Year 7 Independent Learning Booklet Summer Term 2

Did the monarchy lose control, 1500-1700?

What is the monarchy like today?

Weekly schedule:1st-5th June: Activities 1 and 2

8th-12th June: Activity 3

15th-19th June: Activities 4a and 4b

22nd-26th June: Activities 5 and 6

29th June – 3rd July: Activities 7a and 7b

6th-10th July: Activities 8a and 8b

13th-17th July: Activities 9a, 9b and 10

1

Activity 1: Recapping knowledge: Changes to the Church and Causes of the English Civil War

1a) What was the Reformation? Fill in the gaps using the words below.In 1517 a German monk called Martin __________ decided to try to reform the Church and make these changes to improve the way it ran. This was because:1. Many people were unhappy with the Church. They said that many ________ weren’t very good at their

jobs.2. People didn’t think that everything should be written and spoken in _________, as most ordinary people

couldn’t ________________ it. 3. The Church was taking ________ from people and keeping it for themselves instead of giving it to the

______. This letting people buy forgiveness from God after _________________ their sins.4. People thought the ___________ Church was too decorative, and Church should be plain to focus on

prayer.5. People also believed that the ruler of each country should be head of their Church, instead of the

_______.

money Luther Catholic understand confessing priests Latin poor Pope

1b) Complete the sentences explaining why Henry VIII wanted to reform the English Church.

Reason ExplanationLove The Pope wouldn’t let him get…

Greed He wanted to shut down the monasteries and take their…

Power He wanted to have the power of the ___________ as well as the king.

Beliefs Like many people, he disagreed with some of the ways that the Church did things.

1c) What happened when Henry VIII died? Fill in the gaps using the words below.His son Edward VI became King. He was only 9 years old, but he was a strong ____________, and made sure England remained a Protestant country. He treated _______________ badly. When he died his Protestant cousin Lady Jane Grey was Queen for nine _____, before being executed and Edward’s half-sister Mary I became Queen. She was a ____________, and gained the nickname Bloody Mary for burning about _____ Protestants. After Mary died her half-sister Elizabeth became Queen. She was a _____________ Protestant, and changed England’s religion again, this time for good.

moderate 300 Protestant Catholics days Catholic

1d) What caused the English Civil War? Match the factors and the examples!

Factor Match-Up ExamplesReligious (Church/ beliefs)

Charles I was very stubborn and wouldn’t compromise. Charles I thought he was more special than other people, and never did as

he was told.Political (power

and laws)

Charles I was very unkind to Puritans who criticised his Church. Charles I tried to make the Scottish change their religion but they refused

and ended up winning a war against England over this!Economic (money)

Charles raised a lot of illegal taxes and became unpopular. Charles spent a lot of money on wars and on his wife and children.

Personal Charles I broke lots of laws.

2

Charles I ruled without parliament for 11 years.

3

Activity 2: What were the main battles, and who won them? Read the information and then complete the table! In 1642, after a series of disagreements with his parliament, Charles I raised an army and went to war with his parliament. Charles I’s Royalist army was nicknamed the Cavaliers. Parliament’s army was nicknamed the Roundheads

The Battle of Edgehill, 1642 King Charles gathered his army at the top of a hill and by doing this he had a very good view of the battlefield. The commander of the Roundheads, Lord Essex, refused to attack the King uphill, so Charles decided to march down the hill to attack. Prince Rupert, the King’s nephew, led a cavalry charge against the Roundhead soldiers commanded by Sir Faithful Fortesque – who was so scared of

the cavalry charge, he changed sides and started attacking his own men. A lot of the Roundhead soldiers – commanded by Sir James Ramsey – panicked and ran away.

In the centre of the battlefield the Roundhead infantry (the Pikemen and the musketeers) fought very hard and it was there that they began to win. Because of this, the Cavalier infantry fell into confusion as there was no obvious commander.

