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Appendix Table 1. WMH sample characteristics by World Bank income categoriesa

Country by income category Survey b Sample characteristics c Field dates Age range Sample size Response rated

Part 1 Part 2I. Low and middle income countries

Brazil - São Paulo São Paulo Megacity São Paulo metropolitan area. 2005-7 18-93 5,037 2,942 81.3

Bulgaria NSHS Nationally representative. 2003-7 18-98 5,318 2,233 72.0

Colombia NSMH All urban areas of the country (approximately 73% of the total national population) 2003 18-65 4,426 2,381 87.7

Colombia – Medelline MMHHS Medellin metropolitan area 2011-12 19-65 3,261 1,673 97.2

Iraq IMHS Nationally representative. 2006-7 18-96 4,332 4,332 95.2

Lebanon L.E.B.A.N.O.N Nationally representative. 2002-3 18-94 2,857 1,031 70.0

Mexico M-NCS All urban areas of the country (approximately 75% of the total national population). 2001-2 18-65 5,782 2,362 76.6

Nigeria NSMHW21 of the 36 states in the country, representing 57% of the national population. The surveys were conducted in Yoruba, Igbo, Hausa and Efik languages.

2002-3 18-100 6,752 2,143 79.3

Peru EMSMP Nationally representative 2004-5 18-65 3,930 1,801 90.2

PRCf Beijing/Shanghai B-WMHS-WMH Beijing and Shanghai metropolitan areas. 2002-3 18-70 5,201 1,628 74.7

PRCf - Shenzheng Shenzhen Shenzhen metropolitan area. Included temporary residents as well as

household residents. 2006-7 18-88 7,132 2,475 80.0

Romania RMHS Nationally representative. 2005-6 18-96 2,357 2,357 70.9

Total 56,385 27,358 80.3

II. High-income countries Australiae NSMHWB Nationally representative. 2007 18-85 8,841 8,841 60.0

Belgium ESEMeD Nationally representative. The sample was selected from a national register of Belgium residents 2001-2 18-95 2,419 1,043 50.6

France ESEMeD Nationally representative. The sample was selected from a national list of households with listed telephone numbers. 2001-2 18-97 2,894 1,436 45.9

Germany ESEMeD Nationally representative. 2002-3 18-95 3,555 1,323 57.8

Israel NHS Nationally representative. 2002-4 21-98 4,859 4,859 72.6

Italy ESEMeD Nationally representative. The sample was selected from municipality resident registries. 2001-2 18-100 4,712 1,779 71.3

Japan WMHJ2002-2006 Eleven metropolitan areas. 2002-6 20-98 4,129 1,682 55.1

Netherlands ESEMeD Nationally representative. The sample was selected from municipal postal registries. 2002-3 18-95 2,372 1,094 56.4

New Zealande NZMHS Nationally representative. 2003-4 18-98 12,790 7,312 73.3

N. Ireland NISHS Nationally representative. 2004-7 18-97 4,340 1,986 68.4

Polande EZOP Nationally representative. 2010-11 18-64 10,081 4,000 50.4

Portugal NMHS Nationally representative. 2008-9 18-81 3,849 2,060 57.3

Spain ESEMeD Nationally representative. 2001-2 18-98 5,473 2,121 78.6

Spain - Murcia PEGASUS- Murcia Murcia region. 2010-12 18-96 2,621 1,459 67.4

United States NCS-R Nationally representative. 2002-3 18-99 9,282 5,692 70.9

Total 82,217 46,687 62.6

Total 138,602 74,045 68.7

a The World Bank (2012) Data. Accessed May 12, 2012 at: http://data.worldbank.org/country. Some of the WMH countries have moved into new income categories since the surveys were conducted. The income groupings above reflect the status of each country at the time of data collection. The current income category of each country is available at the preceding URL.b NSMH (The Colombian National Study of Mental Health); IMHS (Iraq Mental Health Survey); NSMHW (The Nigerian Survey of Mental Health and Wellbeing); EMSMP (La Encuesta Mundial de Salud Mental en el Peru); B-WMH (The Beijing World Mental Health Survey); S-WMH (The Shanghai World Mental Health Survey); NSHS (Bulgaria National Survey of Health and Stress); L.E.B.A.N.O.N (Lebanese Evaluation of the Burden of Ailments and Needs of the Nation); MMHHS (Medellín Mental Health Household Study); M-NCS (The Mexico National Comorbidity Survey); RMHS (Romania Mental Health Survey); NSMHWB (National Survey of Mental Health and Wellbeing); ESEMeD (The European Study of the Epidemiology of Mental Disorders); NHS (Israel National Health Survey); WMHJ2002-2006 (World Mental Health Japan Survey); NZMHS (New Zealand Mental Health Survey); NISHS (Northern Ireland Study of Health and Stress); EZOP - Poland (Epidemiology of Mental Disorders and Access to Care Survey); NMHS (Portugal National Mental Health Survey); PEGASUS-Murcia (Psychiatric Enquiry to General Population in Southeast Spain-Murcia); NCS-R (The US National Comorbidity Survey Replication). c Most WMH surveys are based on stratified multistage clustered area probability household samples in which samples of areas equivalent to counties or municipalities in the US were selected in the first stage followed by one or more subsequent stages of geographic subsampling within each of the first-stage units (e.g., towns within counties, blocks within towns, households within blocks) to arrive at a sample of households. Within households, a listing of household members was created and one or two people were selected from this listing to be interviewed. No substitution was allowed when the originally sampled household resident could not be interviewed. These household samples were selected from Census area data in all countries other than France (where telephone directories were used to select households) and the Netherlands (where postal registries were used to select households). Several WMH surveys (Belgium, Germany, Italy, Poland) used municipal resident registries to select respondents without listing households. The Japanese sample is the only totally un-clustered sample, with households randomly selected in each of the 11 metropolitan areas and one random respondent selected in each sample household. 18 of the 27 surveys are based on nationally representative household samples.d The response rate is calculated as the ratio of the number of households in which an interview was completed to the number of households originally sampled, excluding from the denominator households known not to be eligible either because of being vacant at the time of initial contact or because the residents were unable to speak the designated languages of the survey. The weighted average response rate is 68.7%.eAlthough younger respondents were included in the sample, for the purposes of cross-national comparisons we limit the sample to those 18+.fPeople’s Republic of China

Appendix Table 2. Socio-demographic correlates of MDD prevalence by lifetime and 12-month DSM-IV/CIDI major depressive disorder (MDD) and of comorbid anxiety disordersa among those with MDD in the São Paulo, Brazil WMH survey

Lifetime 12-Month

MDDComorbid MDD

among lifetime cases MDDComorbid MDD

among 12-month casesOR (95% CI) OR (95% CI) OR (95% CI) OR (95% CI)

Age

18-34 2.06 (1.16-3.67) 2.76 (1.34-5.71) 3.70 (1.94-7.05) 18.86 (5.84-60.95)

35-49 2.46 (1.49-4.07) 3.27 (1.54-6.94) 4.14 (2.24-7.64) 24.73 (7.38-82.90)

50-64 2.28 (1.39-3.75) 3.58 (1.56-8.23) 3.31 (1.83-6.01) 24.48 (7.89-75.92)

65+ 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 -

15.01* 10.48* 22.06* 31.45*

Gender

Male 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 -

Female 2.96 (2.40-3.64) 2.87 (2.20-3.75) 2.92 (2.10-4.08) 3.06 (2.11-4.42)

103.14* 60.41* 40.16* 35.27*

Marital status

Marriedb 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 -

Never Married 0.96 (0.68-1.35) 0.95 (0.57-1.58) 1.11 (0.75-1.63) 0.92 (0.48-1.77)

Sep/Wid/Divorced 1.40 (1.04-1.87) 1.27 (0.99-1.63) 1.62 (1.18-2.21) 1.35 (0.88-2.05)

5.02 4.02 9.12* 3.70

Income

Lowc 0.93 (0.65-1.34) 0.99 (0.61-1.61) 1.03 (0.59-1.80) 1.01 (0.39-2.58)

Low-Mid 0.86 (0.64-1.16) 0.97 (0.67-1.40) 0.96 (0.62-1.48) 1.13 (0.59-2.18)

Mid-High 1.16 (0.84-1.62) 0.83 (0.52-1.34) 1.22 (0.82-1.83) 0.84 (0.44-1.60)

