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AOHT Principles of Hospitality and Tourism

Lesson 6Lodging

Teacher Resources

Resource Description

Teacher Resource 6.1 Presentation and Notes: The Wide World of Lodging (includes separate PowerPoint file)

Teacher Resource 6.2 Photos: Matching Travelers with Hotel Rooms

Teacher Resource 6.3 Guide: Principles of Hospitality and Tourism Culminating Project

Teacher Resource 6.4 Rubric: Business Proposal

Teacher Resource 6.5 Guide: Business Proposal

Teacher Resource 6.6 Prompts: Learning Objective Reflection (separate PowerPoint slide)

Teacher Resource 6.7 Key Vocabulary: Lodging

Teacher Resource 6.8 Bibliography: Lodging

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AOHT Principles of Hospitality and TourismLesson 6 Lodging

Teacher Resource 6.1

Presentation Notes: The Wide World of LodgingBefore you show this presentation, use the text accompanying each slide to develop presentation notes. Writing the notes yourself enables you to approach the subject matter in a way that is comfortable to you and engaging for your students. Make this presentation as interactive as possible by stopping frequently to ask questions and encourage class discussion.

Presentation notes



A lodging is somewhere to sleep or to stay for a short time, such as on a vacation or a business trip. It is an accommodation for leisure or business travelers. Hotels make up the largest category within the lodging industry. There are several types of hotels, including luxury hotels, resort hotels, full-service hotels, extended-stay hotels, and limited-service hotels. Hotels can be categorized by their price range or by where they are located, including airport hotels, which are near the airport, and highway hotels, which are located right off a highway exit. Another name for a highway hotel is a motel, which is a combination of the words motor and hotel. Peer to peer property rentals like Airbnb and FlipKey have given travelers more options for overnight lodging.

Lodgings can be extremely unusual. In Sweden and other countries with long cold winters, you can stay in a hotel made entirely of ice and snow. There are tree house hotels, cave hotels, and yurt hotels, which are like very fancy dome tents.

Presentation notes



Luxury hotels offer guests the most modern, expensive amenities available, including large bathrooms with expensive soaps and jetted tubs, sitting areas with comfortable couches and state-of-the-art television equipment, and bedrooms with the finest linens and best views. Luxury hotels also offer guests swimming pools, beauty salons, gift boutiques, game rooms, daily housekeeping, 24-hour room service, wedding and banquet services, and rooms for meetings or other events. They also have dining options for breakfast, lunch, and dinner, as well as additional food services.

Presentation notes



Resort hotels are very similar to luxury hotels, except they also offer easy access to additional amenities such as ski slopes, golf courses, amusement parks, beaches, or spas. Another type of resort hotel is a casino in which guests have access to gaming and betting rooms. Luxury and resort hotels are often the most expensive. They offer the complete vacation experience—you may never leave the hotel grounds during your whole vacation, because every activity or amenity you could want is there at your fingertips. All-inclusive resorts can also be very cost-effective since all meals and drinks are included in the package. Knowing what the total cost of the trip will be ahead of time can make these types of resorts appealing to families or students.

Presentation notes



Full-service hotels are a step down from luxury hotels. They still offer many amenities, but they aren’t as fancy. Guests at full-service hotels typically enjoy restaurants or coffee bars inside the hotel, housekeeping, laundry services, and swimming pools or fitness rooms. Rooms are usually smaller than those in luxury hotels. Full-service hotels may also be referred to as midrange because they are in the middle of the price range.

Some full-service hotels specifically target businesspeople on short hops, or trips. These hotels may emphasize their business-friendly features, which may include in-room wireless or Internet access or a business center with copy machines, fax machines, and printers. Many of these types of hotels also have the ability to hold small conferences or events within their own hotel—they have ballrooms and meeting rooms. This is another way that they target businesspeople, as they can attend their meeting or trade show in the hotel without having to arrange for transportation to an event at another venue.

Presentation notes



Extended-stay hotels are designed for people who have to stay for weeks or even months. These guests might be business travelers on a long trip, people who are moving to a new town, or people who have had to move out of their home temporarily. Sometimes families on vacation stay at this kind of hotel. These hotel rooms usually include a full kitchen with a refrigerator, a stove or a microwave, and all the kitchen utensils—pots and pans, plates, glasses, silverware—you need to cook your own meals. The rooms also typically include a living room area and/or a desk and office space, and some extended-stay hotels are pet friendly, so Fido and Fluffy can stay, too. Extended-stay hotels are usually less expensive than full-service or luxury hotels.

