasket S, Marks R ( 1998 ) conducted a study on the prevalence of

common skin conditions in Australian School student; acne vulgaris. They accessed by a

randomized sample of 2491 students (aged 4-18 yrs) throughout the State of Victoria in

Australia. The prevalence rate between the age group of 16-18 was 95% (c 189.6-96-9). This

result shows that acne is a common problem especially adolescents23

Tan, H. H, Tan, A.W, Barkhan T, Yas X.Y, Zbum ( 2007 ) done a community based study of

acne vulgaris among adolescents aged 13-19 years. In this cross sectional study 88% of

teenagers themselves reported as having acne out of 1045 participants.24

Today society has a long standing prejudice against skin disease that need to be dispelled.

Historically, skin disease has been perceived as divine punishment for being spiritually and

physically unclean. Subtle punishment of skin disease still exists because of ignorance, so, it

became as urgent need to provide accessible and accurate health education or structured

teaching programme to change their beliefs and attitudes25

Al-Hoquail, I. A, (2001) revealed a study on knowledge, beliefs and through the help of

questionnaire. This study vehimently pointed out that misconception and false beliefs on acne

are wide spread and enduring among the youth. Health education programme on acne is

needed to improve their understanding of the conditions26

Al Robaee, (2005) as conducted a study on prevalence, knowledge beliefs and psychosocial

impact of acne in university students in central Saudi Arabia. The sample size was 717

students and chi-.square test was used. At last, the researchers found that health education is

necessary to improve their knowledge as well as change their beliefs and misconcepts about

acne27

Even though relevant scientific researches discuss potential effect of acne beyond its

dermatological manifestation. It includes effect on psychiatric health, psychological well

being and quality of life. Acne has been implicated psychiatric and psychological process

more than other dermatological conditions and they report greater level of anxiety and

depression. In spite, feelings of embarrassment, shame, guilt, social phobia can develop

secondary to acne vulgaris.

The University of Western Ontario's Department of psychiatry done a recent study on

depression among 480 patients with dermatological disorders. They found that 5.6% of

patients with non cystic facial acne had suicidal ideation.28

Karaoha C I, Taylor, Gol, Anctor J, et al.( 2004 ) conducted a study on demographic

features, beliefs and socio psychological impact of acne vulgaris among its suffers in two

town in Nigeria. The sample size was 174 facial acne suffers and used a self administered

questionnaire some of them experienced psychological abnormalities included social

inhabitation, depression and anxiety. At last, the researches came to the conclusion that they

need to improve the understanding of the disorder in Nigeria through health education

programme.29

The researcher from experience has observed that many adolescents suffer from acne

vulgaris and association with their compilation . So the purpose of this study is to prevent

the complication thus helping in creating awareness to reduce its incidence among

adolescents to take appropriate measure to reduce acne vulgaris.When assessing acne, is not

just a skin disease but wide spread and socially frustrating conditions. So it is important to

take all embracing approach and examine carefully for both clinical and psychological effect

of the disease process. Moreover people have to know the causes and prevention of acne.

Exact cause of acne often unknown others include family or genetic history hormonal

activity,inflammation, stress hyperactivity of sebaceous glands, any medicines and

chemicals.

.

1.3 PROBLEM STATEMENT

A descriptive study to assess the Knowledge regarding prevention of acne vulgaris among

adolescents at selected govt. Model Girls Senior Secondary School PortMore at Shimla

(H.P.). With the view to develop information booklet.

1.4 OBJECTIVES:

1) To assess the Knowledge regarding prevention of Acne Vulgaris among the adolescents



1.5 HYPOTHESIS

(H1) There will be some knowledge regarding acne vulgaris among the adolescents.

(H2) There will be significant association of knowledge regarding prevention of acne vulgaris

among adolescents with selected demographic variables.

1.6 OPERATIONAL DEFINITIONS

Knowledge: It refers to the level of understanding and awareness of adolescents regarding

prevention of acne vulgaris assessed by structured questionnaires

Acne vulgaris: It refers to a common inflammatory disorder of the sebaceous glands. It

involves, anatomic, physiologic, biochemical genetic, immunological & psychologic factors. It

characterized by inflammatory papules, pustules, nodules and cyst. etc.

Adolescence :Adolescents are the persion in transitional phase of growth and development

between childhood and adulthood persons.

1.7 CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

Burns and grove (2003) State that “strategy for expressing a framework of a study that

diagrammatically shows the interrelation of concepts and statement.” Conceptualization

provides a frame of references for research , education and practice. It directs research by

pointing out solution to a practical problem.30

According to POLIT and HUNGLER (1999), Conceptual framework represents a less

formal and well developed attempt at organization of phenomenon than theory and deal with

abstractions that are assemble by virtue of their relevance in the common theme.31

The purpose of conceptual framework is to provide logical , coherent structure through which

phenomenon of concern can be understood and discussed . It provides broad perspectives for

nursing practice , research and education . Conceptual framework plays several interrelated

roles in the progress of science. Their overall purpose to is make science feeding meaningful

and generalizable.

The conceptual framework for the present study was developed by using the concepts from

Becker’s Health Belief Model. The Health belief model was developed by Irwin M. Rosen

stock in 1966 and was furthered by Becker and colleagues in the 1970s and 1980s. The Health

Belief Model is an intrapersonal theory (within the individual, knowledge and beliefs) used in

health promotion to design, intervention and prevention programs. In the current study, the

investigator has aimed to assess the knowledge ofGovt. Senior . Secondary School among

adolescent students.

The Health Belief Model assumes that behavior change occurs with the existence of following

three components at the same time:

1. Individual perceptions

2. Modifying factors

3. Likelihood of action

CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

A Descriptive Study th

Conceptual Framework based on Maiman and Becker’s Health Belief Model(1978)

Modifying factors Likelihood of factorsIndividual perception

Socio demographic variables:- Age, sex, educational status, source of information, type of family, income etc.

Preventive actions

Update with new knowledge

Minimization of cases of Acne valgaris Develop positive attitudeCues to action

Information booklet Previous knowledge Previous experience

Knowledge of adolescents regarding acne vulgaris

Perceived threat

Less knowledge regarding acne vulgaris.

Percieved Barriers vs benefits

Perceived barriers:-Lack of concern, lack of knowledge, lack of time.

Perceived benefits:- Adequate knowledge, prevention of acne vulgaris neglect, awareness in

1.8 DELIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY

The study was delimited to:

Adolescents

Adolescent who were willing to participate

1.9 ASSUMPTIONS

The study assumes that:

Adolescents are aware regarding prevention of acne vulgaris

Various factors like age and gender may influence to maintain prevention of acne

vulgaris among adolescents

1.10 SUMMARYThis chapter dealt with background of the study, need of the study, statement of problem ,

objectives , hypothesis , operational definitions conceptual framework , delimitation and

assumption

1.11 ORGANIOZATION OF THE REPORTThe report of the study is organized in five chapter :

Chapter 1:This chapter dealt with the background of the study ,need of the study , statement of

problem , objectives of the study , hypothesis , operational definition , conceptual framework ,

and delimitation .

Chapter11: This chapter presents the related literature of review , a brief summary of the

research and non research literature .

Chapter 111: This chapter deals with the methodology of the study , which includes

research approach and design , setting of the study , population , sample and sampling

technique , description of tool ,its validity , try –out , reliability , pilot study , procedure for

data collection and plan for data analysis.

Chapter IV: It present the analysis band interpretation of the data , major findings of the study

, discussion and summary .

Chapter V: This chapter presents the summary of the findings , conclusions , implications,

limitations and gives recommendation.

The fifth chapter is followed by a list of references and abstract.

2.CHAPTER -II

REVIEW OF LITERATURE:

Al-Natour (2017) conducted a study on perceptions and beliefs of Saudi youth about acne.

Three hundred twenty nine male students (aged 13–19 years) from 6 secondary schools in the

eastern Saudi Arabia completed a self-reported questionnaire on knowledge about causation and

exacerbating and relieving factors of acne. Over half (58.9%) of the participants considered acne

as a transient condition not requiring therapy. Only 13.1% knew that the proper treatment of

could take a long time, even several years. Over half (52%) thought acne could be treated with

only one or a few visits to the doctor. Popular sources of information were television or radio

(47.7%), friends (45.6%), and the internet (38%). Only 23.4% indicated school as a source of

knowledge. Factors that participants thought caused acne included scratching (88.5%) and

squeezing (82.1%) of pimples, poor hygiene (83.9%), poor dietary habits (71.5%), and stress

(54.1%). Ameliorating factors reported included frequent washing of the face (52.9%), exercise

(41.1%), sunbathing (24.1%), and drinking of mineral water (21%). The author concluded that

misconceptions about acne are widespread among Saudi youth and should be addressed by a

health education program. 30

Su et al .(2015) conducted a study to found that the most common foods people thought were

associated with acne were spicy or fried foods, whereas not many thought chocolate was a cause

of acne. The majority of male students (62.5%) had poor knowledge about acne. Age, social

status, living area of school were not significantly associated with the participants’ level of

knowledge. 31

E Bagatin – (2010) conducted a study on prevalence of acne vulgaris. in students with Down

syncope. The article subjected to background of acne vulgaris exhibits a world wide prevalence

of up to 95% among adolescence. A cross sectional study including 89 subjects aged between

10-18 years to verify acne vulgaris. The article concludes that A low prevalence of Acne in down

syndrome, a predominance in males aged 13-19 and a facial comedonal are detect 32

M. Ramos-e-silva- (2009) conducted study on assess of acne vulgaris. among adolescence.

He conducted on the basis of organism that causes acne vulgaris among adolescence. It shows

that unlike organisms, psychological squeals & Hormonal factors also incorporates the

morbidity in mid adolescence. On average adolescence get 8 to 15 bacterial infection per year33

G-Labiris-(2009) conducted a study on Association between ISO tretinion use and central

retinal vein occlusion in an adolescents. The study conducted on background of currently

unknown pathogenesis with the objectives to Determine whether cow-glycemic-load-diet

improves a lesion. The study conducted on 143 male having acne vulgaris aged between 13-19

years. The study conclude that, the Improvement in acne and insulin sensitivity after a low-

glycemic load diet play a role in the pathogenesis of acne34.

