POST ASSESSMENT STUDY GUIDE(A day: Friday, May 23 B day: Tuesday, May 27)

SCIENTIFIC METHODDefine the following words: (Hint: Use your foldable!!)

1. Independent Variable (IV): This is the variable that “I” change.

2. Dependent Variable (DV): This is the variable that is affected by the independent variable being changed.

3. Constant: stays the same throughout the experiement.

4. Hypothesis: ALWAYS in an “If, then” statement!!! Formatted as: “If (insert IV), then (insert DV). This is YOUR educated guess on how an experiment will turn out.

5. Quantitative Observation: An observation using numbers. Example: I have five fingers on my hand. Because we are talking about a number, this observation is a quantitative.

6. Qualitative Observation: An observation using your senses. What do you see, smell, touch, taste, or hear? Example: Your shirt is red. Because I’m seeing the color of your shirt, this is a qualitative observation.

In the following example, identify the independent and dependent variables, the constants and then write a hypothesis based on what you found.

I love putting together jigsaw puzzles, so I decided that I wanted to see how long it would take kids of different ages to put together a 36-piece jigsaw puzzle. I will give each kid the same puzzle and time each of them to see how long it takes each kid to finish putting together the jigsaw puzzle.

Independent Variable (IV): different ages

Dependent Variable (DV): how long it takes to complete the puzzle

Constants: same puzzle

36-pieces

Same timer

Hypothesis: If the kids are older in age, then they will complete the puzzle faster.

Use the following picture to define the difference between Qualitative and Quantitative observations. You can use examples to help you define.

Qualitative observations: gray, has tusks, big ears, long tail, long trunk, etc.

Quantitative observations: one trunk, one tail, two ears, two tusks, four legs, two eyes, etc.

MATTERDIRECTIONS: Fill in the blank with the missing vocabulary word.

1. Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space.

2. A compound is matter that is made when two or more elements combine chemically.

3. An element is matter made up of only one type of atom.

4. The periodic table is a chart that organizes elements by the number of protons in each atom.

5. A chemical equation is symbols and numbers that tell what elements are in a compound and their ratios.

6. Mixtures are substances that are put together but do not form a compound.

7. The three types of particles in an atom are proton, neutron and electron.

8. An atom is the basic unit of an element and the building block of all matter.

9. A compound is when two or more atoms combine chemically and share electrons from their outer shells to form a new substance.

10. Rows that go from left to right across the periodic table are periods.

11. An atom of an element with additional neutrons is called an isotope.

DIRECTIONS: Are the following changes Chemical (C) or Physical (P)?

15. Breaking glass P 19. Melting chocolate C

16. Mixing vinegar and milk C 20. Digesting food C

17. Cutting your hair P 21. Chewing food P

18. Putting water in the freezer P 22. Burning paper C

Directions: Answer the following questions. When counting number of atoms in a chemical formula remember to use the steps:

1. Break apart your elements and write them separately.2. Find the number of atoms that each element has.3. IF there are parentheses, find your number of atoms inside the

parentheses first. IF there are NO parentheses, SKIP this step.

4. IF there are parentheses, multiply everything inside of the parentheses by the subscript outside. IF there are no parentheses, SKIP this step.

5. Add up your total number of atoms.

23. How many elements are in the following chemical formula? Two (Al and O)

Al2O3

24. How many atoms are in the following chemical formula? 3 (Mg has 1 and Cl has 2)

MgCl2

25. How many atoms are in the following chemical formula? 14

(NH4)2CO3

LOOK OVER YOUR PERIODIC TABLE AND KNOW HOW TO FIND THE FOLLOWING:

ELEMENT NAME

CHEMICAL SYMBOL

# OF PROTONS

# OF NEUTRONS

# OF PARTICLES IN

NUCLEUS

# OF ELECTRONS

11.Bromine

Br35 44 79 35

12.Neon Ne 10 10 20 10

13.Lithium

Li3 4 7 3

14. ScandiumSc 21 44 45 21

WATERVOCABULARY ACTION!

