Chapter 5. Theodore H. Hubbell. 1956. Some aspects of geographic variation in insects. Pages 71-88. In: Edward A. Steinhaus, Ray F. Smith (editors). Annual Review of Entomology. Volume 1, 466 pages. Stanford, CA: Annual Reviews Inc.

Keywords: subspecies, geographic strains, biotypes, ecotypes, races, the theory and practice of the ‘new systematics’, ‘gamma 1’ taxonomy, evolutionary systematics, the study of geographic variation in insect populations, methods of study, mechanisms, ecophenotypic (individual modification), ecogenotypic (natural selection), typostrophic (marginal isolation), phylosynaptic (natural hybridization), gradual change or gradation or cline, allopatric, sympatric, examples of geographic variations in insects, the micropopulations of Melanoplus puer, uniform clines in Orthoptera, Trachyrhachis kiowa, centripetal clines, allopatric discontinuity, mosaic-discordant integradation, interpretation of geographic variation, microgeographic variation and its taxonomic treatment, clinal variation and clinal gradation, stepped clines and zones of clinal integration, species, subspecies and superspecies, hybridization and mosaic-intergradation, interpretation of evolutionary and faunal history