The battle ended with no obvious winner or loser – but both sides said they had won! Both sides lost about 1,500 men – mostly infantrymen.

The Battle of Newbury, 1643

The Roundhead army were on their way to London. The Cavalier army blocked their way at Newbury. The battle started very badly for King Charles because the Roundheads took the best position on the battlefield. Prince Rupert was a very good commander and cavalry soldier, but he was very impatient and didn’t wait for Lord Essex and the Roundhead army to

attack – instead he broke cover and tried to charge at the Roundhead army. He and his men were defeated easily and lost many horses and soldiers. Fighting went on possibly until 10.00 at night, which was very unusual – even daytime fighting could be quite confusing as neither side wore a uniform. Early in the morning of September 21st, Lord Essex found that the King’s army had retreated to Oxford. The Roundheads had won the battle.

The Battle of Marston Moor, 1644

On 1st July, 1644, Prince Rupert, rode into the Roundhead stronghold of York. The Roundheads were chased out and the armies met at Marston Moor. The King’s soldiers had a better position on the moor, but the Cavalier commanders of the army were impatient and wanted to fight – even though

the whole army wasn’t ready. The Cavalier commander, Lord John Byron, ordered an attack on the Roundheads, who were commanded by Oliver Cromwell. The attack was a failure

and this meant that Cromwell could attack the Cavalier infantry on left side because they weren’t defended. Cromwell’s counter-attack only failed because Prince Rupert rushed his men over to this side of the army to force back Cromwell’s attack.

When both sides of the Cavalier’s army were under attack, the infantry in the centre were in a panic and weren’t being defended. Prince Rupert was not helped by the late arrival of the Duke of Newcastle whose soldiers lasted for no more than one hour before they were also defeated.

The Roundheads had won the battle, which meant that the King and the Cavaliers lost a lot of their power in the North of England.

4

The Battle of Naseby 1645

The battle started at 10.00am when Prince Rupert attacked the Roundhead horsemen commanded by Henry Ireton. The Prince was winning at first but rather than turning and attacking the Roundhead infantry, he decided to keep riding forward and attacked the Roundhead supply wagons.

On the right side of the battle, Cavalier commander Sir Langdale attacked Cromwell at the same time as Rupert attacked Ireton – but Cromwell defeated him, which left the Cavalier cavalry open to attack. Cromwell attacked the Cavalier infantry, who panicked and got trapped in a Roundhead ‘pincer movement’ – being trapped on both sides by the Roundhead cavalry, surrender was the only real option.

The Roundheads won the battle, it was one of the most important victories in the Civil war.

Battle When was it?

Who were Cavalier Leaders?

Who were Roundhead Leaders?

What were the main events? Who won?

Edgehill 1642 King Charles IPrince…

Lord…Sir…Sir…

Newbury _ _ _ _ King Charles IPrince…

Lord…

Marston Moor

_ _ _ _ King Charles IPrince…Lord…Duke…

Oliver…

Naseby _ _ _ _ Prince…Sir…

Henry…Oliver…

5

Activity 3: What happened to Charles I after he lost the Civil War? Fill in the missing words and draw or copy and paste appropriate pictures for the storyboard:refused dog masks groan abolished scared £100 Oliver blood speech

Charles was executed on a Tuesday. It was a cold day. Charles was allowed to go for a last walk in St James’s park with his pet ___. His last meal was bread and wine.

However, the man who was to execute Charles _______ to do it. So did others. Very quickly, another man and his assistant was found. They were paid ____ and were allowed to wear _____ so that no-one would ever know who they were.

At nearly 2:00 o’clock in the afternoon Charles was led to the scaffold which was covered in black cloth. He had asked to wear thick underclothes under his shirt as he was very concerned that if he shivered in the cold, the crowd might think that he was ______.

Charles gave a last ________ to the crowd but very few could hear him. He said "I have delivered to my conscience; I pray God you do take those courses that are best for the good of the kingdom and your own salvation."