Josephine Mbuagbaw (2007) conducted a study to assess knowledge of reducing acne vulgaris.

among adolescents in secondary schools at Cameroon. To prepare the questionnaires over 100

adolescent students aged between 13-19 years. This study result indicate that knowledge of the

students of adolescents play an important role in reducing acne vulgaris in adolescents who

attended structure questionnaires knowledge.35

Smithard A (2007) conducted a study to determine the knowledge on educational material in

improving the knowledge about acne vulgaris and psychological morbidity in mind adolescents.

The study conducted on 317 students aged 13-19 participated from a comprehensive school in

Nottingham. The study finding reveal that knowledge effect was amenable to a school based

questionaaires knowledge and education have a considerable impact on emotional health in this

age group36

WU Tq- 2007 conducted a study on prevalence and risk factors of acne vulgaris among

Chinese adolescents. The study finding suggests that the gender, age, diet, skin type, sleeping

habits, & facial makeup are risk factors of severe a lession, among adolescent. There for

improving adolescent education could have significant effect on preventing acne vulgaris

among adolescents37

Xu S.X , Wang H.L , Fan X. et al. (2007) conducted a study on the familial risk of acne

vulgaris in Chinese Hans ethnic group. It was a case controlled study and he include

volunteers of 975 acne cases and 580 controls. The final result said that the risk of acne

vulgaris occurring in a relative of students of acne vulgaris was significantly greater than for

the relative of an unaffected individual ratio 4.05, 95% confidence interval.38

Huba A.T, Zawar, V, Wong, W.C.W, Lee, A. (2007) conducted a study on the association

of smoking and acne in men in Hong Kong and India. The setting was 3 primary care practices

in Hong Kong and 1 primary care practice in India and used a retrospective case control study.

They collected a data from 632 records of students with acne seen in the previous five years

and they concluded that smoking is likely to bear a positive correlation with acne for men.39

Wu T.Q, Mei S.Q, Zhing J.X et al.(2007) conducted a study on the prevalence and risk

factors of facial acne vulgaris among Chinese adolescents. The sample size was 3163

students between the age of 10 to 18 years from 7 schools and used self administered

questionnaire and physician examinations. At last they found that significant risk factors of

acne vulgaris included age, skin type, insufficient sleep and cosmetic make up use.40

A cross sectional study was conducted (2007) conducted a study on acne and related

psychological health among 600 participants of high school students and the questionnaires

consisted of General Health Questionnaire [GHQ] and Rosenberg Self-Esteem scale [RSES].

Finally they found the factors implicating the causes for acne were food, bad skin hygiene and

hormones in increasing frequency.41

Parker Magin, Dimity Pond, Wayne Smith, Alan Watson et al ( 2007) conducted a study

on a systematic review of the evidence for 'myths' and 'misconceptions' in acne management is

diet, face washing and sunlight. Original studies were done by the searchers of the Medline

EMBASE, Amed, CINAHL, Cohrane and DARE data base. The result had shown little

evidence exists for the efficacy or lack of efficacy for dietary factors, face washing and

sunlight exposure in the management of acne.41

Gil Yosipovitch, M. D et al.( 2007 ) conducted a study among the secondary school students

in Singapore with the age of 14-19 years to understand the interplay between the factors that

exacerbate acne and he used a 14 item, self questionnaire, and perceived stress . And 92%of

the girls and 95% of the boys reported having acne. Finally he suggests that acne severity and

stress has an association.42

J.L. Burton (2006) conducted a study on the prevalence of acne vulgaris in adolescence. The

study conducted on the background of the acne vulgaris. is highly prevalent among young

children and adolescence. The cohort study conducted of 1555 school children aged 8-18 and

graded to the presence and severity of acne lesions. The study concludes that the incidence is

more than 60% of acne vulgaris infection among young adults43

J. Lello- (2006) conducted a study on prevalence of severity of acne vulgaris in Auckland senior

high school students. The study conducted 867 students having acne vulgaris. The finding says

that for the children than 18 years reported the incidents of 91% of acne vulgaris lesion was

found for all children attending interviewed on the subject of acne valgaris44

ENGW CHEW-(2006) conducted a study on incidence of acne vulgaris in students with in

acne.The co-host study conducted on the basis of security of the acne according to the form of

Treatment required. The statistical power of this study concluded that the incidence of acne

vulgaris, in teenage years students with a history of acne vulgaris compared to their peers45

Webster GF ( 2006) conducted a study on safety and efficacy of Tretin-X compared with

Retin-A in students with mild to severe Acne vulgaris. Webster used double-blind, three-

treatment and parallel group studies randomly assigned 1642 adolescents and adults 13 to 14

years of age. Finally the study concluded that Tretin-X and Retin-A behave similarly in

students with mild to severe acne both treatment were well tolerated.46

Gravelink JM, White VR (2006) conducted a study on Concurrent use of laser skin

resurfacing and punch excision in the treatment of facial acne scarring. The sample size was

100 students with skin type’s I-III with mild to severe acne scarring and photographs were

taken for each stage. Finally they had seen a range of clinical improvement in students with

facial acne scarring by the use of laser skin resurfacing with the concurrent use of Punch

excision.47

Krejci-Manwaring, et al. (2006) conducted an American survey of 479 students between the

age of 13and 19 and found that acne severity was significantly associated with poor social

interactions and lower quality of life.48

Dr. Lit-Hung Leung, (2005) conducted a Hong Kong physician study on pantothenic acid in

the treatment of acne vulgaris among the adolescent aged 13-19 years. A study of pantothenic

acid for prevention of Acne Vulgaris in 100 students of Chinese had been given a large 10 gram

dose orally with a 20% topical cream of pantothenic acid to treat acne. The study suggests that

there is a substantial evidence to support the use of pantothenic acid (10 grams show

improvement). They concluded that adapalene gel 0.1% is a safe and effective topical agent and it can be

used as the combination of topical and oral anti acne agents.49

Al Robaee, A.A,(2005) conducted a study on prevalence, knowledge, beliefs, psychosocial

impact of acne in university students in Central Saudi Arabia. The sample size was 100 students

and use Chi-square test. To conclude Acne is a common skin disease among Qassim university

students and need health education to encourage people to seek medical help.50

3.Studies related to the Management of acne Rustom Tehrani (2004) conducted a study on the management of acne with Cox –2 inhibitors

in the dermatology department of tertiary care hospital in Karnataka. The sample size was 100

students with premenstrual acne and used Refecoxib [ a cox-2 inhibitor or Placebo] for ten days

for 2 cycles and determined that refecoxib was more effective than placebo.51

Sanjana P.H (2003) conducted a study on post marketing surveillance study to assess the

safety and efficacy of Aadapalene gel 0.1%[adaferin] in acne vulgaris. The sample size was 100

students from 5 centers across India and used multicentre, open label, non comparative study

for twelve weeks between January and Septembe (2002). At the ends of therapy 96.3% of

patients (adolescent) prevention of acne vulgaris episodes or decreasing their severity in young

adolescents.52

Jemec GB, Linnerberg A, Nielson N.H et al (2002 ) conducted a study on "Have oral

contraceptive reduced the prevalence of acne?" a population based study of acne vulgaris,

tobacco smoking and oral contraceptives among Danish adolescents and used a random

sample of 186 population of 13 to 19 years old. To summarize they proved that the use of oral

contraceptive was associated with significantly lower prevalence of acne while the use of

tobacco and smoking was not significantly associated with acne.53

Ws. Madden-(2000) conducted a study on Treatment of Ache Vulgaris and effect of

Isotretinoin in prevention of Scarring, says that although we currently have a number of

effective anti -acne agents to control the disease but Isotretinoin is the best treatment among

them. Thus the study conclude that, Isotretinoin is the only agent that has been shown to induce

long term drug free remission and curative acne54 .

SUIMMARY

This chapter dealt with the review of literature related to the present study . The literature

reviewed enabled investigator to broaden her understanding related to the prevention of acne

vulgaris .

From the reviewed literature the investigator could not locate any study in India regarding

prevention of acne among the adolescents.

The review of literature also enabled the investigator to establish the need for the study, develop

the conceptual framework , adopt the research design , develop tool and decide the plan of data

analysis.

3. CHAPTER - III

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Research methodology is a way to systematically solve the problem .It is a science of study

how a research is done scientifically . It explains the steps that are generally adopted by the

researcher in studying the research problem along with logic behind it.

This chapter dealt with the brief description of research methodology adopted to assess the

knowledge regarding prevention of acne vulgaris among the adolescents at selected Govt. Model

Girls Senior Secondary School Portmore at Shimla, with the view to develop information

booklet. The content include in this chapter are description of research approach ,research

design , variable under study, the setting, population , the sample and sampling

technique ,Development and description of tool, Data collection procedure , Pilot study ,Ethical

consideration and plan for data analysis .

The present study was carried out to assess the knowledge regarding prevention of acne

vulgaris among the adolescents at selected senior secondary school at Shimla with the veiew to

develop information booklet.

3.1 RESEARCH APPROACH

A research approach tells the researcher as to what data to collect and how to analyze. It is

overall plan chosen to carry out the study . It also suggests the possible conclusion to be drawn

from the data.

In view of nature of the problem and to accomplish objectives of present study “ survey

approach ”was consider to be most suitable . The aim of the descriptive research are to

uncover new facts about the situation under study.

According to Polit and Beck ( 2008) the purpose of Survey study is to observe , describe

and document aspects of a situation as it naturally occurs and some time to serve as the starting

point for hypothesis generation or theory development.

