INDO-NEPAL BORDER PROBLEM AND SOLUTIONS

Dr. ARTI KUMARI

Coordinator, GMS CHINTAMANPUR, E CHAMPARAN, BIHAR, Deptt of

Geography, B.R.A. Bihar University, Muzaffarpur

ABSTRACT

Indo-Nepal border are two sides of the same coin. There is nothings which

differentiates the citizens of both countries except political

identity.Discrimination in religion, nationalisty, castes and creed are very

prominent among the people living both sides of border and it's inviting which

lead various criminals and social activities.

INTRODUCTION

Borders are indeed the razor’s edge on which hang suspended the modern

issues of war or peace, life or death for nations’ Lord Curzon.

Indo-Nepal border are two sides of the same coin. As on today both are

sovereign countries in the political set up of the globe but are very much one as

per public psyche. Both remained one in culture, religion, customs, traditions

and langues. There is nothing which differentiates the citizens of both countries

except political identity. Everything affecting them in any way as one. And this

feeling of oneness makes us one nationality although living in two nations.

KEYWORDS

INDO-NEPAL, social, both sa,

LOCATION

Indo- Nepal border extends between 80 degree 15 minutes and 88

degree 10 minutes east longitudes and more than 830 kms. In east-west

direction,

OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

which provides ample scope for smuggling, fake currency, exchange of

narcotics and various anti-national activities. The major grouge of people

living in other sides of the countries walk across the border to avoid arrest and

publishment. All these activities creat serious problems and great challenges to

both the countries.

The indo-nepal border is an open international border running between india

and Nepal. The 1751 km long border includes the himlayan territories as well

as indo-gangatic plain. The current border was determined after the sugawli

treaty of 1816 between Nepal and the british raj.

WHY IS INDIA NEPAL BORDER OPEN NOW?

Although there are some regulations at the main checkpoint. The india -nepal

border is open and there are many places through which people can just walk

back. From 1962 onwards the Indian government forwarded their disagreement

that the border should be based on ridge lines of the mountain of om parwat.

Nepal has updated its political

map and created a controversy by including the Indian areas of

kalapani,lipulekh and limpiya dhura on its territory. The lipulekh pan route

used to be an ancient access route to mansarovar pilgrimage.but after the 1962

aggression by china it had been closed by india.

1950 INDO-NEPAL TREATY OF PEACE AND FRIENDSHIP-

The 1950 Indo- Nepal treaty of peace and friendship between the government

of india and government of Nepal is a lateral treaty between Nepal and india

establishing a close strategic relationship between the two south Asian

neighbours.the treaty was signed at Kathmandu on 31july 1950. The treaty

allows free movement of people and goods between the two nations and close

relationship and collaboration on matters of defense and foreign policy.

Major border crossings the Integrated Check Posts (ICP) for processing the

cargo customs and immigration entry for citizens of third countries.

Major crossings from west to east.

Banbasa in Champawat district, Uttarakhand, India - Kanchanpur District,

Sudurpashchim Pradesh, Nepal

Rupaidiha in Bahraich district, Uttar Pradesh - Nepalganj in Banke District,

Nepal

Sonauli in Maharajganj district, Uttar Pradesh, India - Siddharthanagar in

Rupandehi District, Nepal

Raxaul in East Champaran district, Bihar, India - Birgunj, Nepal (also known

as Gateway of Nepal)

Jogbani in Araria district, Bihar, India - Biratnagar, Nepal

Panitanki in Darjeeling district, West Bengal, India - Kakarbhitta, Nepal

Since there are no fences at the India–Nepal border there are several smaller

official and unofficial border crossings. Smaller official border crossings are

known as Chhoti Bhansar (Minor Customs) in Nepalese language.

Uttarakhand

There are following crossings, from west to east, in Uttarakhand state of India:

Jhulaghat in Pithoragarh district - Mahakali in Baitadi District, Nepal

Uttar Pradesh

There are following crossings, from west to east, in Uttar Pradesh (UP) state of

India:

Gauriphanta in Lakhimpur Kheri district - Dhangadi, Nepal

Murtiha in Lakhimpur Kheri district - Gulariya, Bardiya, Nepal

Tal Baghaura in Shravasti district - Laxmanpur, Nepal

Tulsipur in Balrampur district - Koilabas, Nepal

Barhani Bazar in Siddharthnagar district - Krishnanagar, Nepal

Bihar

There are following crossings, from west to east, in Bihar state of India:

Bhikhna Thori in West Champaran district - Thori in Parsa District, Nepal

Pipraun in Madhubani district - Jatahi-Nagarain in Dhanusa District Nepal

Bhimnagar in Supaul district - Bhantabari-Haripur in Sunsari District, Nepal

(via Kosi barrage)

Amgachhi in Araria district - Rangeli in Morang District, Nepal

Baria (Bairia bazar) in Kishanganj district - Gauriganj in Jhapa District, Nepal

Bairgania in Sitamarhi district - Gaur in Rautahat District, Nepal

Sonbarsa in Sitamarhi district - Malangwa in Sarlahi District, Nepal

Bhittamore in Sitamarhi district - Jaleshwor in Mahottari District Nepal

Jainagar in Madhubani district - Inarwa Phulbariya in Saptari District, Nepal

West Bengal

There are following crossings, from west to east, in West Bengal state of India:

