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Ch 6 Sedimentary & Metamorphic Rocks Test Study Guide

Directions: Complete the following questions to review for this chapter’s test. Remember, Googling the answers is not always the best option. Do not copy someone else’s, or scan the text for the answer. That is not the point. This assignment is to guide your review of the material to help you better prepare for the test.

Chapter Outline & Learning Objectives

6.1 Formation of Sedimentary Rocks1. Describe how sedimentary rocks are formed.2. Describe the steps of lithification.3. List the main features of sedimentary rocks.

6.2 Types of Sedimentary Rocks1. List characteristics that differentiate sedimentary rocks.2. Describe the steps of chemical sedimentary rock formation.3. Describe the unique qualities of biochemical sedimentary rocks.

6.3 Metamorphic Rocks1. Describe the different types of causes of metamorphism.2. List the characteristics of metamorphic textures.3. Describe the mineral and compositional changes during metamorphism.4. Classify rocks using the rock cycle.

Chapter 6 Vocabulary

Term Definition Memory Cue

SedimentSmall pieces of rock that are moved

and deposited by water, wind, glaciers, and gravity.

LithificationThe physical and chemical processes

that transform sediments into sedimentary rocks.

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Cementation

Process of sedimentary rock formation that occurs when

dissolved minerals precipitate out and connect grains of the rock.

Bedding

Horizontal layering in sedimentary rock; layers that can range from a few millimeters to several meters

thick.

Cross-Bedding

Depositional feature of sedimentary rock that forms as inclined layers of sediment are carried forward across

a horizontal surface.

Clastic

Rock and mineral fragments produced by weathering and

erosion and classified according to particle size and shape.

Evaporite

Layers of chemical sedimentary rocks that form when

concentrations of dissolved minerals in water reach saturation

due to evaporation of water.

Foliated

Describes metamorphic rock, such as schist or gneiss, whose minerals are squeezed under high pressure arranged in wavy layers & bands.

Nonfoliated

Describes metamorphic rocks like quartzite and marble, composed mainly of minerals that form with

blocky crystal shapes.

Rock CycleContinuous, dynamic set of

processes by which rocks are changed into other types of rocks.

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6.1 Formation of Sedimentary Rocks

1. How are weathering and erosion related? Give examples of processes for each.

2. Use the two diagrams to the right/below to

describe the process of lithification, including

compaction and cementation.

3. Create a sketch of graded bedding and another of cross-bedding. How are they similar?

How are they different?

4. Complete the diagram by (1) adding the phase next to their prospective part of the

diagram, and (2) describing that phase.

Phases to label and describe:

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1 – Weathering:

2 – Erosion/Transportation:

3 – Deposition:

4 – Cementation:

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6.2 Types of Sedimentary Rocks

1. Describe the 3 main sedimentary rock types: clastic, chemical, organic (biochemical). Include examples.

2. Complete the table on clastic sedimentary rocks.Clastic Rock

Type Description Example

Coarse-grained

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Medium-grained

Fine-grained

3. Why is coal considered a biochemical sedimentary rock?

4. How are the following similar and different: Coarse-grained rocks, Medium-grained rocks, and Fine-grained rocks?

5. Explain how the following diagram illustrates evaporates. Also, complete the diagram, include a description of evaporates and examples of evaporates.

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6.3 Metamorphic Rocks & The Rock Cycle

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1. What factors effect metamorphic rock formation?

2. What is the difference between foliated and nonfoliated metamorphic rocks? Make

sketches of both.

3. What are different grain sizes of metamorphic rocks? Give some examples.

4. What is the difference between regional, hydrothermal, and contact

metamorphism?

5. Complete the diagram of the rock cycle. Include a paragragh describing the different phases and how a rock moves from one to another.

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