In the present study the investigation was interested to assess the knowledge regarding

prevention of acne vulgaris among adolescents by the structured knowledge questionnaire and

hence the survey approach was appropriate for the study.55

3.2 RESEARCH DESIGN

A research design is a plan of how, when and where data to be collected and analyzed. Research

design is the researchers overall plan for answering the research question. The rsearch design

selected for this study was “Non experimental descriptive research design ” Descriptive

research is the act of description of the study to assess the knowledge regarding prevention of

acne vulgaris among adolescents with the view of information booklet.In the present study the

investigator was interested to assess the knowledge regarding prevention of acne vulgaris

among the adolescents taken by the questionnaires in school

3.3 VARIABLE UNDER STUDY

“A variable is as the name implies something that varies. A variable is quantity of an

organization, Group or situation that takes different values” as stated by Polit and Beck

(2008)56

INDEPENDENT VARIABLES

Burns and grove ( 2003) states that , variables are qualities properties or characteristics of

person ,things or situations that change or vary and are manipulated or measured in research .31

The independent variable is the condition or characteristics that the experimenter manipulates or

controls in his or her attempt to ascertain its relationship to observed phenomenon.57

In the present study, the independent variables is structured knowledge questionnaire regarding

prevention of acne vulgaris among adolescents.

DEPENDENT VARIABLE The dependent variable is the condition or characterstics that

appear , disappear , or change as the experimenter introduces, removes or change independent

variablesThe dependent variable in the present study are the knowledge about acne vulgaris from

information booklet

. 3.4 SETTING OF THE STUDY

According to Polit and Beck( 2008) “The researcher needs to decide where the

intervention will be implemented and where the data will be collected” Setting is the physical

condition in which data collection takes place in the study . The selection of an approach setting

is important because the setting can influence the way people behave, feel and how they

respond.58

According to Burns and grove (2003) “Setting is the location for conducted research , can

be natural , partially controlled, or highly controlled.59

The present study was conducted at selected Govt. Model Girls Senior Secondary school

Portmore at Shimla. (H. P.) . It is situated in the shimla hills and conducted the study on 100

students .There are above 900 strength in the school from the 1st standard to 12th standard classes

are at present there .

3.5 TARGET POPULATION:

According to Polit and Hungler (1999) population is described as the entire set of

individuals having some common characteristics.60

Burns and Grove (2003) states that, “population includes all the elements (individuals,

objects, events or substance) that meet the sample criteria for inclusion in a syudy , sometimes

referred to as a target population.61

.The target population for the present study are adolescents at selected Govt. girls Model

Senior Secondary School PortMore at shimla .

3.6 SAMPLE AND SAMPLING TECHNIQUE

Acoording to Polit and Hungler (1990) a sample is a subset of a population selected to

participate in a research study.62

The sample of the study was school students in selected Govt Model Girls Senior Sc. Schools

in Portmore at Shimla Himachal Pradesh.

According to Polit and Hungler ( 1991 ) Convenience sampling is a type of non

probability sampling method in which researcher choose readily people or subject for the study

convenience sampling method was adopted for selecting the sample for study63

INCLUSION CRITERIA FOR SELECTION OF SAMPLE : Adolescents of selected Govt. Model Girls senior secondary school Portmore at shimla.

and female students only.

Adolescents , who were willing to participate in the study .

Adolescents who were available during the study.

Students between13 to 19 years of age.

EXCLUSION CRITERIA

1 Adolescents who were not willing to participate in the study.

2 The adolescents who are not able to read and understand English

3 Adolescents who were not interested in the study.

SAMPLE SIZE:

100 adolescents of selected Govt. Model Girls senior secondary school Portmore at

Shimla( H.P.)

3.7 DATA COLLECTION TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES: Data collection tools are the device that a researcher uses to collect the data . A

search for literature was made for the purpose of locating appropriate tool.

According to polit and hungler (1990 ) Data is the subset of information

obtained in the course of study . The most important aspects of any investigation

are the collection of appropriate information which will provide necessary data to

answer the question raised in the study.64

Burns and Grove ( 2003 ) states that “ data collection is the identification of

subjects and précise ,systematic gathering of information relevant to the research

purpose or the specific objectives , question or the hypothesis of a study.65.

The aim of present study is to assess the knowledge for prevention of acne vulgaris

among the adolescents at Govt Model Girl Senior Secondary Schools Portmoreat

Shimla.

A structure knowledge questionnaire to assess the knowledge of prevention of acne

vulgaris among the adolescents . The data collection technique used for assessing the

knowledge was paper and pencil technique .

3.8 DESCRIPTION OF TOOL:

The tool for the study was selected after review of literature related to assess the

knowledge prevention of acne vulgaris among the adolescents senior secondary school

Portmore shimla .

The tool consist of : There are two section :

SECTION A: It comprises of item on demography variables include age .sex ,

academic qualification ,class, family income , previous knowledge . source of

knowledge regarding topic .Annexure-ISECTION B: Structure knowledge questionnaire consist of knowledge item . Each item was multiple choice in nature with four option .ANNEXURE-11

TRY OUT THE TOOL

After obtaining the administrative approval, tool was tried out on 100 students in senioer

secondary school Portmore at ,shimla. The subject chosen were similar in characteristics to

those of the population under the study the check to the item for clarity, feasibility and

practicability taken from the student through the questionnaires from each sample . the

measurement of the study was taken by the student 0 to 30 minutes measurement of the by using

questionnaires . The tool was found feasible for conduct of the study.

3.9 RELIABILITYOF THE TOOL

The reliability of measuring instrument is a major criterion for assessing its quality and

adequacy.

According to Polit and Beck (2008 ) the reliability of an instrument is the degree of

consistency with which it measure the attribute it is supposed to be measuring.67

Inter – observe reliability was calculated to check internal consistency by split half method is

found 0.83 for questionnaires structured knowledge by the adolescents 59

3.10 PILOT STUDY

Pilot study often involve in small scale of the entire study , testing not only the instruments but

also the sampling plan , the intervention , the study procedures and so on Polit and Beck

( 2008).66

Pilot study was conducted in senior secondary school Mashobra 31 st may 2018. After

obtaining permission form concerned administrative authorities i.e. Principal of the school . The

purpose of the pilot study was assess the knowledge regarding prevention of acne vulgaris

through the questionnaires among the adolescents to find out to be reliable for the purpose of

the study.

The feasibility of the study and and to decide on the plan of statistical analysis . A sample of 10

students selected in the senior secondary school Mashobra. Using convenient sampling

technique . After selected subject were informed and assured for confidentially . Consent

students who were willing to participate in the study was also taken . The study was taken by

the students were documented in the record sheet . The tool was found that the average time

taken for data collection from each sample was 20 to 40 minutes . The tool was found

feasible to conduct the study and certain measure were found to be effective . The plan for

statistical analysis was also determined .

3.11 ETHICAL CONSIDERATION:

Ethical approval was from the institutional ethical committee for conducted the pilot study as

well as the final study. ( Annexure –A) .Consent form was prepared for the study subjects

regarding their willingness to participate in the research project . –(Annexure –H) Written consent was taken from students before data collection and the purpose for carrying

out research project was explained to the participants . Confidentiality of the information was

maintained . It was also ensured that the study did not affect the routine knowledge of the

students.

3.12 PROCEDURE FOR DATA COLLECTION:

Final study conducted in senior secondary school Portmore from 31st may 2018 to june

2018 . Administrative approval was obtained from principal of S.N.G.N.C. IGMC,

SHIMLA ,( H.P.) To conduct the study in Govt. senior secondary school Portmore.

The staff of respective school were informed to ensure their cooperation during data

collection . To obtained cooperation of the students the purpose of the study explained

and consent of participants in the study were taken from the students. A sample of

100 students were selected using convenient sampling technique .The time

management of 30 minutes gave to the students. They gave us their valuable answer

the question of my study. The data was presented in the master data sheet.

( Annexure- K )

3.13 PLAN FOR DATA ANALYSIS

Description and inferential statistics were planned to be used to analyze the obtained data as

shown below :

Frequency and percentage distribution of sample characteristics.

Mean , Median and standard deviation of the prevention of acne vulgaris among adolescents in

senior secondary school Portmore at shimla.

Mean difference, standard deviation of difference, standard deviation error of mean

difference of questionnaires

Mean Median and standard deviation prevention of acne vulgaris among adolescent.

Split half method the association to prevention of acne vulgaris among the adolescent in senior

secondary School Shimla.

Chi square showing the association of knowledge of prevention of acne vulgaris among

adolescents through structured knowledge questionnaires with selected variables.

3.14 Summary

This chapter dealt with the methodology adopted for study . It included research approach,

research design, variables under the study , setting of the study , population sample and

sampling technique , data collection too and technique , development and description of tool

ethical consideration , procedure for data collection , plan for data analysis .

Schematic Diagram of Methodology of Study

QUANTATIVE RESEARCH APPROACH

RESEARCH APPOROACH

RESEARCH DESIGN

NON-EXPERIMENTAL DESCRIPTIVE RESEARCH DESIGN

RESEARCH SETTING

TARGET POPULATION

Govt.Model Girls SENOIR SECONDARY SCHOOL PORTMORE AT SHIMLA.

ADOLESCENTS OF GOVT.MODEL GIRLS SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL

PORTMORE AT SHIMLA.

SAMPLING TECHNIQUE

SAMPLING SIZE

100 ADOLESCENTS OF GOVT. MODEL GIRLS SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL PORTMORE AT SHIMLA (H.P.).

SECTION-A

DEMOGRAPHIC VARIABLES

CONVENIENT SAMPLING TECHNIQUE

DATA COLLECTION TOOL

SECTION-B STRUCTURED

KNOWLEDGE QUESTIONNARE

PLAN OF ANALYSISBY USING DESCRIPTIVE AND INFERENTIAL STATISTICS

CHAPTER-IV

DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF RESULTS

This chapter presents the analysis and interpretation of data collected to assess the knowledge

regarding prevention of acne vulgaris among the adolescents at selected Girls Model Senior

Secondary School Portmore at Shimla, (H.P.) with the view to develop information booklet.

According to Polit and Hungler ( 1999) analysis is a method of organizing data in such a way

that research question can be answered . It includes statistics procedure , which enable the

researcher to reduce, summarize, organize , evaluate, interpret and communicate numerical

information .67

Analysis and interpretation of data were based on the objectives of the study and hypotheses to

be tested.