High 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 -

6.38 0.76 2.23 1.84

Education level

None 1.36 (0.64-2.90) 0.98 (0.41-2.35) 1.04 (0.44-2.46) 0.35 (0.10-1.25)

< Primary 0.92 (0.58-1.47) 1.01 (0.55-1.86) 0.78 (0.40-1.49) 0.80 (0.31-2.07)

Primary 1.15 (0.70-1.87) 1.36 (0.66-2.81) 1.22 (0.71-2.10) 1.31 (0.50-3.43)

< Secondary 1.06 (0.66-1.70) 1.14 (0.58-2.28) 1.10 (0.57-2.12) 1.16 (0.44-3.08)

Secondary 1.24 (0.92-1.66) 0.95 (0.57-1.59) 0.92 (0.68-1.23) 0.69 (0.27-1.75)

Some College 0.78 (0.46-1.34) 0.87 (0.51-1.48) 0.75 (0.37-1.51) 0.77 (0.33-1.81)

College + 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 -

8.47 5.88 4.60 7.69

n) (2,942) (882) (2,942) (489)

*Significant at the .05 level, two-sided test. aAnxiety disorders include generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder with or without agoraphobia, agoraphobia without a history of panic disorder, specific phobia, social phobia, separation anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder.bMarital status at interview.c Relative income based on country-specific quartiles.

Appendix Table 3. Socio-demographic correlates of MDD prevalence by lifetime and 12-month DSM-IV/CIDI major depressive disorder (MDD) and of comorbid anxiety disordersa among those with MDD in the Bulgaria WMH survey

Lifetime 12-Month

MDDComorbid MDD

among lifetime cases MDDComorbid MDD

among 12-month casesOR (95% CI) OR (95% CI) OR (95% CI) OR (95% CI)

Age

18-34 0.52 (0.30-0.89) 0.47 (0.16-1.43) 0.36 (0.13-0.98) 0.36 (0.09-1.37)

35-49 0.51 (0.29-0.91) 0.79 (0.36-1.76) 0.43 (0.21-0.90) 0.62 (0.25-1.53)

50-64 0.83 (0.52-1.32) 1.39 (0.60-3.21) 0.75 (0.34-1.66) 0.95 (0.41-2.22)

65+ 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 -

13.60* 11.04* 11.40* 4.27

Gender

Male 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 -

Female 2.27 (1.52-3.37) 2.09 (1.30-3.34) 2.55 (1.51-4.33) 1.71 (1.02-2.88)

16.20* 9.41* 12.10* 4.10*

Marital status

Marriedb 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 -

Never Married 1.92 (0.89-4.17) 0.84 (0.30-2.38) 1.95 (0.62-6.12) 0.69 (0.11-4.33)

Sep/Wid/Divorced 2.62 (1.73-3.96) 1.88 (0.84-4.21) 2.76 (1.54-4.94) 2.04 (0.91-4.57)

23.18* 2.34 12.12* 4.30

Income

Lowc 0.83 (0.43-1.60) 0.96 (0.47-1.95) 0.59 (0.32-1.11) 0.60 (0.35-1.04)

Low-Mid 1.03 (0.74-1.45) 1.49 (0.95-2.33) 1.27 (0.73-2.19) 1.23 (0.65-2.33)

Mid-High 1.17 (0.70-1.95) 1.27 (0.76-2.13) 0.88 (0.49-1.57) 0.78 (0.42-1.42)

High 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 -

3.08 4.80 10.22* 5.81

Education level

None 0.48 (0.24-0.97) 1.43 (0.18-11.21) 1.92 (0.57-6.49) 5.09 (0.53-48.73)

< Primary 0.89 (0.29-2.70) 0.66 (0.06-6.87) 0.48 (0.04-5.38) 2.20 (0.18-27.06)

Primary 0.61 (0.35-1.05) 1.12 (0.60-2.09) 1.19 (0.37-3.85) 2.33 (0.47-11.59)

< Secondary 1.01 (0.63-1.61) 2.02 (1.21-3.38) 2.31 (0.86-6.22) 3.42 (1.10-10.69)

Secondary 0.98 (0.66-1.46) 1.51 (0.65-3.53) 2.41 (0.95-6.13) 2.71 (0.56-13.15)

Some College 1.00 (0.57-1.76) 2.19 (0.94-5.07) 1.72 (0.60-4.95) 3.45 (0.88-13.52)

College + 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 -

11.67 12.20 7.31 8.90

n) (2,233) (325) (2,233) (145)


Appendix Table 4. Socio-demographic correlates of MDD prevalence by lifetime and 12-month DSM-IV/CIDI major depressive disorder (MDD) and of comorbid anxiety disordersa among those with MDD in the Colombia WMH survey

Lifetime 12-Month

MDD (person level) Comorbid vs Pure MDD (person level) Comorbid vs PureOR (95% CI) OR (95% CI) OR (95% CI) OR (95% CI)

Age

18-34b 1.30 (0.83-2.05) 1.95 (1.23-3.10) 1.37 (0.85-2.21) 2.17 (1.07-4.40)

35-49 1.16 (0.79-1.71) 1.66 (1.02-2.72) 1.17 (0.71-1.93) 1.52 (0.71-3.25)

50-64 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 -

65+ 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 -

1.34 8.21* 1.75 4.66

Gender

Male 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 -

Female 1.64 (1.29-2.09) 1.91 (1.31-2.79) 1.74 (1.24-2.44) 1.44 (0.78-2.65)

15.90* 11.22* 10.10* 1.37

Marital status

Marriedc 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 -

Never Married 0.90 (0.68-1.19) 0.82 (0.57-1.20) 0.95 (0.64-1.42) 0.93 (0.48-1.77)

Sep/Wid/Divorced 1.97 (1.34-2.90) 1.35 (0.78-2.32) 1.08 (0.61-1.90) 1.10 (0.42-2.89)

11.97* 2.64 0.18 0.12

Income

Lowd 0.83 (0.60-1.15) 1.07 (0.61-1.87) 1.43 (0.86-2.36) 1.40 (0.67-2.94)

Low-Mid 0.86 (0.54-1.38) 1.33 (0.76-2.33) 1.34 (0.70-2.56) 1.52 (0.65-3.53)

Mid-High 0.91 (0.61-1.34) 0.99 (0.62-1.58) 0.70 (0.40-1.21) 0.49 (0.23-1.02)

High 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 -

1.35 1.46 7.62 9.32*

Education level

None 0.85 (0.33-2.20) 0.48 (0.14-1.66) 1.04 (0.31-3.47) 0.47 (0.09-2.45)

< Primary 0.79 (0.38-1.62) 0.90 (0.40-1.99) 1.02 (0.39-2.68) 0.75 (0.21-2.63)

Primary 1.21 (0.62-2.39) 1.13 (0.49-2.60) 1.28 (0.50-3.26) 0.89 (0.23-3.39)

< Secondary 1.29 (0.70-2.39) 0.89 (0.44-1.81) 1.35 (0.57-3.17) 0.67 (0.20-2.23)

Secondary 0.89 (0.46-1.72) 0.67 (0.32-1.41) 1.04 (0.43-2.54) 0.56 (0.17-1.79)

Some College 1.17 (0.58-2.37) 0.85 (0.35-2.04) 1.27 (0.43-3.76) 0.88 (0.22-3.59)

College + 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 -

11.45 3.97 2.79 2.34

n) (2,381) (534) (2,381) (241)

*Significant at the .05 level, two-sided test. aAnxiety disorders include generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder with or without agoraphobia, agoraphobia without a history of panic disorder, specific phobia, social phobia, separation anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder.bRespondents ages 18-34 and 34-59 were compared to those 50+ because of a truncation of the upper end of the sample age distribution (see Appendix Table 1).cMarital status at interview.dRelative income based on country-specific quartiles.

