Laryngeal paralysis (LP)

Laryngeal paralysis (LP) is a condition where the vocal folds of the larynx (voice box) do not work correctly. This is usually caused by a degeneration of the nerve supply to the muscle that opens the vocal folds.

LP is most often seen in older dogs and generally presents as a slow onset condition, characterised by exercise intolerance (tiring after normal exercise) and increased difficulty breathing. These dogs are also sensitive to heat, as dogs normally control their body temperature by panting and any restriction to this panting may affect their ability to control their temperature.

Narrowed opening to the airway due to laryngeal paralysis

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Surgical treatment for laryngeal paralysis

LP is a progressive condition and so early in the disease process the dog may be able to cope with the restricted breathing. If this continues to progress, there comes a stage where conservative management may not be enough.

The surgery for LP involves pulling one of the vocal folds permanently out to the side, to open the airway. This does improve the breathing immediately but it is unlikely that the breathing will every return to normal. There will be a permanent change in the voice and there may also always be some increased sounds when breathing.

The main complication of this surgery is that some of the protective function of the larynx will be lost and this predisposes the dog to aspiration pneumonia. There is a 25% chance that the dog will develop aspiration pneumonia. This is where food particles that would normally be prevented from entering the airway get down on to the lungs. This type of pneumonia will not respond to antibiotics and is usually permanent and may be fatal.

Long term outlook

Surgery is certainly a help with these cases and will reduce the respiratory distress and improve the exercise intolerance in >90% of cases. There are certainly risks with performing the surgery but there is also a good chance of a major improvement in the quality of life of your dog.

Copyright Draper Veterinary Services Centre Inc 2016