Presentation notes



Limited-service hotels may offer continental breakfast, which includes cereal, juice, toast, muffins, and fruit. They have housekeeping service, newspaper service, and vending machines. They sometimes offer Internet access and swimming pools. Highway hotels, or motels, are often limited-service hotels. Limited-service hotels may also be referred to as economy or budget lodging because they are the least expensive option. For a guest who just needs a bed for the night, or for the traveler who doesn’t plan to spend much time in the room, a limited-service hotel may be the perfect answer.

Presentation notes



Most lodging businesses take down your billing information when you check in and bill you when you check out. You can usually arrive to check in during the afternoon and check out before late morning of the day you want to leave. This gives housekeeping time to clean your room and prepare it for the next guest.

During checkout, the guest receives a bill, or folio. The more services guests use during their stay, the higher the bill will be. For example, on the bill above, the couple ate some candy bars from the minibar in their room. A minibar is a small refrigerator that some hotels have in the room, full of drinks and snacks that you can buy. The couple also paid to watch movies at night. Many hotels require a deposit for incidents upon check-in. This could cover minibar charges, rented movies, in-room dining charges, or charges in case of any damage done in the room.

Different rooms in the same hotel have different prices. Rooms that are larger or have two beds, bigger beds, great views, or luxurious furnishings (such as leather couches, jetted hot tubs, or balconies) cost more. Most guests request rooms based on how many beds they need. Rooms can cost anywhere from less than $50 to more than $10,000 per night, depending on the hotel and location. Also, many cities charge a Transient Occupancy Tax (TOT)—a tax on the hotel bed, essentially. These taxes can be as high as 20%, and that is added on to the price of the hotel room. Some cities charge a tourism development tax; resorts may also include a resort fee. These fees are usually lower in city centers.

Presentation notes



Many travelers look at ratings from the American Automobile Association (AAA) before making travel choices. AAA sends inspectors to rate lodging businesses every year. They look at television size and soap quality, count how many hangers are in closets, and record whether there are swimming pools, fitness rooms, and more. They also monitor the service of the lodging employees. AAA rates lodging businesses using its diamond system. Five diamonds is top of the line, the height of luxury and expense. One diamond is for the most basic lodging that is still a good place to stay.

Another well-known lodging rating system is the Forbes Travel Guide (formerly known as Mobil Travel Guide), which rates lodging options by stars instead of diamonds. Although its rating system is similar to AAA, many believe it is slightly stricter. Hotels are inspected once every 18 months for acceptable price range in accordance with quality of food, décor, amenities, services, and so on. When you hear someone say they stayed at a four-star hotel, they are talking about Forbes’s rating system. Most of the world uses the star system in their hotel ratings.

Websites like TripAdvisor, Yelp, Expedia, Travelocity, and Hotwire have their own rating systems that are not a part of either Forbes or AAA.

Presentation notes



Bed and breakfasts are usually smaller and family owned. They are often houses that have been converted into inns. Innkeepers are often couples who enjoy hosting guests in their home. In North America, bed and breakfasts are usually located in areas of high amenity, or places of considerable tourist interest, and are often housed in converted historic homes.

Rooms and amenities are often very similar to people’s own homes. Rooms often include personal touches such as flower arrangements, handmade quilts, and cozy fireplaces. In some bed and breakfasts, there may not be a television or even a phone in each room. B&Bs, as they are called, offer other activities, such as a library of books and board games that guests can borrow. Many B&Bs keep a room journal, where guests can write a note to the innkeepers and to fellow guests. It can be fascinating to read about the other people who have stayed in your room.

The most unique part of bed and breakfasts (and where they get their name) is that innkeepers cook breakfast for all the guests every morning. This often includes eggs, bacon, toast, pancakes, waffles, and more. Guests usually eat breakfast together (although some places will deliver breakfast to guests in their rooms). This can be a terrific opportunity to learn about other guests’ experiences and get some inside information about the best places to eat, explore, or visit in this community.

Services like Airbnb and FlipKey offer similar experiences to a traditional bed and breakfast. While you do not get breakfast or other meals, renting a room in someone’s house does allow for greater interaction than staying in a hotel.