1. Adhesion is the property of water that allows water molecules to stick to other polar substances that are not water.

2. Solubility is the amount of a substance that will dissolve a given amount of another substance.

3. Surface Tension is a “skin” or “film” that forms on the surface of a liquid and allows water striders to walk on it.

4. The temperature at which a liquid changes into a gas is its boiling point.

5. When a solid changes directly into a gas this is called sublimation.

6. Solute is a substance that has dissolved in another substance.

7. Cohesion is the property of water that allows water molecules to stick to other water molecules.

8. Cohesion allows a “dome” to form when water is dropped onto a coin.

9. Capillary Action allows water to move against the flow of gravity and upward through the roots of trees and flowers.

10. Surfactant is a substance that affects surface tension.

11. When heat energy is added or removed, it causes a change in the state of matter.

12. The freezing and melting of water occur at the same temperature.

13. If an unknown substance dissolves in water, the substance is polar.

14. The property of water that allows it to move up a straw is called capillary action

APPLY YOUR KNOWLEDGE!

15. If the density of water is 1 g/mL, how do you know if something will sink or float just by looking at the object’s density? Give 2 examples of objects that would sink and why. Give 2 examples of objects that would float and why.- An object will sink in water if its density is greater than 1 g/mL. An

object will float in water if its density is greater than 1 g/mL.- Floating Examples

1. Paper clip because its density is less than 1 g/mL2. Ice cube because the air that fills in between the molecules

creates a density less than 1 g/mL.- Sinking Examples

1. Penny because its density is more than 1 g/mL2. Rock because its density is more than 1 g/mL

16. Describe why water is important to life. Give at least 3 reasons that incorporate the properties of water you have learned in class.

1. Water can exist in all 3 states of matter2. Water makes up about 65% of the Earth and all living

things need it to survive3. Water is the universal solvent

17. Describe the Drops on a Penny lab that you conducted in class. What was your:

a. Independent variable: amount of drops on a pennyb. Dependent variable: amount of water the penny can hold

c. Hypothesis: IF I put drops of water on a penny one at a time, THEN the penny will hold 17 drops of water. (Your hypothesis is YOUR educated guess, this is an example).

d. Constants:1. Penny tails up2. Same pipette 3. Same beaker

18. Think back to when we learned about capillary action in class and the example we gave with water flowing up the roots of a plant/tree. Describe this process and why it is an example of capillary action.- The attraction of water molecules to other water molecules causes

the water to move upward through the roots of a tree or a plant. Since the molecules move against the flow of gravity, this is an example of capillary action.

19. What is the formula for calculating density? D = M/V. Use this formula to help you answer the following: SHOW ALL OF YOUR WORK.

Mass = 45 grams 45 g/5 mL

Volume = 5 mL

Density = 9 g/mL

20. Identify the following items as either adhesion (A) or cohesion (C)

A water clinging to windshield of a carC water droplets combining with other water

dropletsA water sticking to the inside of a water bottleA water sticking to the skin on your fingersC water molecules on the surface of water being drawn

inwardC water forming a domeA water clinging to a paper towel

21. Identify the following terms with their correct state of matter by placing an S (solid), L (liquid), or G (gas) on the line next to the term. Some terms can be used more than once.

L weak bonds between molecules

S, L, G takes up space

L spread in the direction of gravity

L, G has no definite shape

S, L has definite volume

S molecules form a crystal lattice

G molecular movement is greatest

G spreads in all directions

S, L, G has mass

DRAW IT OUT!

22. Draw a picture of a water molecule. Label each element with its charge.

23. Draw a picture of water molecules in each of its three states.

H + H +

O -

24. Draw a picture of water molecules “attaching” to each other. Explain why this happens.

- The polarity of water molecules means that the positive ends (Hydrogen) are attracted to the negative end (Oxygen) of other water molecules. These ends “attach” to one another due to their strong attraction.

25. Draw a picture of salt being dissolved in a beaker of water. Label the 3 parts.

Salt is the SOLUTE

26. Why does ice float on water? Draw a picture to help explain your answer. Explain what this means in terms of density.

- Ice floats on water because the air that fills up in between the water molecules in the solid state creates a lesser density than if the water molecules were packed tightly together without any air. The air in the ice makes ice’s density less than the 1 g/mL of water.