Appendix Table 5. Socio-demographic correlates of MDD prevalence by lifetime and 12-month DSM-IV/CIDI major depressive disorder (MDD) and of comorbid anxiety disordersa among those with MDD in the Medellin, Colombia WMH survey

Lifetime 12-Month


Age

18-34 0.83 (0.11-6.18) 1.98 (0.38-10.30) 2.31 (0.41-13.09) 1.33 (0.14-12.94)

35-49 0.87 (0.11-6.62) 3.17 (0.61-16.46) 2.14 (0.39-11.88) 1.78 (0.19-16.75)

50-64 0.73 (0.10-5.08) 2.54 (0.50-12.98) 1.54 (0.28-8.44) 1.28 (0.14-12.17)

65+ 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 -

0.99 4.67 2.39 1.10

Gender

Male 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 -

Female 2.15 (1.36-3.42) 3.94 (2.11-7.36) 3.63 (1.94-6.81) 9.03 (3.42-23.85)

10.59* 18.53* 16.22* 19.70*

Marital status

Marriedb 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 -

Never Married 0.77 (0.52-1.15) 0.88 (0.56-1.41) 1.19 (0.70-2.02) 1.28 (0.57-2.89)

Sep/Wid/Divorced 1.34 (0.89-2.02) 1.20 (0.67-2.16) 1.50 (0.79-2.83) 1.29 (0.55-3.02)

5.95 0.87 1.66 0.58

Income

Lowc 1.54 (0.99-2.39) 1.66 (0.95-2.91) 1.69 (0.93-3.05) 1.29 (0.53-3.14)

Low-Mid 2.06 (1.18-3.59) 1.51 (0.73-3.15) 1.38 (0.65-2.90) 0.90 (0.31-2.65)

Mid-High 1.69 (1.06-2.71) 1.46 (0.78-2.74) 2.08 (1.01-4.31) 1.27 (0.44-3.70)

High 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 -

8.47* 3.26 4.53 0.69

Education level

None 1.32 (0.43-4.02) 2.47 (0.64-9.56) 1.95 (0.39-9.66) 1.60 (0.23-11.19)

< Primary 2.01 (1.03-3.91) 2.63 (1.03-6.71) 5.11 (2.16-12.10) 5.88 (1.79-19.32)

Primary 1.20 (0.61-2.35) 1.59 (0.68-3.70) 2.04 (0.84-4.92) 3.72 (1.29-10.69)

< Secondary 2.00 (1.08-3.71) 2.82 (1.19-6.70) 3.04 (1.22-7.59) 3.71 (1.03-13.30)

Secondary 0.95 (0.51-1.76) 1.07 (0.46-2.52) 1.68 (0.71-3.97) 2.05 (0.61-6.93)

Some College 1.21 (0.68-2.15) 1.39 (0.59-3.26) 1.61 (0.69-3.74) 1.32 (0.34-5.08)

College + 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 -

12.97* 12.31 18.60* 23.58*

n) (1,673) (347) (1,673) (151)


Appendix Table 6. Socio-demographic correlates of MDD prevalence by lifetime and 12-month DSM-IV/CIDI major depressive disorder (MDD) and of comorbid anxiety disordersa among those with MDD in the Iraq WMH survey

Lifetime 12-Month


Age

18-34 0.58 (0.28-1.20) 0.66 (0.18-2.38) 0.60 (0.21-1.70) 1.35 (0.25-7.23)

35-49 0.82 (0.44-1.53) 0.79 (0.25-2.47) 1.07 (0.48-2.40) 0.86 (0.17-4.24)

50-64 1.07 (0.60-1.90) 0.78 (0.27-2.19) 0.91 (0.42-1.99) 0.82 (0.25-2.69)

65+ 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 -

5.76 0.57 3.72 1.04

Gender

Male 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 -

Female 1.51 (1.08-2.10) 1.96 (1.10-3.47) 1.35 (0.77-2.38) 1.93 (0.69-5.36)

5.88* 5.29* 1.10 1.59

Marital status

Marriedb 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 -

Never Married 0.70 (0.44-1.09) 0.68 (0.31-1.46) 1.09 (0.58-2.04) 0.60 (0.17-2.08)

Sep/Wid/Divorced 2.30 (1.26-4.18) 1.97 (0.84-4.64) 2.21 (0.98-4.99) 2.31 (0.59-9.01)

7.89* 2.81 3.90 1.96

Income

Lowc 1.02 (0.59-1.77) 0.94 (0.38-2.32) 1.58 (0.77-3.22) 1.40 (0.39-5.09)

Low-Mid 1.17 (0.65-2.11) 1.19 (0.50-2.80) 1.50 (0.82-2.72) 1.61 (0.50-5.13)

Mid-High 1.01 (0.60-1.68) 0.81 (0.39-1.68) 1.20 (0.61-2.34) 1.07 (0.39-2.94)

High 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 -

0.38 1.32 2.14 0.95

Education level

None 0.95 (0.46-1.97) 0.81 (0.32-2.09) 0.96 (0.33-2.85) 0.87 (0.19-3.98)

< Primary 1.33 (0.57-3.12) 0.98 (0.27-3.61) 1.86 (0.63-5.43) 0.71 (0.14-3.65)

Primary 0.97 (0.47-2.03) 1.07 (0.42-2.77) 1.07 (0.37-3.09) 1.00 (0.17-5.78)

< Secondary 0.89 (0.50-1.59) 0.55 (0.24-1.28) 0.74 (0.33-1.66) 0.45 (0.12-1.74)

Secondary 0.56 (0.24-1.32) 0.29 (0.10-0.85) 0.45 (0.16-1.26) 0.37 (0.09-1.54)

Some College 0.60 (0.30-1.20) 0.28 (0.11-0.71) 0.66 (0.26-1.64) 0.12 (0.02-0.61)

College + 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 -

6.48 15.00* 11.81 16.63*

n) (4,332) (335) (4,332) (182)


Appendix Table 7. Socio-demographic correlates of MDD prevalence by lifetime and 12-month DSM-IV/CIDI major depressive disorder (MDD) and of comorbid anxiety disordersa among those with MDD in the Lebanon WMH survey

Lifetime 12-Month


Age

18-34 0.94 (0.47-1.85) 1.03 (0.46-2.29) 1.59 (0.71-3.55) 0.37 (0.11-1.31)

35-49 1.74 (0.89-3.42) 1.84 (0.72-4.74) 2.94 (1.23-7.04) 0.93 (0.25-3.37)

50-64 1.51 (0.77-2.96) 0.87 (0.39-1.96) 2.73 (1.51-4.92) 0.66 (0.19-2.23)

65+ 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 -

6.38 4.18 11.81* 4.00

Gender

Male 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 -

Female 1.88 (1.29-2.73) 2.25 (1.37-3.70) 1.88 (1.11-3.18) 5.47 (2.09-14.35)

10.74* 10.32* 5.51* 11.95*

Marital status

Marriedb 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 -

Never Married 1.50 (0.98-2.31) 1.49 (0.88-2.51) 1.68 (0.81-3.51) 2.40 (1.05-5.49)

Sep/Wid/Divorced 3.42 (2.15-5.47) 3.43 (1.67-7.05) 3.08 (1.45-6.55) 2.08 (0.79-5.46)

32.08* 15.57* 10.16* 6.78*

Income

Lowc 0.74 (0.40-1.36) 0.70 (0.28-1.73) 1.07 (0.53-2.19) 1.09 (0.38-3.11)

Low-Mid 0.96 (0.49-1.90) 0.62 (0.35-1.10) 1.12 (0.42-2.94) 0.33 (0.15-0.74)

Mid-High 1.12 (0.64-1.95) 1.02 (0.53-1.94) 0.82 (0.43-1.56) 1.18 (0.37-3.84)

High 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 -

1.77 3.60 0.88 8.02*

Education level

None 1.18 (0.45-3.13) 2.29 (0.59-8.92) 1.30 (0.47-3.59) 0.10 (0.02-0.63)

< Primary 0.85 (0.46-1.55) 1.48 (0.57-3.84) 0.75 (0.34-1.65) 0.50 (0.11-2.18)

Primary 1.16 (0.51-2.61) 1.76 (0.58-5.34) 0.96 (0.31-2.95) 0.71 (0.10-4.95)

< Secondary 0.97 (0.50-1.89) 2.24 (0.95-5.26) 0.87 (0.38-1.97) 1.28 (0.40-4.07)

Secondary 0.88 (0.45-1.75) 1.30 (0.51-3.30) 1.00 (0.42-2.39) 1.15 (0.31-4.28)

Some College 1.35 (0.71-2.57) 1.30 (0.49-3.46) 1.68 (0.82-3.43) 0.62 (0.10-3.79)