Presentation notes



Hostels appeal to travelers on a tight budget because their prices are so reasonable. Most major US cities have them, but hostels are even more popular in other countries. In Australia and New Zealand, hostels are known as back packers. In hostels, travelers often sleep in bunk beds with up to 15 other people in a room. They also share bathrooms and have shared spaces such as a reading room, Internet area, and kitchen where you can cook your own meals. Some hostels have separate sections for men and women.

Hostels frequently have guidelines to follow: for example, they might set a curfew, and all guests must be inside by that time. Many hostels shut their doors during the day, so you’ll have to carry your luggage with you. Sometimes the hostel offers lockers where you can store your bags.

You can meet people from all over the world at hostels. They often host activities such as local tours to help guests get acquainted. Hostels attract young people like college students traveling on their summer break.

Another type of student lodging is a pensione, a family-owned guest house, kind of like an American bed and breakfast and commonly found in European countries like Spain, Italy, and France. Pensiones might offer special rates for guests staying longer than a week.

Pensiones and hostels can be housed in unusual buildings, like a lighthouse, a castle, a barn, or a historic private home. They offer travelers a unique insight into life in another country.

Presentation notes



RV parks and campgrounds are designed for people who are traveling in a recreational vehicle (RV) or who are camping in a tent. Campgrounds often offer toilets, showers, water, barbeque pits, and a safe place to camp. They cost less than most other lodging options, but they offer only basic services. In some instances, however, RV “resorts” offer many amenities, such as mini-golf, game rooms, and beaches.

Generally, your amenities will depend on what you bring with you—what your RV provides or what kind of camping equipment you own. These types of trips are also very affected by the weather, especially camping. However, in the summer months, or in parts of the country or world where the weather is mild, RV-ing or camping can provide a great opportunity to travel for long periods of time and enjoy the natural resources of the area for limited cost. People who love the outdoors or enjoy outdoor activities like hunting, fishing, or hiking, find camping or RV-ing a great way to spend their vacations.

Presentation notes



The place you spend the night is a key aspect of any travel experience, whether you’re only spending the night or a whole week. A pleasant stay in a nice hotel, even if it isn’t fancy, leaves you with a good memory of your trip. An unpleasant experience can turn a trip into a nightmare.

For example, say you and your mom have been in the car all day, on your way to check out a college that you’re thinking of applying to. When you arrive at the hotel where you reserved a room, you’re tired and hungry. You have to wait a really long time for the receptionist to come to the counter and check you in. When you get to your room, you can’t get the air conditioner to turn off and the room is too cold. The bed is lumpy, the springs in the mattress creak, and there aren’t enough blankets. You can clearly hear the people in the next room watching TV until 2 a.m. In the morning you are totally exhausted and cranky. You don’t even feel like checking the college out any more.

Or, the receptionist is ready for you and friendly; she tells you where the nearest restaurant is. Your room is clean and quiet; there’s nice shampoo in the bathroom and lots of channels for free on the TV. The alarm clock works. The beds are comfortable. When you wake up you are refreshed and ready to make a good impression when you visit the college.

So, before you choose a place to spend the night, do some homework. Look online for customer reviews; see if the lodging has received a rating; look at its website. You’ll be glad you made the effort!

Presentation notes




Photos: Matching Travelers with Hotel Rooms

Traveler #1Dr. Helena Chow is a specialist in infectious disease. She travels to remote areas of the world to treat people who have little or no access to medical care. Dr. Chow needs a hotel room in a small village in Haiti. She will stay there while she treats sick children who have lost their homes in a huge earthquake.

Traveler #2Hector Alvarez is the mayor of a city in Portugal, where he has reformed local government and built a new elementary school. He has become a legend in many cities in Europe. He has been invited to a city in Bulgaria as a special guest of the mayor. The politicians of the city want to treat Hector Alvarez like royalty and get his advice on how to help them with their problems.

Traveler #3Olga Nikolayev is a talent scout for a new clothing brand. She travels all over the world meeting with fashion designers who hope to impress her and design clothes for the new brand. She spends a lot of time in hotels; she expects them to be comfortable and modern.



Photo A



Photo B



Photo C




Guide: Principles of Hospitality and Tourism Culminating Project

Project OverviewIn this project, students apply the basic concepts and tools of the hospitality and tourism industry to create a comprehensive proposal for a vacation package that would appeal to high school students. The driving question for the project is, “How can we design an appealing all-inclusive vacation package that is targeted to high school students ?”