4.1 The objectives of the study were:

1. To assess the knowledge regarding prevention of Acne Vulgaris among

adolescents.

2. To determine the association of knowledge with selected demographic variables.

3. To develop an information booklet.

4.2 ORGANISATION AND PRESENTATION OF DATA

Section 1: Finding related to sample characteristics

Section 11: Finding related to the knowledge regarding prevention of acne vulgaris among

the adolescents Govt. Mode Girls Senior Secondary School Portmore at Shimla, (H.P.)

Section 111: Finding related to association between the knowledge regarding prevention of

acne vulgaris among the adolescents Govt. Model Girls Senior Secondary School at Shimla,

(H.P.) with their selected socio demographic variables.

SECTION 1: FINDINGS RELATDE TO DISCRIPTION OF SAMPLE

CHARATERSTICS.

This section describes the characteristics of the adolescents under study . The sample

characteristics are described in terms of age , gender, religion , education status, marital

status , occupation and total family income per month. Frequency and percentage were

computed for describing the sample characteristics. These finding are presented in table 2.

SECTION 1: DISTRIBUTION OF SELECTED SOCIO DEMOGRAPHIC VARIABLE

TABLE NO 1.1Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Adolescents According to Age,

Gender, Religion , Educational Status , Marital Status , Occupation

and Total Family Income per Month. N=100

Variables Opts Frequency(f) Percentage(%)

AGE 13-14 Years 2 2%15-16Years 86 86%17-18 Years 12 12%19-20 Years 0 0%

GENDER Male 0 0%Female 100 100%

RELIGION Hindu 97 97%

Muslim 2 2%

Christian 0 0%Others 1 1%

RESIDENCE Rural 36 36%Urban 64 64%

CLASS 10th 8 8%11th 86 86%12th 6 6%

FAMILY INCOME 1000-5000 22 22%5001-10000 26 26%10001-15000 15 15%15001 & above 37 37%

DIETRY HABIT Vegetarian 80 80%Non-vegetarian. 16 16%Others 4 4%

PREVIOUS KNOWLWDGE

Yes 61 61%No 24 24%To Some Extent 15 15%

SOURCE OF INFORMATION

Family 32 32%Friends 28 28%Mass Media 24 24%Others 16 16%

Data presented in Table 1 revealed that maximum number of adolescents 86% were in the age

group of 15-16 years , followed by 12%were under age group of 17-18 years and the 2%were

under the age group of 13-14 years but none of them were under the age group of 19-20 years

(Fig -3).

All the adolescents were Females that is 100% (Fig - 4)

Majority of adolescents 97% were Hindu, followed by 2% were muslim and the least 1%

were others but none of them were christian (Fig - 5).

Majority of the adolescents 64% were to urban residence and 36% were to rural residence

( Fig - 6).

Majority of the adolescents 86% were studying in 11th class, followed by 8% were to 10th

class and the least 6% were to 12th class (Fig - 7).

Majority of the adolescents had 37% family income of 15001 or above, followed by 26%

belonged to family income between 5001-10000, followed by 22% belonged to family income

between 1000-5000 and the least 15% belonged to family income between 10001-15000

(Fig- 8).

Majority of the adolescents 80% were vegetarian, followed by 20% were non-vegetarian.

( Fig- 9).

Majority of the adolescents 61% had some previous knowledge, followed by 24% didn’t

had any previous knowledge and the least 15% had some knowledge regarding prevention of

acne vulgaris ( Fig - 10).

Majority of the adolescents 32% had family, followed by 28% had friends, followed by

24% had mass media and the least 16% had others as source of information regarding

prevention of acne vulgaris ( Fig- 11).

13-14 Years 15-16Years 17-18 Years 19-20 YearsAGE

2%

86%

12%

0%

Demographic variable

Figure 4.3: Bar Diagram showing percentage distribution of

Adolescents according to their age

Male FemaleGENDER

0.00.10.20.30.40.50.60.70.80.91.0

0%

100%Demographic Variables

Freq

uenc

y

Figure 4.4: Bar Diagram showing Percentage distribution of

adolescents according to gender

Hindu Muslim Christian OthersRELIGION

0.0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

1.097%

2% 0% 1%

Demographic VariablesFr

eque

ncy

Figure 4.5: Bar Diagram showing Percentage distribution of adolescents

According to their religion

Figure 4.6: Bar Diagram showing percentage distribution of adolescents

according to their residing area

Rural Urban0.0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

36%

64%

Demographic Variables

Freq

uenc

y

10th 11th 12thCLASS

0.0

0.10.2

0.3

0.40.5

0.6

0.70.8

0.9

8%

86%

6%Freq

uenc

y

Figure 4.7: Bar Diagram showing Percentage distribution of adolescents according to their class

1000-5000 5001-10000 10001-15000 15001 & aboveFAMILY INCOME

0.0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

22%26%

15%

37%Demographic Variables

Freq

uenc

y

Figure 4.8: Bar Diagram showing Percentage distribution of adolescents according to their family income

Vegetarian Non-vegetarian. OthersDIETRY HABIT

0.0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

80%

16%

4%


eque

ncy

Figure 4. 9: Bar Diagram percentage distribution of adolescents according to their dietary habit

Yes No To Some ExtentPREVIOUS KNOWLWDGE

0.0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7 61%

24%

15%

Demographic Variables

Freq

uenc

y

Figure 4.10: Bar Diagram showing Percentage distribution of adolescents according to their previous knowledge

Family Friends Mass Media OthersSOURCE OF INFORMATION

0.0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

32%

27%24%

16%


eque

ncy

Figure 4.11: Bar Diagram showing percentage distribution of adolescents according to their source of information

SECTION 11: ASSESSMENT OF THE KNOWLEDGE REGARDING PREVENTION OF ACNE VULGARIS AMONG THE ADOLESCENT AT GOVT. MODEL GIRLS SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL PORTMORE AT SHIMLA, (H.P.)

TABLE NO 4.2

Frequency and percentage distribution of the knowledge regarding prevention of acne

vulgaris among the adolescent at Govt. Model Girls Senior Secondary School Portmore

at Shimla, ( H.P.)

N=100

Level of knowledge Frequency Percentage

Good knowledge 7 7

Average knowledge 90 90

Poor knowledge 3 3

Maximum Score =30 Minimum

Score=0

Table. No.2 shows the knowledge score regarding prevention of acne vulgaris among the adolescent at Govt. Model Girls Senior Secondary School Portmore in Shimla, (H.P.), where majority of adolescent’s knowledge score 90% was average, followed by 7% was good and 3% was poor ( Fig - 12).

Good Knowledge.(21-30)

Average Knowledge.(11-20)

Poor Knowledge.(0-10)0.0

10.0

20.0

30.0

40.0

50.0

60.0

70.0

80.0

90.0

7.0

90.0

3.0

Figure 4.12: Bar Diagram showing Percentage distribution of the

knowledge regarding prevention of acne vulgaris among the adolescents at

Govt. Model Girls Senior Secondary School Portmore, Shimla, (H.P.)

SECTION 11.1: FINDINGS RELATED TO ASSOCIATION BETWEEN THE KNOWLEDGE REGARDING PREVENTION OF ACNE

VULGARIS AMONG THE ADOLESCENTS AT GOVT. MODEL GIRLS SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL IN SHIMLA ( H.P.) WITH THEIR SELECTED SOCIO DEMOGRAPHY VARIABLE

TABLE NO 4.3

Descriptive statistics of the knowledge regarding prevention of acne vulgaris among the

adolescents at Govt. Model Girls Senior Secondary School portmore in Shimla, (H.P.)

N

=100

Descriptive Statistics Mean Media

n SD Maximum

Minimum Range Mean

%KNOWLEDGE Score 16.01 17 3.06 22 9 13 53.37

Maximum Score= 30minimum score=0

Table No. 3 showed the descriptive statistics of the knowledge prevention of acne vulgaris among the adolescents at Govt.Model Girls Senior Secondary School Portmore at Shimla, (H.P.), where the mean was 16.01, median was 17, standard deviation was 3.06, maximum score was 22, minimum score was 9, range of score was 13 and mean percentage was 53.37% (refer fig no. 13, 14, 15 & 16).

Mean Median S.D. Maximum Minimum Range0.00

5.00

10.00

15.00

20.00

25.00

16.01 17

3.057

22

9

13

Descriptive Statstics

KNOWLEDGE Score

FIGURE 4.13: Descriptive statistics of the knowledge regarding prevention of acne vulgaris among adolescents at Govt. Model girls Senior

Secondary School Portmore in Shimla,( H.P

53.3746.63

Mean % ScoreMean % .

FIGURE 4.14: Pie Diagram showing descriptive statistics of the knowledge regarding prevention of acne vulgaris among adolescents at Govt. Model

Girls Senior Secondary School Portmore in Shimla (H.P.)

TABLE NO 4.4

Findings related to association between the knowledge regarding prevention of acne vulgaris among the adolescent at Govt. Model Girls Senior Secondary School Portmore in Shimla, (H.P.) with their selected socio demographic variables N=100

Demographic Data Levels (N=100) Association with KNOWLEDGE Score

Variables Opts Good Average Poor Chi

Test

P Valu

eDf Table

Value Result

AGE 13-14 Years 0 2 0

0.687 0.953 4 9.488 Not Significant

15-16Years 6 77 317-18 Years 1 11 019-20 Years 0 0 0

GENDER Male 0 0 0NA

Female 7 90 3RELIGION Hindu 7 87 3


Muslim 0 2 0Christian 0 0 0Others 0 1 0

RESIDENCE Rural 5 28 310.080 0.006 2 5.991 Significant

Urban 2 62 0CLASS 10th 1 7 0

1.328 0.857 4 9.488 Not Significant11th 6 77 3

12th 0 6 0FAMILY INCOME

1000-5000 3 19 0

7.209 0.302 6 12.592 Not Significant

5001-10000 1 25 010001-15000 1 14 015001 & above 2 32 3

DIETRY HABIT Vegetarian 6 72 2


Non-vegetarian. 1 14 1

Others 0 4 0PREVIOUS KNOWLWDGE

Yes 2 56 3


No 2 22 0To Some Extent 3 12 0

SOURCE OF INFORMATION

Family 2 30 0

7.778 0.255 6 12.592 Not Significant

Friends 3 24 0Mass Media 1 22 1Others 1 13 2

Table No. 5 shows that in adolescents, Age of adolescents and knowledge regarding prevention

of acne vulgaris among the adolescents at Govt. Model Girls Senior Secondary School

Portmore in Shimla, (H.P.) has non-significant association. The calculated value of chi-square

is (0.687) which is less than the tabled value (9.488) at 0.05% level of significance, with (4df).