College + 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 -

3.48 5.91 7.52 9.59

n) (1,031) (281) (1,031) (126)


Appendix Table 8. Socio-demographic correlates of MDD prevalence by lifetime and 12-month DSM-IV/CIDI major depressive disorder (MDD) and of comorbid anxiety disordersa among those with MDD in the Mexico WMH survey

Lifetime 12-Month


Age

18-34b 0.86 (0.58-1.28) 1.58 (0.81-3.10) 0.97 (0.64-1.47) 1.48 (0.76-2.90)

35-49 0.94 (0.61-1.45) 1.41 (0.68-2.92) 1.08 (0.67-1.74) 1.11 (0.53-2.33)

50-64 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 -

65+ 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 -

0.77 1.87 0.23 1.50

Gender

Male 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 -

Female 2.05 (1.51-2.77) 2.50 (1.62-3.86) 1.75 (1.15-2.66) 1.67 (0.88-3.19)

21.73* 17.16* 6.83* 2.44

Marital status

Marriedc 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 -

Never Married 1.02 (0.71-1.47) 1.02 (0.61-1.72) 0.94 (0.54-1.62) 1.17 (0.53-2.58)

Sep/Wid/Divorced 2.12 (1.38-3.24) 1.98 (1.11-3.51) 1.93 (1.16-3.23) 2.43 (1.28-4.60)

12.43* 5.45 6.49* 7.48*

Income

Lowd 1.04 (0.73-1.49) 1.05 (0.63-1.73) 1.68 (1.09-2.59) 1.57 (0.74-3.36)

Low-Mid 0.97 (0.63-1.49) 1.36 (0.73-2.53) 1.57 (0.91-2.71) 1.46 (0.60-3.57)

Mid-High 0.96 (0.67-1.38) 1.24 (0.77-2.00) 1.13 (0.69-1.86) 1.51 (0.66-3.48)

High 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 -

0.25 1.56 6.82 1.43

Education level

None 1.43 (0.71-2.87) 1.17 (0.46-2.93) 1.94 (0.77-4.89) 2.19 (0.52-9.19)

< Primary 1.03 (0.56-1.91) 0.94 (0.43-2.09) 1.25 (0.49-3.20) 1.31 (0.35-4.86)

Primary 0.69 (0.39-1.21) 0.46 (0.21-1.01) 1.09 (0.49-2.45) 1.30 (0.38-4.43)

< Secondary 0.86 (0.53-1.39) 0.67 (0.33-1.36) 1.02 (0.47-2.22) 1.41 (0.46-4.29)

Secondary 0.90 (0.50-1.61) 0.56 (0.22-1.41) 1.04 (0.38-2.84) 0.93 (0.13-6.44)

Some College 0.81 (0.32-2.07) 0.47 (0.18-1.24) 1.08 (0.43-2.71) 1.38 (0.43-4.39)

College + 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 -

5.76 10.52 3.16 3.03

n) (2,362) (463) (2,362) (231)

*Significant at the .05 level, two-sided test. aAnxiety disorders include generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder with or without agoraphobia, agoraphobia without a history of panic disorder, specific phobia, social phobia, separation anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder.bRespondents ages 18-34 and 34-59 were compared to those 50+ because of a truncation of the upper end of the sample age distribution (see Appendix Table 1).cMarital status at interview.d Relative income based on country-specific quartiles.

Appendix Table 9. Socio-demographic correlates of MDD prevalence by lifetime and 12-month DSM-IV/CIDI major depressive disorder (MDD) and of comorbid anxiety disordersa among those with MDD in the Nigeria WMH survey

Lifetime 12-Month


Age

18-34 0.72 (0.36-1.46) 1.67 (0.41-6.86) 1.13 (0.35-3.65) 0.96 (0.14-6.56)

35-49 0.99 (0.52-1.90) 1.31 (0.29-5.88) 0.61 (0.16-2.33) 0.27 (0.02-4.06)

50-64 1.24 (0.74-2.06) 0.93 (0.22-4.06) 1.17 (0.44-3.13) 0.67 (0.03-14.85)

65+ 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 -

4.19 0.79 3.02 2.13

Gender

Male 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 -

Female 1.04 (0.73-1.49) 1.22 (0.49-3.06) 0.70 (0.33-1.47) 0.63 (0.05-8.08)

0.05 0.18 0.88 0.13

Marital status

Marriedb 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 -

Never Married 0.65 (0.30-1.43) 0.48 (0.07-3.09) 0.36 (0.10-1.28) 0.35 (0.01-8.74)

Sep/Wid/Divorced 1.80 (1.05-3.08) 1.51 (0.48-4.72) 1.89 (0.74-4.82) 0.00d (0.00-0.00)

5.16 1.04 3.71 3456.76*

Income

Lowc 0.81 (0.47-1.38) 1.22 (0.36-4.10) 1.12 (0.49-2.57) 1.04 (0.07-15.40)

Low-Mid 0.96 (0.54-1.73) 1.60 (0.45-5.78) 1.11 (0.39-3.22) 0.84 (0.04-16.44)

Mid-High 0.90 (0.57-1.41) 1.19 (0.52-2.72) 1.40 (0.69-2.84) 0.72 (0.25-2.08)

High 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 -

0.76 0.55 1.10 0.63

Education level

None 1.26 (0.52-3.04) 0.57 (0.08-3.88) 0.91 (0.25-3.27) 1.45 (0.12-18.15)

< Primary 1.01 (0.43-2.38) 0.37 (0.03-4.04) 0.40 (0.07-2.33) 0.00e (0.00-0.00)

Primary 1.03 (0.40-2.66) 0.95 (0.17-5.35) 0.37 (0.09-1.57) 1.35 (0.09-20.35)

< Secondary 1.43 (0.56-3.68) 0.99 (0.17-5.84) 1.63 (0.58-4.61) 8.39 (0.73-96.68)

Secondary 1.73 (0.55-5.42) 0.23 (0.02-2.77) 1.92 (0.41-8.90) 1.41 (0.10-20.07)

Some College 0.82 (0.33-1.99) 0.14 (0.01-1.67) 0.97 (0.34-2.76) 0.00e (0.00-0.00)

College + 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 -

6.52 5.63 14.35 6531.42*

n) (2,143) (220) (2,143) (72)

*Significant at the .05 level, two-sided test. aAnxiety disorders include generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder with or without agoraphobia, agoraphobia without a history of panic disorder, specific phobia, social phobia, separation anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder.bMarital status at interview.c Relative income based on country-specific quartiles.dThe large value is due to the fact that no previously married respondent had 12-month comorbid MDDeThe large value is due to the fact that none of the respondents with either less than primary school education or some college education had 12-month comorbid MDD.

Appendix Table 10. Socio-demographic correlates of MDD prevalence by lifetime and 12-month DSM-IV/CIDI major depressive disorder (MDD) and of comorbid anxiety disordersa among those with MDD in the Peru WMH survey

Lifetime 12-Month


Age

18-34 0.72 (0.16-3.19) 0.45 (0.06-3.25) 0.35 (0.07-1.76) 0.16 (0.03-0.96)

35-49 1.03 (0.23-4.52) 0.73 (0.11-5.03) 0.57 (0.12-2.78) 0.28 (0.05-1.40)

50-64 0.78 (0.17-3.51) 0.44 (0.06-3.22) 0.39 (0.08-2.03) 0.22 (0.04-1.35)

65+ 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 -

4.35 7.96* 6.07 4.39

Gender

Male 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 -

Female 1.61 (1.17-2.22) 1.58 (0.94-2.65) 1.57 (1.08-2.29) 1.31 (0.62-2.75)

8.56* 3.02 5.64* 0.50

Marital status

Marriedb 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 -

Never Married 1.35 (0.97-1.88) 1.01 (0.63-1.62) 1.57 (0.86-2.88) 1.16 (0.51-2.64)

Sep/Wid/Divorced 2.18 (1.44-3.32) 2.25 (1.14-4.47) 1.83 (1.00-3.38) 1.64 (0.63-4.29)

19.29* 5.72 4.59 1.17

Income

Lowc 0.88 (0.57-1.35) 0.89 (0.52-1.52) 1.22 (0.62-2.41) 1.24 (0.38-4.04)