27. Draw a picture of a meniscus in a graduated cylinder. What property of water causes the formation of the meniscus? Label your drawing to help with your explanation.- The formation of the meniscus is due to capillary action. Capillary action is the combination

of cohesion and adhesion. The cohesion of water molecules create the film or skin on the surface of the water in the graduated cylinder. The adhesion of water molecules to the glass graduated cylinder attaches to the sides of the graduated cylinder.

WEATHER

Disturbances

Match the following definitions of disturbances with their name and picture.

1. This disturbance has heavy rain a. storms accompanied by thunder Tornadoand lightning.

2. This disturbance is a tropical storm b. with strong winds. Drought

3. This disturbance is a rapidly whirling

Water is the SOLVENT

The SOLUTE and the SOLVENT create a SOLUTION

funnel shaped cloud that reaches down c. Thunderstormfrom a storm cloud to touch Earth’s surface.

4. This disturbance is a long period of d. Hurricanetime without precipitation.

Key Characteristics of Disturbances

Hurricanes: considered to be the most devastating and can cause the most damage. They require warm ocean water as an energy source. Hurricanes in the Northern Hemisphere rotate

in a counterclockwise direction. Hurricanes in the Southern Hemisphere rotate in a clockwise direction. The eye is an area of clear skies in the center of a hurricane.

Tornadoes: come from severe thunderstorms called super cells. They are most likely to occur in spring and summer. Tornadoes are rated in categories of F0-F5 which are based on wind speed. Most tornadoes that happen in the United States

occur in an area called “Tornado Alley”. Tornado Alley consists of north-central Texas across central Oklahoma, Kansas, and Nebraska. Tornadoes most often occur here due to warm, moist air from the Gulf of Mexico frequently moving over the region from the south. The warm air from the south collides with cool air from the north, mostly Canada, and the dry air from the Rockies. The collision of air mass triggers strong thunderstorms that begin rotating to form tornadoes.

Thunderstorms: form within large cumulonimbus clouds or thunderheads. Warm air is forced upward at a cold front. Lightning comes from thunderstorm clouds and is the flow of

electricity. Thunder also comes from thunderstorm clouds. Thunderstorms

can develop into super cells, which are a storm that produces severe weather, sometimes tornadoes.

Droughts: can occur almost anywhere on Earth. Jet stream pattern changes and causes unusual weather of less (or more) precipitation. Droughts can cause entire crops to fail. In less developed counties it can cause widespread hunger or famine.

THE SUN

is responsible for weather phenomena such as blizzards, tornadoes, hurricanes, winds, clouds, fronts, and rainstorms.

transfers energy in the form of electromagnetic waves. three types of radiation that come from the sun are visible, infrared,

and ultraviolet. the equator is always heated more by the sun than the North and

South poles. the Earth is heated unevenly by the sun. This is due to the angle of

incidence. the sun uses radiation as its form of heat transfer.

GREENHOUSE EFFECT is a natural occurrence that helps to keep the Earth at a temperature so life can survive.

EARTH’S ENERGY BUDGET

*** know what percentages contribute to the parts of the budget.

WATER CYCLE

The sun drives all weather on Earth.

Water is always moving between the atmosphere and surface of Earth. The amount of water on our planet is the same compared to billions of

years ago. Most of water on Earth is found in the oceans, which are the biggest

bodies of water on Earth. Areas near large bodies of water tend to have less extreme

temperature fluctuations. Humidity is measured using a hygrometer and reported using

percents. Precipitation

o There are 4 main types of precipitation: rain, sleet, hail, and snow.

Rain- is by far the most common type of precipitation. Rain takes place when drops of liquid water fall all the way to the surface of the Earth. Drizzle is a form of rain made of small raindrops and freezing rain is raindrops that freeze when they reach a surface that is at or below the freezing point.

Sleet-Raindrops that freeze on their way down. Unlike snow, the raindrops pass through a liquid form before freezing.

