Chapter 12. Manabu Sasa. 1961. Biology of chiggers. Pages 221-244. In: Edward A. Steinhaus, Ray F. Smith (editors). Annual Review of Entomology. Volume 6, 466 pages. Palo Alto, California: Annual Reviews Inc.

Keywords: medical entomology, public health, Trombiculidae, developmental cycle, Trombicula akamushi, T. deliensis, T. scutellaris, T. autumnalis, developmental times and generations, laboratory culture, collection of materials, floatation, containers, substratum, behavior of unengorged larvae, collecting methods, plate method, Berlese funnel, light trap method, the rate of movement, reaction to stimuli, spatial distribution, geographical distribution, topographical distribution, ground surface distribution, vertical distribution, chronological distribution, diurnal distribution, seasonal distribution, host relationship, host specificity, site for attachment, feeding times, epidemiology, chiggers that attack man, chiggers that transmit typhus, endemic regions and foci of grub typhus, seasonal incidence