It is said that when he was beheaded a large _____ went up throughout the crowd. One observer in the crowd described it as "such a groan by the thousands then present, as I never heard before and I desire I may never hear again."

Even in death, Charles found no dignity. Spectators were allowed to go up to the scaffold and, after paying, dip handkerchiefs in his _____ as it was felt that the blood of a king was wiped onto a wound or over an ‘illness’ the person who was ill would be cured.

On the 6th February, 1649, the monarchy was _________. Parliament stated that "the office of the king in this nation is unnecessary, burdensome and dangerous to the liberty, society and public interest of the people."

What became known as a Council of State was set-up instead of the monarchy and ______ Cromwell was its first chairman.

6

7

Activity 4: What happened in the Civil War and the Interregnum (1649-1660, when there was a republic, and no monarch)?

4a) Civil War Documentary Questions. Watch Timelines TV – Civil War on YouTubehttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cEE1FbHzZt0&t=10s1. Why was the statue of Oliver Cromwell put outside Parliament?

Because he was a symbol of the struggle against the absolute (total) power of ______________

2. Who did Cromwell fight against in the English Civil War, in the 17th Century? King ____________ the First

3. What happened after the end of the English Civil War in January 1649?

The King was publically ________________________________________

4. Why was this event different from anything that had happened before?

The King was not killed in battle, but in a _________________ execution

5. What did Parliament do next? They ________________________ the Monarchy; no more kings.

6. Why was Charles himself part of the reason for the Civil War and his execution?

He believed in the Divine ___________________ of Kings to have total power

He didn’t want ___________________________ to have any power

7. How long did Charles rule without Parliament? _______________ years

8. Why was Charles forced to recall parliament in 1640?

He made changes in ________________________, which made people in Scotland angry. They raised an army to fight him, so Charles needed ____________________to pay for an _____________to fight them.

9. What did Parliament do when they met and how did Charles react?

They criticised the King’s ____________________________, so he tried to ____________________ five MPs.

10. What was Oliver Cromwell’s background and character?

He was a _____________________________. He believed that ____________________ was on his side. He always got involved enthusiastically with things.

11. Who did Cromwell choose to be in his army and how did this change England?

Normal men like him; Tanners, __________________________________, farmers. The social ________________ was shaken up.

12. What happened in 1646? Cromwell won the first Civil War and King Charles was ____________________

13. Why was there a ‘stalemate’?Parliament wanted Charles, as King, under their ________________________. Charles believed __________ gave him the power to rule alone.

14. What was Charles’ agreement with the Scots and what was the result?

They would invade ______________________to help him. This started ____________ more years of fighting.

15. How did the crowd react to Charles’ execution? They _____________________

8

4b) Cromwell Documentary Questions. Watch Timelines TV – Oliver Cromwell on YouTubehttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bqi0Wd68Mio&t=4s1. What was the greatest power in the land by the late 1640s? The _____________________

2. Why did the Army camp in Putney and how did the citizens of London feel about the army’s presence?

It was close enough to defend______________________________. The citizens _____________________ it.

3. What was the purpose of the meeting at St Mary’s Church, Putney in 1647?

To decide who should have the ___________________________

4. What did the Generals believe? Only ____________________ with property should have the vote.

5. What did the soldiers believe?

They thought ______________________________. They thought more men should get to vote.

6. In which event in the Medieval period were similar views given and from whom?

The ____________________________ Revolt. John _________________ (A radical priest)

7. Who moved in to St George’s Hill, what did they believe in and what did they do there?

A group called the ____________________________. They started living and ______________________ food there.

8. How did local landowners react? They hired ___________________________ to get rid of the Diggers.

9. What was there a chance of happening to society at this time?

To completely _________________________ English Society

10. Did these changes happen and, why?

___________________, because the rich people did not want things to change.

11. Was Cromwell happy about how the MPs from the Gentry were behaving? _______________________

12. What did Cromwell do in 1653 and did this support or go against the aims of the Civil War?

He __________________ down Parliament. This was ___________________ the aims of the Civil War.