Hail-Comes from cumulonimbus clouds in warm. Hail begins as ice pellets that are bounced up and down by violent air drafts in the cloud. As the ice is bounced up and down in the cloud, layers of ice are added to the outside, and they grow in size until

they become too heavy and they fall to the Earth.

Snow- pieces of tiny ice come together to form a snowflake. They come in difference sizes and shapes. Snow is very

The main parts of the water cycle you will be expected to know about.

important to agriculture and water storage. In the winter, snow comes from cumulus and stratus-type clouds.

o Precipitation from clouds will either stay on the ground as surface run-off or infiltrate into the ground as groundwater.

o Scientists use a rain gauge to measure how much rain has fallen and report the amount of rain in inches.

Surface Runoff is precipitation that forms and flows over the land surface; it flows toward sea level.

Groundwater is water under the Earth’s surface that occurs when precipitation seeps down through the soil.

Evaporationo The process of liquid water becoming water vapor through the

water being heated by radiation from the sun. The water vapor rises up into the air.

Transpirationo The process where plants release water vapor into the air.

Condensationo The process where water vapor is cooled down and becomes

liquid water, causing the formation of clouds.

CLOUDS

Cirrus Cloudso Are found in high elevations. They are made up of ice crystals

and are thin, wispy clouds blown in high winds into long streamers that often look like horsetails. Cirrus clouds are usually white and predict fair to pleasant weather. By watching the movement of cirrus clouds you can tell from which direction weather is approaching. When you see cirrus clouds, it usually indicates that a change in the weather will occur within 24 hours.

Cumulus Cloudso Are white, puffy clouds that look like heaps of floating cotton.

These clouds are found at low to medium elevation. Cumulus clouds are often called "fair-weather clouds". These clouds grow upward and they can develop into giant cumulonimbus clouds, which are thunderstorm clouds.

Stratus Cloudso Are found at low to medium elevation, often grayish clouds that

often cover the entire sky. Fog is a form of a stratus cloud. Light mist or drizzle sometimes falls out of these clouds.

Clouds are developed in the air due to the process of condensation. When warm air rises, it expands and cools. Cool air can't hold as much water vapor as warm air, so some of the vapor condenses onto tiny pieces of dust, pollen, smoke, etc. that are floating in the air and forms a tiny droplet around each dust particle. When billions of these droplets come together they become a visible cloud.

THINK BACK

In class, we conducted a lab that measured the Sun’s effect on two different surfaces—sand and water. We found through our collection of data that the sand was heated and cooled faster than water. Look back to your lab on WHY this happened so that you can explain.

AIR COMPOSITION

• Air is a mixture of gases. Nitrogen (78%) is the most abundant gas in our air. Oxygen makes up 21% and the remaining 1% is other gases such as carbon dioxide, neon, argon, methane, etc.

AIR MASSES

When a large bubble of air remains over a specific area of Earth long enough to take on the temperature and humidity characteristics of that region, an air mass forms. For example, when a mass of air sits over a warm ocean it becomes warm and moist. Air masses are named for the type of surface over which they formed.

Tropical = warm Polar = cold Continental = over land = dry Maritime = over ocean = moist

These four basic terms are combined to describe four different types of air masses.

Continental polar = cool dry = cP Continental tropical = warm dry = cTMaritime polar = cool moist = mP Maritime tropical = warm moist = mT

The United States is influenced by each of these air masses. During winter, an even colder air mass occasionally enters the northern U.S. This bitterly cold continental arctic (cA) air mass is responsible for record setting cold temperatures.Notice in the central U.S. and Great Lakes region how continental polar (cP), cool dry air from central Canada, collides with maritime tropical (mT), warm moist air from the Gulf of Mexico.

Continental polar and maritime tropical air masses are the most dominant air masses in our area and are responsible for much of the weather we experience.

FRONTS

Warm Front Cold Front

Warm air mass meets Cold air mass overtakes && rises above cold air mass pushes under warm air mass

Slow, steady rain Heavy rains, andViolent thunderstorms

Hot, humid weather follows Fair, cool weather follows

LAYERS OF THE EARTH’S ATMOSPHERE

The Earth's atmosphere is divided up into 5 major layers:

Exosphere - The last layer and the thinnest. It goes all the way to 10,000 km above the Earth's surface.