Hence, we can conclude that age of adolescents and knowledge regarding prevention of acne

vulgaris among the adolescents at selected Govt. model Girls Senior Secondary School

Portmore at Shimla, (H.P.) are non-significantly associated with each other.

As per religion of adolescents and knowledge regarding prevention of acne vulgaris among the

adolescents at Govt. Model Girls Senior Secondary School Portmore in Shimla, (H.P.) has

non-significant association. The calculated value of chi-square is (0.344) which is less than the

tabled value (9.488) at 0.05% level of significance, with (4df). Hence, we can conclude that

religion of adolescents and knowledge regarding prevention of acne vulgaris among the

adolescent at Govt. model Girls Senior Secondary School portmore in Shimla, (H.P.) are non-

significantly associated with each other.

As per residence of adolescents and knowledge regarding prevention of acne vulgaris among

the adolescents at Govt Model Girls Senior Secondary School Portmore in Shimla, (H.P.) has

significant association. The calculated value of chi-square is (10.080) which is more than the


residence of adolescents and knowledge regarding prevention of acne vulgaris among the

adolescents at Govt.Model Girls Senior Secondary School Portmore in Shimla, (H.P.) are


As per class of adolescents and knowledge regarding prevention of acne vulgaris among the

adolescents at selected Govt. Model Girls Senior Secondary School Portmore at Shimla,

(H.P.) has non-significant association. The calculated value of chi-square is (1.328) which is

less than the tabled value (9.488) at 0.05% level of significance, with (4df). Hence, we can

conclude that class of adolescents and knowledge regarding prevention of acne vulgaris among

the adolescents at Govt.Model Girls Senior Secondary School Portmore in Shimla, (H.P.) are

non-significantly associated with each other.

As per family income of adolescents and knowledge regarding prevention of acne vulgaris

among the adolescents at selected Govt. Model Girls Senior Secondary School Portmore at

Shimla, (H.P.) has non-significant association. The calculated value of chi-square is (7.209)

which is less than the tabled value (12.592) at 0.05% level of significance, with (6df). Hence,

we can conclude that family income of adolescents and knowledge regarding prevention of

acne vulgaris among the adolescents at Govt. Model Girls Senior Secondary School in

Shimla, (H.P.) are non-significantly associated with each other.

As per dietary habit of adolescents and knowledge regarding prevention of acne vulgaris

among the adolescent at Govt. Model Girls Senior Secondary School in Shimla, (H.P.) has



dietary habit of adolescents and knowledge regarding prevention of acne vulgaris among the

adolescent at Govt. Model Girls Senior Secondary School Portmorein Shimla, (H.P.) are non-


As per previous knowledge of adolescents and knowledge regarding prevention of acne

vulgaris among the adolescents at Govt Model Girls Senior Secondary School Portmore in


which is less than the tabled value (9.488) at 0.05% level of significance, with (4df). Hence, we

can conclude that previous knowledge of adolescents and knowledge regarding prevention of

acne vulgaris among the adolescent at Senior Secondary School in Shimla, (H.P.) are non-


As per source of information of adolescents and knowledge regarding prevention of acne

vulgaris among the adolescents at Govt. Model Girls Senior Secondary School Portmore in


which is less than the tabled value (12.592) at 0.05% level of significance, with (6df). Hence,

we can conclude that source of information of adolescents and knowledge regarding prevention

of acne vulgaris among the adolescents at Senior Secondary School in Shimla, (H.P.) are non-


DISCUSSION

Many research studies have been conducted in national and international level to assess the

knowledge regarding prevention of acne vulgaris among adolescents . The discussion has been

presented here in context of finding revealed by the other researcher .

The first objective was to assess the knowledge regarding prevention of acne vulgaris among

adolescents at Govt. Model Girls senior secondary school portmorein in shimla . The present

study findings showed that majority of adolescents (90%) had average knowledge followed by

7% had good knowledge and 3% had poor knowledge .

Similar study was conducted by Dr. Naji Yasser Saadoon, Dr. Hewa Sattar Salih,

on assessment of Senior Secondary School adolescents regarding prevention of acne vulgaris

among adolescents at karnatka city Banglore . The study was conducted 100 schools

adolescents I karnatka city . There was moderate level of knowledge of adolescents regarding

prevention of acne vulgaris among adolescents . Maximum adolescents( 99%) had moderate

knowledge and 7% had good knowledge and 3% had poor knowledge . This study findings

support the present study .

Another similar study conducted by Mr. Yu Chang , Sui Lasa Kathmandu ,Nepal, to

assess the knowledge of prevention of acne vulgaris among adolescents, study revealed, that

out of 100 participants, 50.53 had good knowledge and 48.4% had average knowledge on

overall adolescents . none of adolescents had poor knowledge in terms of

psychological ,emotional , physical ,stress and beauty 20% and 10. 5%of the adolescents had

poor knowledge on acne vulgaris . This study also support the present study.

The third objective of present study was to find out the association of level of knowledge

regarding acne vulgaris among adolescents of senior secondary school with selected

demography variables .the present study findings revealed that there was significant

association between the level of knowledge with total years of experience of adolescents and

standard of class . there was a significant association between the level of knowledge of

adolescents with other demography variables . The calculated chi –square values were less

than the table value at the 0.05.level of significan

SUMMARYOF THE CHAPTER

This study dealt with the analysis and interpretation of data collection from 100 adolescents at

Govt. Model Girls Senior Secondary school in shimla. ( H.P). Descriptive and inferential

statistics was used for the data analysis . The level of significance chosen was p< 0.05 . Bar

graphs were used to adopt knowledge and attitude scores . chi square was used to find out the

association of level of knowledge of adolescents regarding prevention of acne vulgaris

among adolescents, with selected demographic variables . There was significant association

between the level of knowledge score with total years of experience of adolescents . There was

no significant association between the level of knowledge score and other demographic

variables . The calculated chi-square values were less than the table value at the 0.05 level of

significance.

CHAPTER – 5SUMMARY , CONCLUSION ,

IMPLICATION,LIMLTATION AND RECOMMENDATION

CHAPTER – 5

SUMMARY , MAJOR FINDINGS, CONCLUSION IMPLICATION ,

LIMITATIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

This chapter dealt with the summary of the study , Its major findings , conclusion and

implication for nursing education , nursing administration , nursing research and public

education . The limitation of the study has been stated .It also gives an account of the

suggestion and recommendation for the future research in the field .

5.1 SUMMARY OF THE STUDT

The investigator felt the need to assess the knowledge regarding prevention of acne vulgaris

among adolescents in selected Govt. Girls Model Senior Secondary School Shimla, PortMore .

The present study was concluded to assess the knowledge regarding prevention of acne

vulgaris among adolescents at Govt. Model Girls Senior Secondary School Portmore at

Shimla, Himachal Pradesh. 2018. Convenient sampling technique was used for selection of

samples . data, was collected from 31st may to june 20th 2018.

Variability for the study, were age ,academic qualification , family income , monthly income ,

previous knowledge , source of knowledge , gender, duration of the study in the same school.

The tool comprised of questionnaires to asses the knowledge among the adolescents regarding

prevention of acne vulgaris, total 100 sample were taken from Selected Senior Secondary

School PortMore Shimla .( H. P). The gathered data analzed by calculating mean, median,

S.D. method . Bar diagrams and graphs were used to depict the finding

Objectives of the study were:

1) To Assess the Knowledge regarding prevention of acne vulgaris among the adolescents



The study also attempted to examine the following hypothesis at 0.05 level of significant.

H1: there will be some knowledge regarding acne vulgaris among the adolescents.

H2: there will be significant difference of knowledge regarding prevention of acne vulgaris

among adolescents with selected demography variables.

The conceptual framework adopted for the study was based on system model.

A review of related research and non research literature helped the investigator to select and

develop the tool for assess the knowledge regarding prevention of acne vulgaris taken by

prepare the questionnaire .The literature reviewed further enabled the investigator to develop a

conceptual framework , methodology of the study and decide for data analysis .

The research approach adopted for the study was adopted for the study was survey approach.

the research design used was non experimental descriptive research design . The independent

variables in the study were structured knowledge questionnaire regarding prevention of acne

vulgaris among adolescents . The dependent variable was in the present study are assess the

knowledge about acne vulgaris from information booklet.

The study conducted in selected Govt. Model Girls Senior Secondary School PortMoreto at

Shimla .The convenient sampling technique was used to obtain adequate size of sample . the

sample comprised of 100 students in Govt. Model Girls Senior Secondary School Portmore

at Shimla .

The tool used for data collection were structured knowledge questionnaire regarding

prevention of acne vulgaris .

The validity of the structured knowledge questionnaire regarding prevention of acne vulgaris

Expert were selected from medical and nursing field . Inter-observer the reliability was

calculated by the split half method was 0.74 and for structured knowledge questionnaire

regarding prevention of acne vulgaris was0.74.

Formal administration approval was obtained from Principal of school to conducted the study

in Govt. Model Girls Senior Secondary School Portmore at Shimla to obtained the

cooperation of the adolescents , the purpose of the study was explained and consent to

participate in the study was taken from the adolescents . The time should be given to the

participate 0 minutes to 30 minutes .The same procedure was followed in all the adolescents .

The data was amnalysis and interpreted in terms of objectives and research hypothesis .

Descriptive and inferential ststics were utilized for the data analysis.