13. Where did Cromwell live, once he made himself leader of England? Hampton Court _________________

14. When did Cromwell die and what did Parliament do next?

____________ Parliament voted to bring back the _________________________________ (Kings and Queens)

15. What happened in April 1661?

Charles I’s son, Charles Stuart, was ___________________ King. He became Charles II.

9

Activity 5: What happened in the Glorious Revolution?

Glorious Revolution Documentary Questions. Watch Timelines TV – Glorious Revolution on YouTube https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NXvvbmpz5i0

1. What happened in 1660? ________________________________ was restored to the Throne

2. Who was William Cavendish?

A Noblemen who carried the train at Charles I’s _________________________ when he was a boy

3. What did James II and William Cavendish both have reputations as?

Womanisers and ___________________________

4. What was the serious question of the time? Who held the _____________________ in the land?

5. What were the three possible answers to the question of the time? The ___________________ , parliament or the __________________________

6. What earlier event was a reminder of the limited power of Kings?

The execution and death of ______________________________

7. What happened in 1685? Charles II ________________, replaced by his _________________ James

8. What did James II believe about how the country should be run?

He wanted absolute power, wanted the army under his _________________ & ruled __________________ Parliament.

9. What religion was James II and why did that worry most English people?

He was a _____________________ and wanted to bring Catholic religion _______________

10. Why was William Cavendish unhappy with James II?

He was from the aristocracy, and believed he should have a part in running the kingdom but the King was _________________________ them out.

11. What did Cavendish and his friends in London do?

They _________________________ the overthrow of King James II. They wrote a _____________ in code to William of Orange to come and become ling of England instead of James.

12. How did William respond to the letter? He did what they suggest. He ________________ to England with an army & took the job of King.

13. What did King James II do? He ______________ to the continent

14. What is the name for the change of 1688, when William and Mary were made King and Queen of England? (1) The ____________________________ ____________________________

15. Why was it not really a ‘Revolution’ or ‘Glorious’ and who did it help

10

It only helped wealthy _____________________. The rich got the power. _____________________ people still had no political power. There was no true _____________________

11

Activity 6: Did the English Civil War achieve its aims? Use the information from the videos you watched in activities 4 and 5.Aims Immediate Outcomes https://www.youtube.com/watch?

v=bqi0Wd68MioChallenge: extra information/work out the missing words!

Long Term Outcomeshttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NXvvbmpz5i0

Challenge: extra information/work out the missing words!To share power with parliament and prevent the king having too much power.

Achieved During this

time there was no king, because Cromwell was in charge.

Even when _________ II returned, it was because the people had invited him.

Not achieved In 1653, Cromwell decided that only the

_________ was fit to govern England. He took a troop of __________ into

parliament, and __________ it __________.

The tyranny of kings was replaced with the tyranny of Oliver ____________.

He lived in H__________ C_________ Palace, a king in all but name.

Many people wanted the king back, and when Cromwell died, and the structure of ______________ tyranny collapsed.

_________ II was restored to the throne in 1660.

Charles II – Achieved The death of Charles I, Charles

II’s _________ was a reminder of…

He was sensible in sharing power for most of his reign.

Charles II – Not achieved Charles II did clash with his

parliament. Between 1681 and 1685, he

never called a parliament and ruled on his own.

James II – Achieved He did call a parliament.

James II – Not achieved He ruled without

________________. He overruled some laws.

William and Mary – Achieved William of _________ was

invited to England. Kings now ruled under the

______ of ________________.

William and Mary – Not achieved True ___________ remained as

distant a dream as ever.

To protect the Protestant religion.

Achieved Cromwell

was a __________, which is a type of __________.

Not achieved Cromwell’s version of Protestantism

was unpopular. He shoved his ideas _________ living down everyone’s throats.