Thermosphere - The thermosphere is next and the air is very thin here. Temperatures can get extremely hot in the thermosphere.

Mesosphere - The mesosphere covers the next 50 miles beyond the stratosphere. This is where most meteors burn up upon entry. The coldest place on Earth is at the top of the mesosphere.

Stratosphere - The stratosphere extends for the next 32 miles after the troposphere. Unlike the troposphere the stratosphere gets its heat by the Ozone Layer absorbing radiation from the sun. As a result, it gets warmer the further away you get from the Earth. Weather balloons go as high as the stratosphere.

Troposphere - The troposphere is the layer next to the ground or surface of the Earth. It covers around 30,000-50,000 feet high. This is where we live and even where planes fly. Around 80% of the mass of the atmosphere is in the troposphere. The troposphere is heated by the surface of the Earth.

WEATHER TOOLS

Thermometer: measures the temperature of the air in degrees. There are two scales on a thermometer – Fahrenheit and Celsius.

Wind/Weather Vane: measures the direction from which the wind is blowing. Direction is measured in North, East, South, and West.

Hygrometer: measures humidity (the amount of water vapor in the air) in percent.

Rain Gauge: measures the amount of rain that has fallen in inches.

Barometer: measures air pressure in millibars (mb).

Anemometer: measures wind speed in meters per second, or knots.

SPACEOur Solar System

1. What is the mnemonic device YOU use to remember the order of the planets? There is no one right answer. My Very Educated Mother Just Served Us Nachos is ONE example.

2. List the planets in order starting with the planet that is closest to the sun as #1

1 Mercury7 Uranus3 Earth6 Saturn5 Jupiter8 Neptune2 Venus4 Mars

3. Which planets are the inner planets? Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars

4. Which planets are the outer planets? Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune

5. What is unique about Mercury and Venus?

Mercury and Venus do not have any moons because they are too close to the sun.

6. Why does Neptune take the longest time to revolve around the sun?

Neptune takes the longest time to revolve around the sun because it is the furthest planet from the sun.

7. Why does Mercury take the shortest times to revolve around the sun?

Mercury takes the shortest time to revolve around the sun because it is the closest planet to the sun.

8. Which planets have rings? Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune

9. The inner planets have a rocky composition.

10. The outer planets have a gaseous composition

List at least 3 characteristics that only describe the inner planets.

Rocky Terrestrial Closest to the sun Shorter time to revolve around the sun Do not all have moons

11. List at least 3 characteristics that only describe the outer planets.

Gas giants Jovian Further away from the sun Longer time to revolve around the sun All have moons

12. List at least 3 characteristics that describe both the inner AND outer planets. (What do they have in common or the same?)

All revolve around the sun in an elliptical path called an orbit All rotate on their axis All revolve in a counterclockwise direction All have gravity All are spherical (circular) in shape

13. The asteroid belt lies between which two planets? Mars and Jupiter

14. Which planet is the largest planet in our universe? Jupiter.

15. Which planet is the smallest planet in our universe? Mercury.

16. List or explain why Pluto is now called a dwarf planet.

Pluto is now called a dwarf planet because it cannot clear its orbit.

17. All of the planets revolve around the sun in a counterclockwise direction.

18. The elliptical path the planets revolve in is called an orbit.

19. Explain the difference between revolution and rotation.

Revolution is when the planets move in an orbit around the sun.

Rotation is when a planet spins on its axis.

20. Fill out the chart below with the characteristics of the following objects in space.

OBJECT IN SPACE CHARACTERISTICSAsteroid

Rocky objects, measuring millimeters to kilometers in diameter, generally orbit the sun

CometA frozen ball of ice, dust, and gases that orbits the sun

MeteorA shooting star, observed when a particle of dust enters into the Earth's atmosphere.

MeteoriteAn object from Outer Space, such as a rock, that falls into the Earth and lands on its surface.

MeteoroidAn object from Outer Space, such as a rock, that falls into the Earth and lands on its surface.