The students work cooperatively in groups of four. Each group chooses a different destination in the United States that they believe would appeal to their target demographic.

Over the course of this project, students produce the following pieces that will make up their complete proposal:

A business proposal that introduces their destination, offers green travel tips, and makes lodging recommendations (Student Resource 6.5)

A plan for a special meal (Student Resource 7.3)

A finalized itinerary detailing the entire trip: transportation, lodging, activities, safety tips, and costs (Student Resources 8.2, 8.3, and 11.4)

A promotion plan (Student Resource 12.2)

A promotional brochure (based on Student Resource 12.3)

AssessmentThere are two main assessments for the project:

The final pieces that make up each complete proposal are assessed as a single collection, using a rubric for the student group.

The final presentation of each proposal is assessed using a rubric for the student group.

Rubrics are provided in Lessons 14 and 15 for the proposal and in Lesson 16 for the presentation.

Advance PreparationIn addition, you will need to decide whether you will hold the final presentations in your classroom or in another space, such as an auditorium or a conference room. Book the date and time well in advance of the event. You can also schedule to have the presentations videotaped. More information on that is available in Lesson 16.




Rubric: Business ProposalStudent Names:_____________________________________________ Date:___________________

Exemplary Solid Developing Needs Attention

Comprehension of Subject Matter

All content is accurate and complete and communicates a complete understanding of the topic.

Most of the content is accurate and shows mastery of the topic.

Content shows some flaws and omissions and illustrates only partial knowledge of the topic.

Much of the content is inaccurate and confusing and communicates very little understanding of the topic.

Evidence, Examples, and Explanations

All of the evidence and examples (facts, statistics, and real-life experiences) are specific and relevant. Explanations show how each piece of evidence supports the author’s position.

Many of the examples and pieces of evidence are specific and relevant. Explanations try to show how each piece of evidence supports the author’s position.

At least one piece of evidence or one example is relevant and has an explanation that shows how it supports the author’s position.

Evidence and examples are not relevant and/or are not explained.

Required Format and Elements

Required format and all elements are included in the assignment. Some additional elements are included to enhance the assignment.

Required format and all elements are included in the assignment.

Format does not meet the assignment specifications, and one or two of the required elements are missing.

Format is completely different from the assignment specifications, and more than two elements are missing.

Group Work All of the group members participated completely and enthusiastically, exceeding expectations for the assignment tasks.

All of the group members participated completely, meeting all of the requirements for the assignment tasks.

Most of the group members participated, completing most of the requirements for the assignment tasks.

Some of the group members did not participate, causing the group to miss some of the requirements for the assignment tasks.

Mechanics No grammatical, spelling, or punctuation errors. All sentences are well constructed and vary in structure.

Few grammatical, spelling, or punctuation errors. Most sentences are well constructed, with some variation in sentence structure.

Some grammatical, spelling, or punctuation errors. Most sentences are well constructed, with little variation in sentence structure.

Many grammatical, spelling, or punctuation errors. Most sentences are poorly constructed.




Guide: Business ProposalThis information will help you prepare for the business proposal. You may want to share some of this information with the students before they begin.

In this lesson, students will research their business proposals, choosing a destination within the United States that is suitable for high school students and researching available lodgings. This assignment will be assessed using criteria listed in Teacher Resource 6.4, Rubric: Business Proposal.

It may be helpful to maintain an ongoing list of good websites that are specific to this project. As with all elements of this project, Internet research will be the most effective. If Internet access is not available, students will need print materials (or printed versions of Internet materials) to do their research.

Completing a Business ProposalTo complete the first part of their culminating projects (remember that students will continue to conduct research and add to their projects during the rest of the course), students will complete three steps:

1. Research possible destinations for a high school vacation and choose one.

2. Research green travel tips and available lodgings that are appropriate for that location and for high school students.

3. Write the proposal, which explains why that destination is a good choice, provides green travel tips for that location, identifies a lodging option, and explains why they chose it.

The easiest and most effective way to find this information is to search online, so it is strongly recommended that students use the Internet for their search. If that is impossible, teachers may assign this research as a long-term homework assignment or print research material for the students to use in class.

Where to Look for This InformationStudents can begin by searching for popular destination sites online through the local visitors bureau or the chamber of commerce of their destination city, or in travel books, newspapers, and magazines. Once they select a destination, they can conduct research using the same resources. Travel websites such as Expedia, Travelocity, Orbitz, Lonely Planet, STATravel.com, TripAdvisor, or Hotels.com may also prove useful. Encourage students to contact visitors bureaus so that they can obtain brochures and other written information to help them with their project.