5.2 MAJOR FINDINGS OF THE STUDY

Major findings of the study are summarized as follows:

Maximum number of adolescents 86% were in the age group of 15-16 years , followed by

12%were under age group of 17-18 years and the 2%were under the age group of 13-14 years

but none of them were under the age group of 19-20 years.

All the adolescents were Females that is 100%

Majority of adolescents 97% were Hindu, followed by 2% were muslim and the least 1% were

others but none of them were christian

The literature and the least 1% were others but none of them were Christian.

Majority of the adolescents 64% were to urban residence and 36% were to rural residence

Majority of the adolescents 86% were studying in 11th class, followed by 8% were to 10th

class and the least 6% were to 12th class .

Majority of the adolescents had 37% family income of 15001 or above, followed by 26%

belonged to family income between 5001-10000, followed by 22% belonged to family income

between 1000-5000 and the least 15% belonged to family income between 10001-15000

Majority of the adolescents 80% were vegetarian, followed y 20% were non-vegetarian.

Majority of the adolescents 61% had some previous knowledge, followed by 24% didn’t had

any previous knowledge and the least 15% had some knowledge regarding prevention of acne

vulgaris

Majority of the adolescents 32% had family, followed by 28% had friends, followed by 24%

had mass media and the least 16% had others as source of information regarding prevention of

acne vulgaris

Age of adolescents and knowledge regarding prevention of acne vulgaris among the

adolescents at selected Govt. Model Girls Senior Secondary School at Shimla, (H.P.) has non-

significant association. The calculated value of chi-square is (0.687) which is less than the


age of adolescents and knowledge regarding prevention of acne vulgaris among the adolescents

at Govt. model Girls Senior Secondary School Portmore in Shimla, (H.P.) are non-


As per religion of adolescents and knowledge regarding prevention of acne vulgaris among the




religion of adolescents and knowledge regarding prevention of acne vulgaris among the

adolescent at Govt. model Girls Senior Secondary School Portmore in Shimla, (H.P.) are non-


As per residence of adolescents and knowledge regarding prevention of acne vulgaris among

the adolescents at Govt Model Girls Senior Secondary School Portmore in Shimla, (H.P.) has

significant association. The calculated value of chi-square is (10.080) which is more than the


residence of adolescents and knowledge regarding prevention of acne vulgaris among the



As per class of adolescents and knowledge regarding prevention of acne vulgaris among the




class of adolescents and knowledge regarding prevention of acne vulgaris among the


non-significantly associated with each other.

As per family income of adolescents and knowledge regarding prevention of acne vulgaris

among the adolescents at Govt. Model Girls Senior Secondary School Portmore in Shimla,

(H.P.) has non-significant association. The calculated value of chi-square is (7.209) which is

less than the tabled value (12.592) at 0.05% level of significance, with (6df). Hence, we can

conclude that family income of adolescents and knowledge regarding prevention of acne

vulgaris among the adolescents at Govt. Model Girls Senior Secondary School in Shimla,

(H.P.) are non-significantly associated with each other.

As per dietary habit of adolescents and knowledge regarding prevention of acne vulgaris

among the adolescent at Govt. Model Girls Senior Secondary School in Shimla, (H.P.) has



dietary habit of adolescents and knowledge regarding prevention of acne vulgaris among the

adolescent at Govt. Model Girls Senior Secondary School Portmore in Shimla, (H.P.) are non-


As per previous knowledge of adolescents and knowledge regarding prevention of acne

vulgaris among the adolescents at Govt Model Girls Senior Secondary School Portmore in


which is less than the tabled value (9.488) at 0.05% level of significance, with (4df). Hence, we

can conclude that previous knowledge of adolescents and knowledge regarding prevention of

acne vulgaris among the adolescent at Senior Secondary School in Shimla, (H.P.) are non-


5.3 CONCLUSIONS

The following conclusions are drawn from the findings of the study:

In the basis of total mean score of the finding revealed the mean was 16.6, median score was

17, standard deviation was 3.06,maximum score was 22,minimum score was 9, range of score

was 13 and mean percentage was 55.37%.

The study findings shows the knowledge score regarding prevention of acne vulgaris among

the adolescents at Govt. Model Girls Senior Secondary School in shimla ( H.P.), where

majority of adolescents knowledge score 90% was average , followed by 7% was good and

3% was poor. The calculated knowledge score of adolescents girls on prevention of acne

vulgaris using chi square test which gave chi square value 10.080 which was statically

significant at p< 0.05 level of significant .Hypothesis H1 was accepted .hence it can be inferred

that the information booklet was effective in prevention of acne vulgaris.

5.4 IMPLICATION

IMPLICATION FOR NURSING PRACTICE:

The finding of the study have following implication in nursing research ,nursing

education ,nursing administration.:

Nurses are the backbone of the healthcare setup of any country.

Increasing rate of acne vulgaris need more attention to their prevention .

The expanded role of professional nurse’s emphasis the activities ,which includes

promotive, preventive ,curative and rehabilitation aspects .

In service education programme should be organized regarding acne vulgaris and its

prevention.

Health information and knowledge of prevention of acne vulgaris can be imparted

through various method like mass media , and information booklet.

IMPLICATION FOR NURSING ADMINISTRATIONN

Today there is an increasing demand for quality of care . Nurse administrators are in a key

position to prepare policies , its execution and evaluation to provide quality care . They should

develop nursing practice standards , protocols and booklet for assess the knowledge regarding

prevention of acne vulgaris among adolescents Nurse administrators should make efforts for

prevention of acne vulgaris .

IMPLICATION FOR COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING

Community health nurse are mostly questionnaire to assess the knowledge regarding acne

vulgaris as, it is to carry while providing care to community people . They should be used well

knowledge with the current evidenced based practice and should know the importance of the

prevention of acne vulgaris . So , they should be given the opportunity to learn the concept and

incorporate into the practice . Instead of popping the acne, they can advise to avoid the popping

of the pimple .

IMPLICATION FOR NURSING EDUCATION:

For the purpose of nursing education , this knowledge should be communicated in classroom of

college of nursing and healthcare facilities ,as well as part of continuing education course in

the order to provide cost –effective and quality nursing care to the patients in the hospital as

well as people in the community.

IMPLICATION FOR NURSING RESEARCH:

Research is essential for maintenance of good practice. The more of the field expands, the

more research become necessary .There is a growing interest in the problem associate with the

accuracy to assess the knowledge on prevention of acne vulgaris There is need for research

evidence to assess and evaluate the knowledge of acne vulgaris .

5.5 LIMITATION

1. The convenient sampling technique was used to select the study sample which

limits the generalization of the finding .

2. Homogeneous groups in larger sample were not partitioned into sub-group to

make it homogenous.

5.6 RECOMMENDATION:

The findings of the study raised many question to be answered . thus, thefolowing

recommendations are made on the basis of the findings of present study.

The study can be replicated with larger sample using random sampling for generalization

of the findings.

This study can be replicated with homogenous group.

Homogeneous group in larger sample can be partitioned into sub –groups to determine

if there are variables , as of yet unidentified , that may be associated with or impact the

readings. For example, significant reading variations may occur in different age group

adolescents with acne vulgaris .

A similar study can be conducted to check the accuracy and reliability of acne vulgaris with

questionnaires

A descriptive study can be done to evaluate the accuracy of prevention of acne vulgaris

among adolescents.

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49. Prevalence with R.F of facial A.V. among ehinese adolescents By Wu.Tq, meisq,

zhand Jx,GanghF www.ncbi.n/m.nih.gov/pubmed/18348416.2007 oct-Dec.

50. Wu TQ, Mei SQ, Zhang JX, et al. Prevalence and risk factors of acne vulgaris

among Chinese adolescents. Int Adolesc med health 2007oct-dec 19(4):407-12.

51. Parker Margin, Dimity Pond, Wayne Smith, Alan Watson. A systematic review of the

evidence for ‘myths and misconceptions in acne management: diet, face washing and

http://www.ncbi.n/m.nih.gov/pubmed/18348416.2007

http://www.ajcn.org/cgi/content/abstract%2086/1/%20107

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/1733055

sunlight 2007.

52. Jemec G B, Linnerberg A,Nielsen N H et al. Have oral contraceptives reduced the

prevalence of acne?a population based study on acne vulgaris , tobacco smoking and oral contraceptives , Dermatology 2002 .204(3):179-84 .

53. Grevelink T M, White V R,’ Concurrent use of laser skin, resurfacing and punch

excision in the treatment of facial acne scarring, 1998 may; 24(5); 527-30.

54. Science news. Link Found between Teens Stress levels and acne severity, science

daily 2007 March 06.

55. Prevalence of Acne Vulgaris in Auckland senior high School.,.

By. J.Lello. www.Mendeley.Com

56. Perspectives on Isotretinoin and the Canadian consensus Guidelines

by- JKL Tan-2010. www.skintherapy letter.Com/2001/6.2/1

57. Does Diet Really Affect Acne? Abstract and introduction : by HR

Ferdowsian www.Medscape.Com/viewarticle/722953

58. Journal compilation, ‘Acne, Adolescents, Prevalence and Psychological health.’

European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology, Published on 2007 dec

20.Volume 22, issue 4, p 462- 469.

59. Rustom Teherani. Management of premenstrual acne with Cox-2 inhibitors. A placebo

controlled study, Indian journal Dermatol Venerol leprol (2004) 70:345-8.

60. An article epidemiology and psychological implication of Acne Vulgares, an attack on the skin and psyche retrieved from http;||meducatar.org.php|issue 20006 november, vol.22, p 60-70. 61 Pantothenic in the treatment of acne vulgaris by Lit –

hung leung.M. www.medscape. Com/viewartical/707345-

62. K Park Preventive and Social Medicine,1 7th Edition, Banarsidas, Bhanot Publishers,

http://www.medscape/

http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/722953

http://www.skintherapy/

http://www.Mendeley.Com/

63. Journal compilation, ‘Acne, Adolescents, Prevalence and Psychological health.’

European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology, Published on 2007 dec

20.Volume 22, issue 4, p 462- 469

64. An article ‘Do acne normally occur in teenagers, treatment for pimples/acne, 2008, sep.

Retrieved from http| www.clickin dia.com. on 2008 Nov. 13th.