ASTRONOMERS

Use the word bank to complete questions 22-

21. This scientist developed a telescope that enlarged objects in space 20 times to see the moons revolving around Jupiter. Galileo

22. This man was considered to be the “grandfather of science” and believed that the Earth was in the center of our solar system. Aristotle

23. This man believed that the Sun was in the middle of the solar system and the first scientist to make this “radical” theory public. Copernicus

24. This man used his observations and math (geometry) to predict the movement of planets; believed the Earth was in the middle of the solar system. Ptolemy

25. These two scientists believed in the heliocentric theory Copernicus and Galileo

26. These two scientists believed in the geocentric theory Aristotle and Ptolemy

DISTANCE IN SPACE

27. Most of space is empty space.

28. Why did scientists need to invent a new unit of measurement for distance in space?

Distance in space was too large and vast to use our units of measurement so they had to create a completely new unit of measurement.

Aristotle Galileo Copernicus Ptolemy

29. One Astronomical Unit (AU) is equal to the average distance between Earth and the Sun.

30. Which planets are one or fewer AU’s from the sun? Mercury, Venus, and Earth

31. Which planets are more than one AU from the sun? Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune

32. What happens to the distances between the planets as they get further away from the sun? The distances between the planets get bigger as the planets get further away from the sun.

33. Number the following items from largest (#1) to smallest (#4).

4 constellation1 universe2 galaxy3 solar system

SEASONS, TIDES, AND MOON PHASES

34. Which part of the Earth receives the most direct sunlight? The equator

35. Earth’s rotation on its axis causes day and night.

36. What does “dark side of the moon” refer to?

On Earth, we only see one side of the moon. The dark side of the moon refers to the side that we never see here on Earth.

37. The part of Earth that is tilted toward the Sun is the Northern Hemisphere and experiences summer.

38. The part of Earth that is tilted away from the sun is the Southern Hemisphere and experiences winter?

39. Use the picture below to label the moon phases.

A. New Moon E. Full MoonB. Waxing Crescent F. Waning GibbousC. 1st Quarter G. 3rd QuarterD. Waxing Gibbous H. Waning Crescent

40. What causes moon phases? Reflection of sun’s light as the moon revolves around the Earth.

41. The rising and falling of the ocean water levels on the face of Earth are called tides.

42. If you experience a high tide at 9 am, when would the next low tide occur? 3 p.m. When would the next high tide occur? 9 p.m.

43. In the illustration below, the Sun, Earth, and Moon form a right angle. What type of tide is produced? Neap tide

44. Shade and label the phase of each moon in the illustration.

45. In the illustration below, the Sun, Earth, and Moon form a straight line. What type of tide is produced? Spring tide

46. Shade and label the phase of each moon in the illustration.

Additional Information You Will Need to Study Include: Scientific Method

o IV, DV, Constants, and Hypothesis Space Exploration in Order

ENERGYENERGY AND THE TWO MAIN TYPES

47. Energy is the ability to do work or cause change and occurs in many forms.

48. The two main types of energy are potential energy and kinetic energy.

49. Define Potential Energy: Potential energy is stored energy or energy at rest. Potential energy can be increased or decreased due to position or condition.

50. Which skier (A, B, or C) has more potential energy in the picture below? Skier C has the most potential energy because he/she has the ability to fall further.

51. Define Kinetic Energy:

Kinetic energy is energy of motion or movement. Anything in motion has kinetic energy. Kinetic energy can be increased or decreased due to potential energy increasing or decreasing.

52. The amount of kinetic energy a moving object has depends on its mass and its speed.

53. In each of the following pairs, CIRCLE which would have more kinetic energy rolling down a hill:

a. A marble or a boulderb. A beach ball or a bowling ballc. A toy car or a Hummerd. WHY did you choose the ones you circled? These objects have

more mass so they will have more kinetic energy rolling down a hill.

54. In the picture below, when does the swinger have the most potential energy? The swinger has the most potential energy at the A position. When does the swinger have the most kinetic energy? The swinger has the most potential energy at the B position. When does the swinger switch from potential to kinetic energy? The swinger switches from potential to kinetic energy as she reaches the top of her swing (potential to kinetic) and the bottom of her swing (kinetic to potential).