Low-Mid 0.88 (0.62-1.26) 0.56 (0.30-1.04) 1.01 (0.44-2.29) 0.93 (0.38-2.29)

Mid-High 0.73 (0.53-0.99) 0.66 (0.37-1.17) 0.63 (0.27-1.48) 1.22 (0.53-2.83)

High 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 -

4.35 4.59 3.47 0.85

Education level

None 1.92 (0.57-6.40) 3.69 (0.46-29.34) 1.49 (0.26-8.63) 0.00d (0.00-0.00)

< Primary 0.94 (0.44-1.97) 1.31 (0.54-3.19) 1.23 (0.43-3.47) 1.81 (0.51-6.39)

Primary 2.05 (0.99-4.25) 2.83 (0.97-8.32) 1.83 (0.72-4.63) 0.66 (0.07-6.09)

< Secondary 0.91 (0.43-1.89) 2.70 (1.20-6.09) 0.92 (0.31-2.74) 2.43 (0.71-8.31)

Secondary 1.03 (0.63-1.69) 1.95 (1.00-3.79) 1.12 (0.51-2.48) 1.57 (0.57-4.34)

Some College 1.04 (0.59-1.85) 1.92 (0.88-4.18) 0.79 (0.34-1.82) 0.97 (0.31-3.05)

College + 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 -

18.83* 11.08 6.77 6639.57*

n) (1,801) (236) (1,801) (99)

*Significant at the .05 level, two-sided test. aAnxiety disorders include generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder with or without agoraphobia, agoraphobia without a history of panic disorder, specific phobia, social phobia, separation anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder.bMarital status at interview.c Relative income based on country-specific quartiles.dThe large value is due to the fact that none of the respondents with no education had 12-month comorbid MDD.

Appendix Table 11. Socio-demographic correlates of MDD prevalence by lifetime and 12-month DSM-IV/CIDI major depressive disorder (MDD) and of comorbid anxiety disordersa among those with MDD in the Beijing, People’s Republic of China WMH survey

Lifetime 12-Month


Age

18-34 3.05 (0.88-10.57) 6.86 (0.59-79.68) 16.58 (2.65-103.65) 29.14 (1.50-567.42)

35-49 1.69 (0.57-5.00) 3.49 (0.42-29.15) 6.55 (1.36-31.61) 9.07 (0.69-118.68)

50-64 2.75 (1.04-7.24) 7.37 (1.23-44.28) 7.74 (1.73-34.67) 23.42 (2.54-215.81)

65+ 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 -

7.64 10.05* 9.83* 10.93*

Gender

Male 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 -

Female 0.89 (0.58-1.39) 1.48 (0.65-3.39) 0.72 (0.39-1.34) 2.52 (0.78-8.15)

0.25 0.87 1.07 2.40

Marital status

Marriedb 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 -

Never Married 0.60 (0.28-1.30) 0.92 (0.27-3.22) 0.41 (0.14-1.25) 0.65 (0.11-3.84)

Sep/Wid/Divorced 2.54 (1.27-5.08) 3.51 (0.99-12.49) 4.52 (1.85-11.08) 5.97 (1.81-19.66)

8.89* 3.76 15.00* 8.64*

Income

Lowc 0.87 (0.47-1.61) 0.40 (0.10-1.66) 2.08 (0.88-4.93) 0.68 (0.09-4.88)

Low-Mid 0.76 (0.40-1.45) 0.46 (0.14-1.48) 1.91 (0.63-5.80) 0.58 (0.07-4.82)

Mid-High 1.28 (0.73-2.21) 1.68 (0.64-4.45) 3.07 (1.21-7.75) 3.62 (0.86-15.21)

High 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 -

2.18 4.11 6.09 5.74

Education level

None 3.29 (0.55-19.92) 6.20 (0.52-73.57) 45.51 (5.09-406.72) --d --d

< Primary 0.58 (0.09-3.70) 0.93 (0.05-18.78) 2.95 (0.21-41.20) --d --d

Primary 0.65 (0.11-3.86) 0.00e (0.00-0.00) 0.49 (0.03-8.58) 1.43 (0.30-6.84)

< Secondary 0.92 (0.29-2.88) 0.54 (0.12-2.44) 2.71 (0.36-20.30) --d --d

Secondary 0.94 (0.30-2.97) 0.38 (0.07-2.16) 4.15 (0.60-28.76) --d --d

Some College 0.70 (0.22-2.28) 0.16 (0.03-0.99) 2.24 (0.31-16.49) --d --d

College + 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 -

7.47 2424.13* 31.73* --d

n) (1,628) (177) (1,628) (87)

*Significant at the .05 level, two-sided test. aAnxiety disorders include generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder with or without agoraphobia, agoraphobia without a history of panic disorder, specific phobia, social phobia, separation anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder.bMarital status at interview.c Relative income based on country-specific quartiles.d Algorithm did not convergeeThe large value is due to the fact that no respondents with primary school education had 12-month comorbid MDD.

Appendix Table 12. Socio-demographic correlates of MDD prevalence by lifetime and 12-month DSM-IV/CIDI major depressive disorder (MDD) and of comorbid anxiety disordersa among those with MDD in the Shenzheng, People’s Republic of China WMH survey

Lifetime 12-Month


Age

18-34 1.57 (0.57-4.34) 1.86 (0.24-14.51) 1.97 (0.42-9.17) 0.85 (0.10-7.25)

35-49 1.22 (0.41-3.67) 0.44 (0.05-3.82) 1.60 (0.35-7.27) 0.09 (0.01-0.89)

50-64 2.00 (0.68-5.86) 0.04 (0.00-0.74) 1.56 (0.22-11.15) 0.08 (0.00-1.53)

65+ 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 -

2.89 10.81* 0.91 17.2*

Gender

Male 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 -

Female 1.26 (0.86-1.82) 1.28 (0.60-2.75) 1.25 (0.77-2.03) 2.32 (0.86-6.31)

1.43 0.40 0.78 2.74

Marital status

Marriedb 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 -

Never Married 0.95 (0.64-1.43) 0.41 (0.18-0.95) 0.76 (0.46-1.25) 0.50 (0.20-1.20)

Sep/Wid/Divorced 8.44 (2.85-25.02) 18.56 (3.42-100.58) 3.32 (1.29-8.53) 3.47 (0.79-15.18)

14.89* 14.49* 7.43* 5.73

Income

Lowc 1.03 (0.61-1.76) 1.89 (0.89-3.99) 1.09 (0.52-2.29) 1.29 (0.60-2.77)

Low-Mid 0.90 (0.54-1.50) 0.92 (0.36-2.35) 1.40 (0.73-2.70) 0.79 (0.25-2.48)

Mid-High 1.03 (0.60-1.75) 0.56 (0.22-1.42) 0.81 (0.45-1.49) 0.53 (0.19-1.53)

High 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 -

0.56 7.94* 4.17 2.34

Education level

None 0.02 (0.00-0.19) 0.15 (0.00-8.84) 0.09 (0.01-1.18) 0.00e (0.00-0.00)

< Primary 0.16 (0.03-0.82) 0.00d (0.00-0.00) 0.09 (0.01-0.56) 0.00 (0.00-0.00)

Primary 0.14 (0.04-0.51) 0.13 (0.01-1.40) 0.15 (0.02-0.99) 0.11 (0.01-1.32)

< Secondary 0.18 (0.07-0.49) 1.02 (0.19-5.50) 0.37 (0.12-1.11) 0.49 (0.10-2.39)

Secondary 0.21 (0.09-0.51) 0.53 (0.10-2.75) 0.48 (0.17-1.37) 0.29 (0.05-1.70)

Some College 0.28 (0.11-0.71) 1.15 (0.26-5.15) 0.58 (0.20-1.66) 0.64 (0.16-2.59)

College + 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 -

23.02* 670.29* 16.44* 597.85*

n) (2,475) (349) (2,475) (222)

*Significant at the .05 level, two-sided test. aAnxiety disorders include generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder with or without agoraphobia, agoraphobia without a history of panic disorder, specific phobia, social phobia, separation anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder.bMarital status at interview.c Relative income based on country-specific quartiles.dThe large value is due to the fact that no respondents with less than primary school education had lifetime comorbid MDD.eThe large value is due to the fact that no respondents with no education had 12-month comorbid MDD.