He became hated by…

Charles II – Achieved Charles II was a ____________.

Charles II – Not achieved Just before he died, Charles II

converted to _______________.

James II – Achieved He did allow people freedom of

religion, including Protestants. He ______ to the continent.

James II – Not achieved James II was a _____________.

People were afraid of this.

William and Mary – Achieved They were __________. The Act

of Settlement (1701) said all monarchs had to be so in

William and Mary – Not achievedN/A

12

future.

13

Activity 7a: What was the Glorious Revolution? Read the information about the Glorious Revolution and answer the questions below:Many people were unhappy with James II as a king, because he was Catholic, and because he kept trying to overrule Parliament. Whilst some of James’ actions would have protected people’s religious rights, which we think of as good now, at the time people were frightened of Catholics gaining too much power.

In 1688, a group of politicians and nobles from lots of different political and religious backgrounds wrote a letter to James’ son-in-law, William of Orange. He was a Protestant and ruled over the Dutch Republic. They asked him to invade, which he did. James II ran away, and William and his wife (James’ Protestant daughter) Mary became joint King and Queen. This was known as the Glorious Revolution.

Unlike the Civil War, which ended with the deaths of 200,000 people, the Glorious Revolution happened with no fighting, although afterwards there were wars when James tried to claim back his throne! The people who helped him called themselves the Jacobites. The most famous battle of the following wars was the Battle of the Boyne in Ireland. William’s soldiers defeated James’ on 1st July 1690, and James fled to France, never to return.

1) What religion was James II?

2) How did people feel about Catholics?

3) Who did people invite to invade England?

4) What was this invasion called?

5) Who became joint King and Queen?

6) How many people had died in the Civil War?

7) Who helped James II try to get the throne back?

8) Where and when was James II defeated?

9) Where did he flee to?

Challenge questions:

10) Why do you think people were scared of Catholics having too much power? Use activity 1c to help you!

11) Some Catholics even wanted to get rid of James. Why do you think this was?

12) Why was it important for William to know that the people signing the letter had different political and religious beliefs?

13) Why did William and Mary share the throne?

14) What does the word ‘glorious’ mean? Why do you think this was the name given to this revolution?

15) Why do you think James went to France when he ran away?

14

Activity 7b: What were the effects of the Glorious Revolution? Read and colour-code!

Key:Things that affect England today.Things that do not affect England today.

William began a series of wars with France that would last a century.

The Glorious Revolution laid the foundations for the ‘Cabinet System’ of Government that we still have today in England.

All power remained with the rich as ordinary people couldn’t vote.

Parliament had complete control of taxes and also more control over the country. The monarch never got back the power lost in the Glorious Revolution.

The Toleration Act 1689 was passed giving freedom of worship to all different types of protestants. They didn’t have to hide their religion any more.

William and Mary faced opposition for some time in Scotland and Ireland, but they won. James was defeated at The Battle of the Boyne in Ireland 1690 and ran away to France.

The Glorious Revolution marked the end of the Divine Right of Kings – parliament had the power to dethrone and set up monarchs. Authority came from parliament and the monarch didn’t have so much power any more.

The Bill of Rights ended the work that the Magna Carta had begun. It put more rules and restrictions on the monarch and established the principle of ‘freedom of speech’ in parliament.

The Bill of Rights also said that no monarch could be a Catholic. It made Protestantism the official religion in England.

The Bill of Rights said there had to frequent parliaments.

It also declared that no standing army could be kept in peacetime without parliament’s permission, so the king couldn’t have his own soldiers to fight against the people.

Challenge: Which of the effects do you think was the most significant and why?

15

Activity 8a: What powers does the Queen have today?

1a) Tick the ones you think are true. Some are surprising!1b) Research the answers online. Were you correct? If you can’t find them, check the final page of the booklet!

Power I think these are true…

These are actually true!

She can drive without a license or number plate

She owns all the dolphins and whales around the British coastline for 3 miles.She owns all the swans in England.