AB

C

55. If an object has more potential energy, how does this affect that object’s kinetic energy? If an object’s potential energy increases, the object’s kinetic energy will also increase.

FORMS OF ENERGY (SCREAM H)

56. What is the definition of Sound energy? Sound energy is the movement of sound waves caused by vibrations.Example(s) of sound energy: Playing the guitar, violin, singing, etc.

57. What is the definition of Chemical energy? Chemical energy is stored in atoms and molecules and released in chemical reactions that usually produce heat. Example(s) chemical energy: batteries, biomass, coal, petroleum.

58. What is the definition of Radiant energy? Radiant energy is light energy that travels through electromagnetic waves. Example of radiant energy: the sun, a flashlight, light bulbs, etc.

59. What is the definition of Electrical energy? Electrical energy is the movement of electrons through conductors that transfers from potential (stored) energy to kinetic (motion) energy typically when plugged into an electrical outlet. Electrical energy gives us electricity. Example of electrical energy: a hair dryer, a toaster, a vacuum, etc.

60. What is the definition of Atomic energy? Atomic energy is energy stored in the nucleus of an atom. The two ways to release

atomic energy are through fusion (combining atoms to make a new atom) and fission (splitting an atom into two separate atoms). Example of atomic energy: nuclear power plants, turbines, etc.

61. What is the definition of Mechanical energy? Mechanical energy is the sum of kinetic and potential energy in an object that is used to do work. In other words, it is energy in an object due to its motion or position, or both.

Example of mechanical energy: pushing open a door (human has the potential energy to do work and the kinetic energy is the actual pushing of the door).

62. What is the definition of Heat energy? Heat energy is energy that deals with temperature. Forms of heat energy include conduction, convection, and radiation.Example of heat energy: (conduction) a pot sitting on a hot burner

(convection) macaroni rising and falling in a pot of

boiling water(radiation) lying out in the sun to get a tan

Write the form(s) of energy shown in the pictures below.

63. Mechanical Energy

64. Electrical Energy

65. Sound Energy (also mechanical energy if you are looking at the drummer)

66. Atomic Energy

67. Heat Energy (conduction)

68. Chemical Energy

69. Radiant Energy

Energy Transformations

70. The Law of Conservation of Energy states: Energy cannot be created or destroyed, it can only be transformed.

71. The streak of lightning is a form of electrical energy that transforms into light energy and/or sound energy.

72. When you turn a flashlight on, you are transforming chemical and/or mechanical energy into radiant energy.

73. Turning on the television is a form of electrical/mechanical/chemical (if using the remote) energy that transforms into light energy and/or sound energy.

74. A roller coaster sitting at the top of a hill has potential energy that is transformed into kinetic energy as it comes rushing down the hill.

75. A blow dryer is a form of electrical energy that transforms into heat energy and/or sound energy.

76. Fireworks are a form of chemical energy that transform into sound energy, radiant energy, and/or heat energy.

Identify the following examples as conduction, convection, or radiation.

77. Ice in a soft drink melts due to radiation

78. A person placing their hands over a fire radiation

79. Picking up a hot cup of coffee conduction

80. Boiling an egg in water convection

81. A pot touching a hot stove conduction

82. Putting your wet shoes on a floor vent to dry them faster convection

83. Using a heating blanket to get warm conduction

84. A small heater heating a bathroom radiation

85. A cold blooded reptile warming itself from the sun radiation

86.

SCIENTIFIC METHOD87. If you have ever been shot with a rubber band then you know it

has energy in it, enough energy to smack you in the arm and cause a sting! But just how much energy does a rubber band have? In this

experiment you will be investigating how the stretching of a rubber band affects the amount of energy that springs out of it.

IV: how much you stretch the rubber bandDV: amount of energy that springs out of rubber bandHypothesis: IF I stretch the rubber band more, THEN there will be more energy that springs out of the rubber bandConstants (3): same rubber band used

Same person testing Same measurement tool (ruler)

GRAPHINGTitle Format: The effect of the “insert IV” on the “insert DV”.

y axis

Dependent

Variable

Independent Variable x axis

0