Appendix Table 13. Socio-demographic correlates of MDD prevalence by lifetime and 12-month DSM-IV/CIDI major depressive disorder (MDD) and of comorbid anxiety disordersa among those with MDD in the Romania WMH survey

Lifetime 12-Month


Age

18-34 0.52 (0.24-1.15) 0.97 (0.22-4.19) 0.43 (0.12-1.59) 0.00d (0.00-0.00)

35-49 0.53 (0.20-1.42) 0.25 (0.05-1.37) 0.50 (0.15-1.62) 0.36 (0.04-2.91)

50-64 0.99 (0.60-1.65) 1.99 (0.83-4.81) 1.25 (0.42-3.71) 2.89 (1.04-8.05)

65+ 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 -

3.27 5.96 3.44 3181.33*

Gender

Male 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 -

Female 1.04 (0.60-1.79) 0.89 (0.31-2.56) 1.01 (0.46-2.19) 0.20 (0.05-0.72)

0.02 0.05 0.00 6.08*

Marital status

Marriedb 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 -

Never Married 0.98 (0.40-2.44) 0.10 (0.01-1.13) 2.01 (0.59-6.88) 0.00e (0.00-0.00)

Sep/Wid/Divorced 3.35 (1.79-6.26) 2.22 (1.22-4.04) 2.21 (0.84-5.85) 6.62 (1.55-28.37)

18.71* 8.81* 2.70 1068.15*

Income

Lowc 1.18 (0.58-2.43) 1.34 (0.39-4.55) 0.95 (0.34-2.64) 0.60 (0.06-5.64)

Low-Mid 0.00 (0.67-2.51) 1.43 (0.40-5.11) 1.19 (0.50-2.85) 1.60 (0.22-11.75)

Mid-High 1.77 (0.79-3.98) 3.50 (0.81-15.06) 1.76 (0.60-5.19) 3.05 (0.50-18.38)

High 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 -

2.61 3.37 2.12 3.36

Education level

None 0.16 (0.02-1.50) 1.70 (0.13-23.01) 0.44 (0.04-4.46) 0.00f (0.00-0.00)

< Primary 0.65 (0.12-3.47) 0.00f (0.00-0.00) 1.99 (0.29-13.68) 0.00f (0.00-0.00)

Primary 0.82 (0.32-2.14) 1.45 (0.21-10.02) 0.96 (0.23-4.06) 1.38 (0.08-24.53)

< Secondary 1.01 (0.45-2.24) 2.37 (0.41-13.79) 0.96 (0.32-2.85) 2.9 (0.21-40.32)

Secondary 1.60 (0.73-3.54) 2.97 (0.47-18.54) 1.74 (0.67-4.52) 3.28 (0.25-42.81)

Some College 0.32 (0.04-2.65) 0.00f (0.00-0.00) 0.00g (0.00-0.00) 0.00f (0.00-0.00)

College + 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 -

81.26* 5301.62* 2644.00* 3043.40*

n) (2,357) (92) (2,357) (40)

*Significant at the .05 level, two-sided test. aAnxiety disorders include generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder with or without agoraphobia, agoraphobia without a history of panic disorder, specific phobia, social phobia, separation anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder.bMarital status at interview.c Relative income based on country-specific quartiles.dThe large value is due to the fact that no respondents ages 18-34 had 12-month comorbid MDD. eThe large value is due to the fact that no never-married respondents had 12-month comorbid MDD. fThe large value is due to the fact that no respondents with either primary school education or some college had comorbid lifetime (or 12-month) MDD. gThe large value is due to the fact that no respondents with some college education had 12-month MDD.

Appendix Table 14. Socio-demographic correlates of MDD prevalence by lifetime and 12-month DSM-IV/CIDI major depressive disorder (MDD) and of comorbid anxiety disordersa among those with MDD in the Australia WMH survey

Lifetime 12-Month


Age

18-34 1.77 (1.26-2.49) 2.64 (1.63-4.29) 3.13 (1.60-6.12) 3.85 (1.46-10.14)

35-49 3.43 (2.64-4.47) 5.25 (3.59-7.68) 5.72 (3.39-9.64) 8.02 (3.75-17.15)

50-64 2.31 (1.77-3.02) 3.66 (2.57-5.22) 2.80 (1.72-4.55) 4.65 (2.35-9.21)

65+ 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 -

111.10* 92.34* 49.93* 33.50*

Gender

Male 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 -

Female 1.65 (1.38-1.98) 1.91 (1.54-2.37) 1.54 (1.11-2.13) 1.76 (1.14-2.71)

29.36* 34.62* 6.85* 6.50*

Marital status

Marriedb 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 -

Never Married 1.29 (1.02-1.63) 1.16 (0.83-1.61) 1.48 (0.96-2.29) 1.50 (0.77-2.92)

Sep/Wid/Divorced 1.98 (1.58-2.49) 1.96 (1.39-2.77) 2.23 (1.53-3.24) 2.37 (1.40-4.02)

36.72* 14.68* 18.40* 10.44*

Income

Lowc 1.49 (1.10-2.01) 1.93 (1.37-2.73) 2.02 (1.29-3.15) 2.08 (1.22-3.55)

Low-Mid 1.27 (0.96-1.69) 1.56 (1.11-2.19) 1.41 (0.88-2.27) 2.19 (1.25-3.87)

Mid-High 1.18 (0.89-1.57) 1.51 (1.08-2.13) 1.10 (0.70-1.71) 1.31 (0.73-2.35)

High 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 -

6.96 15.74* 12.74* 9.50*

Education level

None - - - - - - - -

< Primary 0.93 (0.63-1.38) 0.98 (0.59-1.62) 1.71 (0.87-3.37) 2.05 (0.90-4.68)

Primary - - - - - - - -

< Secondary 0.70 (0.55-0.90) 0.84 (0.57-1.23) 0.90 (0.53-1.52) 1.10 (0.53-2.28)

Secondary 0.86 (0.62-1.20) 1.12 (0.71-1.76) 0.70 (0.44-1.13) 0.87 (0.45-1.67)

Some College 0.68 (0.52-0.89) 0.82 (0.58-1.16) 0.95 (0.63-1.43) 0.92 (0.54-1.56)

College + 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 -

10.43* 2.70 6.04 6.11

n) (8,841) (1,174) (8,841) (446)


Appendix Table 15. Socio-demographic correlates of MDD prevalence by lifetime and 12-month DSM-IV/CIDI major depressive disorder (MDD) and of comorbid anxiety disordersa among those with MDD in the Belgium WMH survey

Lifetime 12-Month


Age

18-34 2.04 (1.31-3.19) 2.66 (1.14-6.21) 2.90 (1.31-6.39) 3.72 (0.88-15.70)

35-49 2.74 (1.68-4.47) 3.79 (1.80-7.99) 2.75 (1.26-5.98) 3.91 (1.24-12.31)

50-64 3.46 (2.08-5.74) 4.19 (1.84-9.54) 2.73 (1.32-5.64) 2.79 (0.78-10.01)

65+ 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 -

29.45* 16.71* 10.48* 6.48

Gender

Male 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 -

Female 1.91 (1.36-2.67) 1.63 (0.91-2.89) 1.59 (0.81-3.13) 1.55 (0.80-3.02)

14.12* 2.75 1.80 1.69

Marital status

Marriedb 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 -

Never Married 1.36 (0.88-2.09) 0.77 (0.40-1.46) 1.19 (0.63-2.25) 0.38 (0.09-1.51)

Sep/Wid/Divorced 2.15 (1.51-3.05) 2.03 (0.92-4.46) 1.78 (0.98-3.22) 1.87 (0.45-7.83)

21.31* 3.20 3.58 2.26

Income

Lowc 1.56 (0.75-3.26) 3.85 (0.89-16.56) 2.75 (1.25-6.05) 15.26 (2.48-93.79)

Low-Mid 1.09 (0.71-1.66) 3.34 (1.07-10.47) 1.20 (0.56-2.56) 7.79 (1.54-39.43)

Mid-High 1.03 (0.66-1.59) 3.69 (1.24-11.00) 1.48 (0.69-3.18) 6.60 (1.36-31.98)

High 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 -

2.41 5.65 6.99 8.69*

Education level

None 0.70 (0.11-4.53) 1.19 (0.07-20.08) 1.22 (0.09-15.82) 2.54 (0.22-28.95)