65. Treatment and By Ws. Maddn-2000. www.ncbi.n/m.nih.giv/pubmed/11749902.

Prevention of Acne Vulgaris and Scarringi Canadian consensus guidelines.

http://www.ncbi.n/m.nih.giv/pubmed/11749902

Appendix-A

LETTER REQUESTING PERMISSION FOR CONDUCTING RESEARCH STUDY

Date:

To

The Research Ethical Committee

Sister Nivedita Govt. Nursing College,

I.G.M.C, Shimla ( H.P)

Through Proper Channel

Subject: Regarding permission for conducting Research study.

Respected Sir/ Madam,

With due respect, I have the honor to state that I am M.Sc. Nursing 2nd year student of Sister Nivedita Govt.

Nursing College I.G.M.C Shimla. I am conducting a research project as the partial fulfilment of degree of Master

in nursing from H.P.U. The topic of my research study is, “A descriptive study to assess the knowledge

regarding prevention of Acne Vulgaris among adolescents in Govt. Model Girls Senior Secondary

School Portmore at Shimla (H. P.) with the view to develop information booklet.” .” I request you to

permit me to collect data from selected schools for the purpose of research study. I will follow the rules &

regulations of the institutions & all the information will be kept confidential & will only be used for research

purpose. I shall be highly thankful to you for this act of kindness.

Yours sincerely

Meeran Rani

M.Sc. Nursing 11nd year

S.N.G.N.C, I.G.M.C,

Shimla

Mrs. Usha Mehta Dr. Aditya Sharma Mrs. Kamala Tanwar Dr. Prabha Kashyap Mrs. Santosh Manta

Professor cum-Principal - Lecturer Lecturer Lecturer Lecturer

Sister Nivedita Govt. Nursing College Indira Gandhi Medical College, Shimla

Appendix-B

Letter requesting permission for conducting pilot study at G.S.S.S Mashobra

Date :28-5-2018To The PrincipalSister Nivedita Govt.N ursing College IGMC ,Shimla ( H.P)

Through proper channel.

Subject: Regarding permission for conducting research study.

Respected Madam,

With due respect , Madam it is submitted that I am M .Sc .Nursing II year student of Sister Nivedita Govt.Nursing College IGMC ,Shimla . I am conducting a research study.

The topic of my research study is “A descriptive study to assess the knowledge regarding

prevention of acne vulgaris among adolescents in Govt. Senior Secondary School Mashobra at

Shimla (H.P.) with the view to develop information booklet.”

(H.P)”. as the partial fulfilment of M.Sc ( Nursing) programme.

I request you to permit me to conduct the Research study in Senior Secondary School Mashobra at

Shimla. ( H.P)

I shall be highly thankful to you for this act of kindness.

Yours sincerely

Meeran Rani

M.Sc. Nursing II year.

S.N.G.N.C I.G.M.C

Shimla

Appendix-C

Letter requesting permission for conducting pilot study.

Date:

To

The Principal

Govt. Senior .Secondary .School

Mashobra , Shimla (H.P)

Subject:

Respected Sir,

With due respect, it is submitted that I am M.Sc Nursing II year student of Sister Nivedita Govt. Nursing College I.G.M.C, Shimla. I am conducting a research project as partial fulfilment of degree of Master in Nursing from H.P.U.

Topic of the research study is “A descriptive study to assess the knowledge regarding prevention of Acne vulgaris among adolescents in Govt. Senior Secondary School Mashobra at Shimla (H. P.) with the view to develop information booklet.”

I request you to kindly permit me to conduct the research study in Senior Secondary School

Mashobra at Shimla (H.P)”. I promise that it will not affect the routine activities and I will abide by

the rules of the institution..

Thanking youYours faithfullyMeeran Rani M.Sc Nursing II Year.S.N.G.N.C, I.G.M.CShimla

Appendix-D

LETTER SEEKING PERMISSION TO CONDUCT RESEARCH STUDY AT G.M.G.S.S.S.PORTMOREDate :

To

The Principal

Sister Nivedita Govt.N ursing College

IGMC ,Shimla ( H.P)

Through proper channel.

Subject: Regarding permission for conducting research study.

Respected Sir/ Madam

With due respect ,it is submitted that, I am M .Sc .Nursing II year student of Sister Nivedita Govt.

Nursing College IGMC ,Shimla . I am conducting a research study.

The topic of my research study is “A descriptive study to assess the knowledge regarding prevention of

acne vulgaris among adolescents in Govt. Model Girls Senior Secondary School at Shimla (Portmore)

(H.P.) with the view to develop information booklet.” (H.P)”. as the

partial fulfilment of M.Sc ( Nursing) programme.

I request you to permit me to conduct the research Study in Govt. Model Girls Senior Secondary School at

Portmore in Shimla H.P.

Thanking you

Yours sincerely

Meeran Rani

M.Sc. Nursing II year.

S.N.G.N.C I.G.M.C

Shimla

Appendix-E

LETTER SEEKING PERMISSION TO CONDUCT RESEARCH STUDY AT G.M.G.S.S.S.PORTMORE

Date: ToThe Principal Govt. Model Girls Sen.Sec. School Portmore Shimla ( H.P)Subject: Regarding permission for conducting research study.Respected Sir,With due respect, it is submitted that I am M.Sc Nursing II year student of Sister Nivedita Govt. Nursing College I.G.M.C, Shimla. I am conducting a research project as partial fulfilment of degree of Master in Nursing from H.P.U.0020xThe topic of my research study is “A descriptive study to assess the knowledge regarding prevention of acne vulgaris among adolescents in Govt. Model Girls Senior Secondary School at Shimla (H. P.) with the view to develop information booklet.”as the partial fulfilment of M. Sc. (Nursing ) programme. I request you to kindly permit me to conduct the research study in Govt. Model Girls Senior Secondary School

at Portmore Shimla (H.P)”I promise you that it will not affect the routine activities and I will abide by the rules

and regulations of the school.

I shall be highly thankful to you for this act of kindness.Yours sincerelyMeeran Rani M.Sc Nursing II Year.S.N.G.N.C, I.G.M.CShimla

Appendixr-F

CONSENT FORM FOR PARTICIPANTS

I--------------------------------------------------is willing participate in the research study and Ihave been informed that information related to me will be kept confidential and will be used for research study purpose only.

Signature of participants (students)

Appendix-G

SECTION-A

GENERAL INFORMATION

SOCIO DEMOGRAPHIC DATA

Instruction: This structured knowledge questionnaire consists of two parts .First part consists

of questions related to socio demographic data and second part consists of question related

assess the knowledge regarding prevention of acne vulgaris In Part-1 modified Kuppuswamy,s

socioeconomic status scale is used . Part -1contain 13 questions . Read the following carefully

and tick mark with your responses. Participants who understand English can response to

questions in Hindi . The information provide by you will be kept confidential and used only for

the study purpose .

1. Age

a. 13-14 Years. [ ]

b. 15-16Years. [ ]

c. 17-18Years. [ ] d. 19-20 Years [ ]

2. Gender:

a. Male. [ ] b Female. [ ]

3. Religion a . Hindu. [ ]

b. Muslim [ ]c. Christian. [ ] d.. Any other (specify)………… [ ]

4. Residence a. Rural. [ ]b.Urban. [ ]

5. Class a. 10th [ ] b. 11th [ ] c. 12th [ ]

6. Family Income a. 1000-5000. [ ] b. 5001-10000 [ ] c. 10001-15000 [ ] d. 15001 & above [ ]

7. Dietary Habitsa. Vegetarian. [ ]b. Non Vegetarian [ ]c. Other if any. [ ]

8. Previous knowledgea. Yes [ ]b. No [ ]c. To some extent [ ]

9. Source of information about acne a. Family [ ] b. Friends [ ] c. Mass media [ ] d . Others [ ]

10. Do you think that the treatment in acne valgaris is necessary ?

a. Yes [ ]b. No [ ]

11. Do you use any topical medication of your own for acne ? a.Yes [ ]

b.No [ ]

12 Do you use topical steroid suggestion by a friends ,chemist or any physician ?

a. Yes [ ]

b. No [ ]

13. Can you name the medication you are using yourself without the prescription of a dermatologist ?

a. Yes [ ]

b. No [ ]

SECTION - B

SELF-STRUCTURED KNOWLEDGE QUESTIONNAIREON

PREVENTION OF ACNE AMONG ADOLECENTS

INSTRUCTIONS: The Part -11 of Knowledge Questionnaire contains 34 Question .Each question carries one mark for right response .Read carefully & tick mark with your responses .