Mirik in Darjeeling district - Pashupatinagar, Ilam, Nepal

 

Factorial analysis reveals that a number of such crimes and antinational

activities are increasing day by day. People living on the border forgetting the

feeling of oneness. Apart from these it is inferred that the number and forms of

criminal and anti-national activities will increase on and around the border and

its environs for which I think the following factors are responsible…………

MODERNITY AND UNEMPOLYMENT

Impact of modernity and unemployment among youth creat mental

imbalance and tend criminal tendencies like smuggling, band dacaiti, fack

currency, intoxication exchange of narcotics products, kidnapping and other

anti-social and anti national activities.

DISCRIMINATING NORMS

Discrimination in religion, national, castes and creed are very prominent

among the people living both sides of border and its invirons which lead

various criminals and anti-social activities.

FAMILY NORMS

It surveyed that joint family indicate higher frequency of crimes than

small family. Institutional family shares 1.8 percentage out of the local family

where criminals find shalter. Families of border areas and its invirons are

highly affected to this norms.

EDUCATION NORMS

Prevailing education system and examination patterns in either sides of

the boder lead to certain crimes and this literacy has a definite correlation with

criminal tendency. This literacy give rise to problems of unemployment and

criminals activities.

POPULATION EXPLOSION

Due to over population poverty, lack of security and other infrastructure

in villages, urbanization is increasing fastly which has give rise to various

criminals activities, boders are mostly affected to this norms.

DRINKING AND PROHIBITION

Though prohibition stands, however, many shopes of drinking and

narcotics materials are exist or active on the border, consequently various types

criminals and anti-national activities occur.

ARRIVAL OF TOURISTS

Round the year tourists on the way to visit places of interest both in

India and in Nepal break their journey on the towns. They bring smuggled

items with them and sell here. These acts effect the youth of the boder towns

and lead to various types of criminals and anti-national activities.

Apart from these plenty of beggers and beggary and political set up also

lead to criminals and anti-national activities on the border.

RESULT AND SUGGESTIONS

Above mentioned problems on the Indo-Nepal border are alarming and

signal to a serious border problems.

Law generally are regulatory and punitive and may be reformatory to

some extent but not the solution of the problems. Solution lies in the soul

which is pure and nothing else conceptual knowledge of crimes and its legal

implications are prerequisite to the upliftment of the society and the peoleliving

on the border. However, the following measures would go along way in

reshaping the society and to solve the border problems.

INDO-NEPAL BORDER – PROBLEM AND SOLUTIONS

Society should invoke the old tradition of out-casting the persons of

criminal character to desist them from committing crimes. Criminal justice

system requires to be suitable amended for speedy trial of cases. Delay gives

rise to revenge and an unending chain of crime starts. Those who do not get

punished timely become emboldened to repeat the performance. Employment

opportunities require to be enhanced to give no room idleness. Population

requires to be controlled and planned. Vocational education requires to be

imparted to school and college of the border areas. Social laws and legal laws

be stricter and implemented property.

JUSTIFICATION OF THE STUDY

Award of punishment is a must in the larger interest of the society.

Psychology of the massages need reorientation. Cource of action on the

basis of mass knowledge effect, reason and foresight be affected. Cure

centre forchild crime established for diversion of their mental attitude into

constructive channel. Emotion stability, maturity habits and understanding

among the masses be brought thourgh moral preactings and bulicity. Strong

punishment over illegal material gain be affected.

METHODOLOGY

Emulation be created in respect of advertisement and business

complitions Character building forces be generated. Vigilance and inspection

over crimes be geared up in right perspective. Ban on unsocial practice be

imposed. The internation agreement for no man’s land be reviewed.

SOURCES OF DATA

Both primary and secondary data and information will be collected in

course of research work to authenticate the study and to introduce development

plan in the regin. The indo Nepal news paper. Data and information will be

collected by Indian ammbesy.

CONCLUSSIONS

Apart from all these suggestions last but not the least I would like

tosay reformation of soul is the solution those who reform the soul

become social reformers to reform the society, adhere to the line of truth

and non-voilance activities of such reformers keep the human behaviour

neat and clean to check the crimes of all types. People of the higher

ladder in society are required to become social reformers by purifying

their soul, so that their preaching in speech and practice become a model

to be copied by others to solves the crimes and problems of all types. So

solution lies in soul and everyone can contribute his bit by taking path of

peace and non-voilence.

Reference :

1. India and nepals slow motion border dispute 2020.

2. Panta,S,D 200. Nepal India border problems, Dr. shastra Dutta pant

institute for rural Development Kathmandu.

3. Nepal parliament approves new map that includes land india claim,

India today,19 june 2020.

4. Education in world hunger – Dr. S.N. Prasad

5. Indo-Nepal relation – P.R. Paswan (I.P.S.)

6. pEikj.k dh HkkSxksfyd fLFkfr & vt; ukFk fxfjA 7. Political Geography- Harish Chandra Prasad

8. Nepal parliament moves to approve new map. The Times of india. 10

june 2020.