< Primary 1.81 (0.41-8.11) 1.61 (0.20-12.63) 2.21 (0.61-8.03) 2.52 (0.31-20.19)

Primary 1.00 (0.25-3.92) 1.06 (0.28-4.09) 1.86 (0.29-12.09) 1.22 (0.20-7.42)

< Secondary 1.52 (0.85-2.72) 1.11 (0.51-2.42) 1.09 (0.48-2.46) 0.50 (0.17-1.48)

Secondary 1.18 (0.76-1.84) 1.80 (0.86-3.78) 1.26 (0.55-2.90) 0.83 (0.24-2.88)

Some College 1.26 (0.73-2.18) 1.19 (0.60-2.36) 1.48 (0.53-4.14) 0.81 (0.28-2.35)

College + 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 -

3.82 3.40 6.46 6.21

n) (1,043) (348) (1,043) (105)


Appendix Table 16. Socio-demographic correlates of MDD prevalence by lifetime and 12-month DSM-IV/CIDI major depressive disorder (MDD) and of comorbid anxiety disordersa among those with MDD in the France WMH survey

Lifetime 12-Month


Age

18-34 1.36 (0.90-2.06) 1.83 (0.97-3.47) 3.26 (1.47-7.23) 4.86 (1.31-18.05)

35-49 1.50 (1.04-2.16) 1.83 (1.01-3.33) 2.87 (1.48-5.57) 3.84 (1.23-12.02)

50-64 1.78 (1.07-2.96) 1.39 (0.72-2.68) 3.09 (1.47-6.48) 2.50 (0.72-8.64)

65+ 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 -

5.65 6.04 11.39* 7.21

Gender

Male 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 -

Female 2.14 (1.70-2.70) 3.10 (2.19-4.37) 1.80 (1.25-2.60) 3.84 (2.24-6.58)

41.48* 41.13* 9.90* 23.84*

Marital status

Marriedb 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 -

Never Married 1.13 (0.78-1.63) 1.33 (0.90-1.97) 1.40 (0.75-2.62) 1.53 (0.60-3.88)

Sep/Wid/Divorced 1.83 (1.31-2.57) 2.13 (1.47-3.08) 1.83 (1.15-2.92) 3.40 (1.71-6.78)

15.00* 18.24* 8.63* 12.13*

Income

Lowc 1.11 (0.70-1.76) 1.14 (0.66-2.00) 1.93 (0.90-4.14) 2.75 (1.25-6.05)

Low-Mid 0.74 (0.54-1.01) 0.83 (0.51-1.36) 1.14 (0.60-2.18) 1.66 (0.72-3.81)

Mid-High 0.94 (0.67-1.33) 1.08 (0.65-1.77) 0.96 (0.52-1.79) 1.13 (0.51-2.52)

High 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 -

6.34 1.98 6.66 7.35

Education level

< Secondaryd - - - - - - - -

Secondary 0.64 (0.40-1.02) 1.18 (0.78-1.79) 0.53 (0.30-0.95) 0.79 (0.34-1.80)

Some College 0.73 (0.43-1.23) 1.06 (0.57-1.95) 0.49 (0.25-0.93) 0.93 (0.28-3.14)

College + 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 -

3.72 0.99 5.50 0.66

n) (1,436) (612) (1,436) (158)

*Significant at the .05 level, two-sided test. aAnxiety disorders include generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder with or without agoraphobia, agoraphobia without a history of panic disorder, specific phobia, social phobia, separation anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder.bMarital status at interview.c Relative income based on country-specific quartiles.dIncluding respondents with no education

Appendix Table 17. Socio-demographic correlates of MDD prevalence by lifetime and 12-month DSM-IV/CIDI major depressive disorder (MDD) and of comorbid anxiety disordersa among those with MDD in the Germany WMH survey

Lifetime 12-Month


Age

18-34 2.48 (1.53-4.01) 4.28 (2.00-9.16) 4.33 (1.76-10.64) 12.45 (1.95-79.46)

35-49 2.29 (1.44-3.65) 2.80 (1.30-6.01) 2.81 (1.14-6.97) 7.94 (1.60-39.47)

50-64 1.99 (1.27-3.10) 3.21 (1.67-6.18) 3.30 (1.49-7.31) 8.51 (1.62-44.69)

65+ 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 -

15.52* 15.40* 12.49 7.18

Gender

Male 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 -

Female 1.68 (1.19-2.38) 1.60 (0.93-2.73) 1.48 (0.72-3.03) 2.21 (1.05-4.67)

8.74* 2.10 1.15 4.35*

Marital status

Marriedb 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 -

Never Married 1.05 (0.67-1.65) 1.11 (0.60-2.03) 1.57 (0.84-2.93) 2.02 (0.94-4.35)

Sep/Wid/Divorced 2.00 (1.29-3.12) 1.55 (0.82-2.94) 3.27 (1.93-5.54) 3.32 (1.43-7.71)

9.43* 2.11 19.64* 8.46*

Income

Lowc 0.95 (0.68-1.33) 1.02 (0.67-1.55) 1.89 (0.96-3.71) 1.67 (0.73-3.85)

Low-Mid 1.03 (0.62-1.71) 1.01 (0.51-2.01) 1.97 (0.78-4.96) 1.04 (0.40-2.72)

Mid-High 1.01 (0.63-1.61) 0.74 (0.46-1.19) 1.43 (0.75-2.76) 0.66 (0.22-1.97)

High 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 -

0.24 1.97 3.62 3.95

Education level

None 1.87 (0.14-24.08) 4.90 (0.32-74.44) 11.17 (0.68-183.53) 14.15 (0.67-299.94)

< Primary/Primary 2.08 (0.08-51.52) 4.78 (0.19-120.79) 0.00 (0.00-0.00) 0.00 (0.00-0.00)

< Secondary 0.85 (0.26-2.74) 1.42 (0.34-5.93) 0.86 (0.10-7.68) 0.76 (0.05-10.89)

Secondary 0.96 (0.47-1.95) 0.85 (0.33-2.20) 1.30 (0.29-5.90) 0.95 (0.16-5.79)

Some College 0.64 (0.31-1.32) 0.43 (0.16-1.16) 1.12 (0.24-5.27) 0.50 (0.08-3.25)

College + 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 -

3.42 7.52 245.98 109.53

n) (1,323) (372) (1,323) (109)


Appendix Table 18. Socio-demographic correlates of MDD prevalence by lifetime and 12-month DSM-IV/CIDI major depressive disorder (MDD) and of comorbid anxiety disordersa among those with MDD in the Israel WMH survey

Lifetime 12-Month


Age

18-34 1.13 (0.77-1.67) 0.57 (0.26-1.23) 1.24 (0.74-2.09) 0.83 (0.28-2.48)

35-49 1.13 (0.79-1.61) 1.01 (0.53-1.90) 1.21 (0.77-1.92) 1.07 (0.44-2.64)

50-64 1.30 (0.92-1.85) 0.89 (0.45-1.75) 1.29 (0.82-2.04) 0.72 (0.26-2.01)

65+ 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 -

2.49 3.46 1.22 0.88

Gender

Male 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 -

Female 1.60 (1.31-1.96) 1.72 (1.12-2.65) 1.55 (1.18-2.02) 1.38 (0.73-2.60)

20.66* 6.14* 10.13* 0.98

Marital status

Marriedb 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 -

Never Married 1.56 (1.17-2.09) 2.61 (1.44-4.72) 1.46 (1.00-2.11) 1.77 (0.68-4.61)

Sep/Wid/Divorced 1.81 (1.36-2.41) 1.46 (0.77-2.75) 2.17 (1.51-3.12) 1.94 (0.84-4.49)

22.77* 10.38* 19.51* 3.23

Income

Lowc 1.48 (1.06-2.06) 2.15 (1.08-4.28) 2.13 (1.37-3.31) 14.24 (1.82-111.16)

Low-Mid 1.27 (0.93-1.74) 1.45 (0.71-2.96) 1.76 (1.14-2.72) 9.59 (1.20-76.73)

Mid-High 1.21 (0.89-1.64) 1.91 (0.96-3.80) 1.61 (1.05-2.46) 10.76 (1.37-84.27)