She can have people arrested without trial.

She doesn’t have to pay tax but chooses to anyway.

She is allowed to go through red lights when driving.

She has knights.

She can act without or against Ministers’ advice in a crisis.

She can appoint bishops and Archbishops.

She can confiscate people’s horses if she wants them for her Royal Guard. She can demand a bodyguard in full armour if she visits the ruins of Kidwelly Castle in Wales.She can demand that the City of Gloucester pay some of its tax in the form of an eel pie.She can charge new taxes without parliament’s permission.

She owns all the lions in England, and can take them from zoos to reside in the Tower of London if she wishes.

Challenge questions:1. Which power(s), if any, do you think the Queen should be allowed? Why?

2. Which power(s), if any, do you think the Queen should not be allowed? Why?

16

Activity 8b: Who are in line to the throne? Complete the family tree of modern monarchs!

Number Name Title1 Prince, Duke of 2 Prince, Duke of3 Prince4567

Activity 9: How has the power of the monarch changed over time?17

7

6

543

2

1

When Henry VIII reformed the Church in 1534, he ensured that the monarch of England would have more power than before as the Pope now had no control over his kingdom. Between 1534 and 1688 we saw the rise and fall of monarchical power, through the personal rule of Charles I, the Civil War, and his execution, to the complete loss of royal power under Oliver Cromwell. The Restoration of Charles II gave the monarchy back some power, but much was lost again with the Glorious Revolution in 1688. Since 1688, the monarchy has gradually lost its power, and although Queen Elizabeth II does have some authority, parliament now make nearly all the decisions. 9a) Continue the line on the graph until 2020. Would it go up (monarchy has more power now) or down (monarchy has less power now)?

9b) Complete the evaluation table below:

Fact I think this is…Every adult in England gets to vote for the parliament and the Prime Minister.

Good / bad because…

Whoever gets the most votes gets to be the Prime Minister in government.

Good / bad because…

We don’t get to choose the King/Queen – they inherit their power automatically. If we don’t like the King/Queen we don’t get to vote them out – they usually stay until they die!

Good / bad because…

The Prime Minister has more power than the Queen. The Queen has very little power.

Good / bad because…

All laws have to be passed by the House of Commons, which is made up of people we vote for, and the House of Lords, who we don’t choose but some are experts. If either House refuses the law it can’t pass.

Good / bad because…

The Queen gets to sign off or refuse all the laws before they are passed. She usually approves them but she doesn’t have to. Occasionally she refuses.

Good / bad because…

Activity 10: ‘The growth of parliament’s power is a good thing.’ How far you agree?

18

Decide on your answer to the question above and complete the following piece of writing. Use the information in this booklet and your own knowledge to write an introduction, 3 PEE paragraphs and a conclusion.

I do / do not agree that it is a good thing that parliament now has more power than the monarch, for three reasons.

Firstly…

Secondly…

Thirdly…

It is clear to see that overall, it is / is not a good thing that parliament now has more power than the monarch.

Activity 8a: What powers does the Queen have today? ANSWERS!

19

Power I think these are true…

These are actually true!

She can drive without a license or number plate Yes!

She owns all the dolphins and whales around the British coastline for 3 miles.

Yes!

She owns all the swans in England. Yes!

She can have people arrested without trial.

She doesn’t have to pay tax but chooses to anyway. Yes!

She is allowed to go through red lights when driving.

She has knights. Yes!

She can act without or against Ministers’ advice in a crisis. Yes!

She can appoint bishops and Archbishops. Yes!

She can confiscate people’s horses if she wants them for her Royal Guard. She can demand a bodyguard in full armour if she visits the ruins of Kidwelly Castle in Wales.

Yes!

She can demand that the City of Gloucester pay some of its tax in the form of an eel pie.

Yes!

She can charge new taxes without parliament’s permission.

She owns all the lions in England, and can take them from zoos to reside in the Tower of London if she wishes.

20