Finding available lodgings might be more difficult. While most travel books will list several places to stay, looking on www.yellowpages.com, http://www.superpages.com, or other online business directories might provide a more inclusive list. Encourage students to choose an accommodation option that has a website. This will make researching the lodging business (such as identifying amenities and cost) easier.

Students will also need to include some green travel tips in their proposal. A list of appropriate websites is provided for them in Student Resource 6.5, Assignment: Business Proposal.


http://www.superpages.com/

http://www.yellowpages.com/



Key Vocabulary: Lodging

Term Definition

continental breakfast

Morning meal served at some hotels; typically includes cereal, toast, juice, and fruit and originally referred to a European style of choosing breakfast foods.

guidebook A resource to help travelers plan vacations and choose hospitality and tourism businesses.

hostel A lodging option designed for budget-conscious travelers, frequently students; typically less expensive, dorm-type settings.

hotel The most common type of lodging; ranges from limited service to luxury, and also can include casinos, resorts, and convention centers.

inn Another name for a bed and breakfast or a small hotel.

innkeepers The people who own or manage a bed and breakfast or small hotel.

minibar A small refrigerator in a hotel room; typically stocked with a range of beverages and snacks.

motel Another name for a highway hotel or roadside hotel. The name is derived from the words motor and hotel.

price range The least expensive option to the most expensive option.

rating A measure of quality, usually expressed in numbers or stars.

resort A lodging option that also offers access to spas, the ocean, ski hills, golf courses, and so forth.




Bibliography: LodgingThe following sources were used in the preparation of this lesson and may be useful for your reference or as classroom resources. We check and update the URLs annually to ensure that they continue to be useful.

Online“Awards.” Travel + Leisure, http://www.travelandleisure.com/travel-awards/ (accessed February 9, 2016).

“Calgary Travel Itineraries.” Visit Calgary, http://www.visitcalgary.com/maps-tools/itineraries (accessed February 9, 2016).

Crislip, Kathleen. “Travel Guidebooks for Budget Travelers.” About.com: Student Travel, http://studenttravel.about.com/od/travelbooksandguides/a/budgetbooks.htm (accessed February 9, 2016).

Daily, Laura. “Understanding Hotel Ratings.” Via: AAA Traveler’s Companion, September/October 2004, http://www.viamagazine.com/travel-tips/making-sense-hotel-ratings (accessed February 9, 2016).

“Frommer’s Favorite Experiences.” Frommer’s, http://www.frommers.com/destinations/london/666711 (accessed February 14, 2014).

“Glossary.” STR Global, http://strglobal.com/resources/glossary/en-gb (accessed February 9, 2016).

“Green Travel: How Green Are Your Travels?” Green Hotels Association, http://greenhotels.com/grntrav.php (accessed February 9, 2016).

“Green Travel 101.” Go Green Travel Green, http://gogreentravelgreen.com/green-travel-101/ (accessed February 9, 2016).

“Hotel Ratings.” STA Travel, http://www.statravel.com/cps/rde/xchg/us_division_web_live/hs.xsl/hotel-ratings.htm (accessed February 9, 2016).

“Lodging Managers.” US Department of Labor: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Outlook Handbook, http://www.bls.gov/ooh/management/lodging-managers.htm#tab-1 (accessed February 9, 2016).

Schlichter, Sarah. “Green Travel Tips.” MSNBC.com, http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/18079740/ (accessed February 9, 2016).


http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/18079740/

http://www.bls.gov/ooh/management/lodging-managers.htm#tab-1

http://www.statravel.com/cps/rde/xchg/us_division_web_live/hs.xsl/hotel-ratings.htm

http://www.statravel.com/cps/rde/xchg/us_division_web_live/hs.xsl/hotel-ratings.htm

http://gogreentravelgreen.com/green-travel-101/

http://greenhotels.com/grntrav.php

http://strglobal.com/resources/glossary/en-gb

http://www.frommers.com/destinations/london/666711

http://www.viamagazine.com/travel-tips/making-sense-hotel-ratings

http://studenttravel.about.com/od/travelbooksandguides/a/budgetbooks.htm

http://www.visitcalgary.com/maps-tools/itineraries

http://www.travelandleisure.com/travel-awards/

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