1. The largest organ of the body is:

a. Skin [ ] b. Heart [ ] c . Liver [ ]

2. The skin is composed of: a. Two Layers [ ] b. Three Layers [ ] c. .Four Layers [ ]

3. Commonest skin disorders in adolescents: a. Scabies [ ] b. Acne [ ] c .urticaria [ ]

4. Acne means: a. non-infectious diseases [ ] b. Infectious disease [ ] c. skin allergy [ ]

5. Acne vulgaris is also known as: a. Pimples [ ] b. Acme [ ] c. papules [ ]

6. Acne occurs most commonly in: a. Girls only [ ] b. Boys only [ ] c. Both [ ]

7. Acne usually affects: a. Whole body [ ] b . Face, chest& back [ ] c. Extremities [ ]

8. Acne is aggravated by:

a. Extra makeup, cream with steroids [ ] b. Friction, exclusive sweating [ ] c. Both [ ]

9. Bad eating habits can increase acne: a. High glycemic diet [ ] b. Mostly [ ] c . Not at all [ ]

10. The gland responsible for acne is: a. Thyroid gland [ ] b. Pituitary glands [ ] c. Sebaceous glands [ ]

11. Acne is seen in adolescent due to: a. Infection [ ] . b. Hormonal changes [ ] . c. Both [ ]

12. Type of skin responsible for acne:

a. Dry skin [ ] b. Oily skin [ ] c. Normal skin [ ]

13. Practices that make acne worst are: a. Squeezing pimple [ ] b. Touching and washing face frequently [ ] c. Both [ ]

14. Acne can be treated with the advise from a. . Proper diet, personal hygiene and skin care [ ]

b. dermatologist [ ]. c. Both [ ] 15. Acne can cause: a. Physical problems [ ] b. High self esteem [ ] c. Low self esteem [ ]

16. Cause of acne vulgaris is: a. Hormonal factors [ ] b. Genetics factors [ ] c. All of above [ ]

17. Foods responsible for acne are : a. High glycemic diet [ ] B. fish or omega 3 ( production of oil) [ ] C. Vitamins [ ]

18. Acne problem is common among children from : a .Slums area [ ] . b Industrial area [ ] c. Non of above [ ]

19. Symptoms of acne vulgaris are: a. white heads, black heads pimples [ ]

b. bumps on the skin, Papules & pustules [ ] c. Both A & B [ ]

20 The nutrition required for reduction of acne is: a. Oily food [ ] b. Balanced diet [ ] c. Fried foods [ ]

21. Acne can be prevented by: a. avoid self mutilation [ ] b Avoid topical steriod [ ] c. Both [ ] 22. Foods helpful for prevention of acne is : a. vitamins , zinc, antioxidants, fibers, etc. [ ] b. chocolate, caffeine [ ] c. spicy foods, soda drink [ ]

23. Measures to prevent acne are : a. avoids vigorously scrubbing, squeezing pimples [ ] b. Avoid oily creams and occlusive sun screeen [ ] c. Both [ ]

24. following is not right for acne: a . Exercises [ ]

b. Good nutrition [ ] c. dust, oil, pollution, over washing of face [ ]

25. The exercise helpful for acne prevention is a. Breathing exercise [ ] b. Walking [ ] c. Facial exercises [ ] 26 following exercise relax facial muscles:

a Breathing exercise. [ ] b. Aerobics [ ] c. Yoga and pranayama [ ]

27. Effects of sunlight on acne vulgaris:a. produce oil [ ]b. Aggravate acne [ ]c. none of above [ ]

28. Acne vulgaris may also be prevented with:a. good skin cleanser [ ]b. oral antibiotics, [ ] c Balanced diet sun protection and void oily creams [ ]

29. Practice of following measures may help in prevention of acne:

a. exercises, no stress, use of gels & light makeup [ ]b. over makeup ` [ ]c. oily creams [ ]

3O . Best way to prevent acne is: a. Wash face gently with gentle face wash thrice a day, [ ] b. Use of light soap, skin care & follow physician advise [ ] c. Both A & B [ ]

Appendix-H ANSWER KEY FOR KNOWLEDGE QUESTIONNAIRE

SECTION-B

REGARDING PREVENTION OF ACNE VALGARIS

ITEM ANSWERS SCORE ITEM ANSWERS SCORE

1 A 1 16 C 1

2 A 1 17 A 1

3 B 1 18 B 1

4 A 1 19 A 1

5 A 1 20 B 1

6 C 1 21 C 1

7 B 1 22 A 1

8 C 1 23 A 1

9 A 1 24 C 1

10 C 1 25 A 1

11 C 1 26 C 1

12 B 1 27 B 1

13 A 1 28 C 1

14 B 1 29 A 1

15 C 1 30 B 1

Appendix-I

A LETTER SEEKING EXPERT’S OPINION AND SUGGESTION FOR

THE CONTENT VALIDATION OF TOOL FOR RESEARCH PROJECT

From, Mrs. Meeran RaniM.Sc. Nursing 2nd year,Sister Nivedita Government Nursing College,I.G.M.C, ShimlaTo The PrincipalSister Nivedita Government Nursing College,I.G.M.C, Shimla.

SUBJECT:-Requesting the Expert opinion and suggestion for the content validity of a

Research tool.

Respected Madam,

With profoundest veneration, this is to inform you that I am a final year student of Master of Science in Nursing in Sister Nivedita Government Nursing College I.G.M.C, Shimla. I have selected the below mentioned topic for research project to be submitted to the Himachal Pradesh University, Shimla as a partial fulfilment of university requirements for the award of Master of Science Nursing degree.

The topic of the research project is:

‘‘A descriptive study to assess the knowledge regarding prevention of acne vulgaris among the adolescents in selected Govt. Model Girls Senior Secondary School Portmore at Shimla, Himachal Pradesh with the view to develop information booklet.’’

In this connection, I have developed the tool i.e.-(i) Socio- demographic variables Performa(ii) Structured knowledge questionnaire for prevention of acne vulgaris. I request you to go through the tool and give your valuable opinion for any modification and improvement needed. Your esteemed opinion and critical comments will provide and contribute immensely to the quality and content of my final research.

I shall be grateful to you for your valuable remarks and suggestions. Thanking you,Yours faithfully, Meeran Rani

Appendix -J APPENDIX-B

LIST OF EXPERTS FOR CONTENT VALIDATION OF TOOL

SR.NO. EXPERTS NAME DESINATION

1. Dr. G.R.TEGTA Head of department In dermatologist and veneriologist IGMC SHIMLA

2. Dr. S.R. Verma Associate professor department of dermatologist SHIMLA

3. Dr.Aditya Lecture department of medical and surgical nursing

4. Dr. Prabha kashyap Lecture an department oF pediatric nursing

5. Dr. Dalip H.O.D .department of community health

6. Ms Amita Puri Lecture department of gynea bog nursing

7. Ms. Shashi Sharma Principal of nursing schoolIGMC SHIMLA

8. Madam Reena clinical instructor /sisters tutor

9. Ms Bimla Sister tutor/cilinical instructor department of community health

10. Ms. Pusha Panwer

11. Dr. Kiran Dharma Clinical instructore

12. Ms.Parbhat Clinical instructor

Appendix- K

CERTIFICATE OF CONTENT VALIDITY

This is to certify that the tool developed by Mrs.Meeran Rani M.Sc Nursing 2nd year student of

Sister Nivedita Govt. Nursing College of Shimla on topic ‘‘A descriptive study to Assess

the knowledge Regarding Prevention of Acne Vulgaris among the adolescents in selected

Govt. Model Girls Senior Secondary School Portmore at Shimla, (Himachal Pradesh) with

the view to develop informational booklet.’’ is validated by undersigned and she can

proceed with this tool to conduct the main study.

Suggestion /Opinion:

1.---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

2.---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

3.-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

4.----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

5.----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

6.----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

7.----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

8.----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

9.----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

10.----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Signature with official seals.

Appendix-L

INFORMED CONSENT

This is to inform you that, I Meeran Rani 2nd year M.Sc Nursing student of Sister Nivedita Govt. Nursing College I.G.M.C Shimla is conducting a study on ‘‘A descriptive study to assess the knowledge regarding prevention of acne vulgaris among the adolescents in Govt. Model Girls Senior Secondary School Portmore at Shimla, Himachal Pradesh with the view to develop information booklet.’’

This is to emphasize that your participation in this study is voluntary and that your refusal to participate will not have any negative consequences for you . All of your study record will be kept confidential. Your personal identity will not be revealed in any publication or released of results . This study will not harm you directly or indirectly

If during the study you do not wish to answer any particular question, you may skip that . If you want to withdraw yourself from this study at any stage even after having provided some information you may do so. No compensation is proposed to be provided for your participation in the study .I hope you will participate in the entire study process because I will use all these information to draw correct conclusion .

( Name and signature of the investigator )

I have been explained the purpose of the study .I have been also explained the modalities of intervention and its benefits. I agree to participate in the study.

Date: (Signature of the student)

Appendix- M CERTIFICATE BY STATISTICIAN

STATEMENT OF THE RESEARCH PROBLEM

A Descriptive Study to assess the knowledge regarding prevention of Acne Vulgaris

among adolescents in selected Govt. Model girls Senior Secondary School at Shimla,

Himachal Pradesh with the view to develop information booklet.

OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

1) To Assess the Knowledge regarding prevention of Acne Vulgaris among adolescents.


3) To develop an informational booklet .

I Barjinder Kumar Aneja hereby certify that, Meeran Rani student of M.Sc(N) 2nd year of

Sister Nivedita Government Nursing College, I.G.M.C. Shimla consulted me for above study.

The appropriate statistical analysis has been done to study the above objectives.

Appendix-N

TO WHOMSOEVER IT MAY CONCERN

This is certified that I have edited the thesis titled,below of Meeran Rani , student of M.Sc

Nursing II year Sister Nivedita Govt Nursing College I G M C Shimla for the partial

fulfilment of the requirement for the degree of Master of Science in nursing .

Statement of problem ‘‘A descriptive study to assess the knowledge Regarding

Prevention of Acne Vulgaris among the adolescents in Govt. Model Girls Senior

Secondary School Portmore at Shimla, (Himachal Pradesh) with the view to develop

informational booklet.’’

Date : Name

Signature with seal

Appendix- O

CERTIFICATE FOR ENGLISH VALIDATION

STATEMENT OF THE RESEARCH PROBLEM

A descriptive study to assess the knowledge Regarding prevention of acne Vulgaris

among the adolescents in Govt. Model Senior Secondary School Portmore at Shimla,

Himachal Pradesh, with the view to develop informationa booklet.

Objectives of the study are: s

1) To assess the knowledge regarding prevention of acne vulgaris among the adolescents. 2) To determine the association of knowledge with selected demographic variables

3) To develop an informational booklet . I --------------------------- hereby certify that, Meeran Rani student of M.Sc.(N) 2nd year of Sister

Nivedita Government Nursing College, I.G.M.C. Shimla consulted me for above study for

validity of English used in thesis entitled ‘‘A descriptive study to assess the knowledge

Regarding Prevention of Acne Vulgaris among the adolescents in Govt Model Senior

Girls Secondary School Portmore at Shimla, Himachal Pradesh with the view to

develop informational booklet.

Date: Signature

Place: Designation

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