High 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 -

5.48 5.74 11.45* 6.94

Education level

None 1.60 (0.84-3.04) 1.40 (0.46-4.20) 0.97 (0.40-2.35) 0.62 (0.08-5.02)

< Primary 0.91 (0.54-1.51) 1.56 (0.69-3.54) 1.16 (0.64-2.10) 1.60 (0.51-5.04)

Primary 1.09 (0.67-1.76) 1.78 (0.82-3.88) 1.42 (0.82-2.48) 2.30 (0.83-6.39)

< Secondary 1.41 (0.98-2.04) 1.46 (0.70-3.04) 1.19 (0.73-1.93) 0.74 (0.22-2.49)

Secondary 1.00 (0.77-1.31) 0.87 (0.49-1.55) 1.09 (0.77-1.54) 0.87 (0.38-2.02)

Some College 1.01 (0.73-1.40) 0.60 (0.28-1.32) 0.91 (0.59-1.42) 0.35 (0.09-1.41)

College + 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 -

6.91 8.50 2.71 8.41

n) (4,859) (484) (4,859) (280)


Appendix Table 19. Socio-demographic correlates of MDD prevalence by lifetime and 12-month DSM-IV/CIDI major depressive disorder (MDD) and of comorbid anxiety disordersa among those with MDD in the Italy WMH survey

Lifetime 12-Month


Age

18-34 0.71 (0.39-1.29) 0.71 (0.24-2.14) 0.77 (0.32-1.86) 0.79 (0.16-3.98)

35-49 1.39 (0.91-2.10) 1.85 (0.87-3.93) 0.96 (0.47-1.97) 1.75 (0.49-6.21)

50-64 1.36 (0.87-2.11) 1.41 (0.74-2.67) 1.37 (0.68-2.77) 1.63 (0.62-4.27)

65+ 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 -

21.93* 14.99* 5.26 4.09

Gender

Male 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 -

Female 2.39 (1.85-3.10) 3.15 (2.22-4.46) 2.50 (1.66-3.77) 4.10 (1.68-9.98)

44.24* 41.65* 19.02* 9.65*

Marital status

Marriedb 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 -

Never Married 1.44 (1.03-2.02) 1.17 (0.61-2.24) 1.94 (1.15-3.29) 1.28 (0.45-3.66)

Sep/Wid/Divorced 1.78 (1.12-2.81) 1.45 (0.83-2.51) 1.47 (0.79-2.74) 1.40 (0.57-3.43)

9.87* 1.89 6.42* 0.74

Income

Lowc 0.79 (0.53-1.18) 1.16 (0.64-2.09) 0.94 (0.44-2.01) 1.57 (0.40-6.23)

Low-Mid 1.09 (0.74-1.62) 1.23 (0.63-2.41) 0.86 (0.44-1.67) 1.10 (0.24-5.08)

Mid-High 0.96 (0.69-1.32) 1.49 (0.86-2.57) 0.60 (0.33-1.08) 1.37 (0.37-5.01)

High 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 -

4.49 3.06 5.22 1.37

Education level

None 1.49 (0.48-4.62) 6.17 (1.51-25.22) 1.43 (0.34-6.02) 0.00 (0.00-0.00)

< Primary 0.57 (0.36-0.91) 0.97 (0.47-2.04) 1.53 (0.65-3.61) 2.65 (0.58-12.15)

Primary 0.63 (0.45-0.90) 0.92 (0.49-1.75) 0.70 (0.30-1.65) 1.93 (0.47-8.00)

< Secondary 0.72 (0.47-1.10) 1.07 (0.49-2.35) 1.74 (0.76-3.99) 3.28 (0.70-15.38)

Secondary 0.69 (0.46-1.05) 1.16 (0.53-2.57) 0.57 (0.21-1.53) 0.74 (0.09-6.30)

Some College 1.00 (0.62-1.59) 0.99 (0.46-2.13) 1.57 (0.71-3.51) 1.85 (0.40-8.60)

College + 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 -

5.23 7.98 20.22* 349.50*

n) (1,779) (428) (1,779) (119)


Appendix Table 20. Socio-demographic correlates of MDD prevalence by lifetime and 12-month DSM-IV/CIDI major depressive disorder (MDD) and of comorbid anxiety disordersa among those with MDD in the Japan WMH survey

Lifetime 12-Month


Age

18-34 1.25 (0.69-2.29) 0.83 (0.35-1.99) 3.84 (1.29-11.42) 0.82 (0.20-3.39)

35-49 1.69 (0.96-3.00) 0.97 (0.35-2.71) 2.00 (0.75-5.36) 0.54 (0.09-3.29)

50-64 1.70 (1.03-2.82) 1.28 (0.46-3.57) 1.80 (0.80-4.05) 0.65 (0.21-1.95)

65+ 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 -

4.87 0.78 7.45 1.26

Gender

Male 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 -

Female 2.13 (1.38-3.29) 3.73 (1.95-7.15) 2.81 (1.61-4.88) 3.02 (1.39-6.57)

11.74* 15.72* 13.32* 7.77*

Marital status

Marriedb 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 -

Never Married 1.87 (1.09-3.20) 4.29 (2.06-8.91) 1.92 (1.02-3.61) 4.16 (1.71-10.15)

Sep/Wid/Divorced 2.49 (1.62-3.81) 3.08 (1.36-6.99) 3.52 (1.59-7.76) 3.63 (0.99-13.35)

18.83* 18.62* 10.29* 11.86*

Income

Lowc 1.30 (0.68-2.46) 0.99 (0.36-2.75) 0.64 (0.25-1.61) 0.81 (0.16-4.20)

Low-Mid 1.28 (0.84-1.95) 1.48 (0.66-3.33) 1.04 (0.45-2.40) 1.96 (0.46-8.40)

Mid-High 1.34 (0.86-2.07) 1.42 (0.59-3.42) 0.71 (0.32-1.58) 1.23 (0.29-5.17)

High 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 -

1.89 1.32 2.34 1.94

Education level

None 17.20 (0.49-603.53) 0.00 (0.00-0.00) 0.00 (0.00-0.00) 0.00 (0.00-0.00)

< Primary 0.00 (0.00-0.00) 0.00 (0.00-0.00) 0.00 (0.00-0.00) 0.00 (0.00-0.00)

Primary 0.15 (0.02-0.87) 0.23 (0.02-2.62) 0.00 (0.00-0.00) 0.00 (0.00-0.00)

< Secondary 0.28 (0.13-0.60) 0.18 (0.05-0.58) 0.36 (0.10-1.28) 0.28 (0.02-3.87)

Secondary 0.67 (0.37-1.22) 0.37 (0.13-1.06) 0.75 (0.29-1.95) 0.61 (0.10-3.54)

Some College 0.70 (0.41-1.20) 0.93 (0.43-2.01) 0.66 (0.30-1.46) 0.94 (0.24-3.71)

College + 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 -

210.91* 420.73* 1129.14 761.73

n) (1,682) (243) (1,682) (81)


Appendix Table 21. Socio-demographic correlates of MDD prevalence by lifetime and 12-month DSM-IV/CIDI major depressive disorder (MDD) and of comorbid anxiety disordersa among those with MDD in the Netherlands WMH survey

Lifetime 12-Month


Age

18-34 1.89 (1.07-3.32) 2.32 (1.13-4.77) 2.78 (1.00-7.76) 1.63 (0.42-6.24)

35-49 3.41 (2.08-5.61) 4.70 (2.75-8.03) 3.39 (1.40-8.20) 2.33 (0.68-8.00)

50-64 2.24 (1.34-3.76) 3.90 (2.20-6.94) 2.17 (1.15-4.11) 0.68 (0.20-2.29)

65+ 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 -

28.31* 46.47* 9.24* 4.74

Gender

Male 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 -

Female 2.22 (1.50-3.29) 2.88 (1.86-4.47) 2.60 (1.57-4.29) 3.76 (1.73-8.18)

15.75* 22.43* 13.81* 11.12*

Marital status

Marriedb 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 -

Never Married 1.85 (0.90-3.77) 1.48 (0.64-3.42) 2.38 (1.13-5.02) 2.34 (0.68-8.04)

Sep/Wid/Divorced 1.19 (0.73-1.95) 0.80 (0.42-1.50) 1.53 (0.84-2.77) 1.50 (0.59-3.82)

2.84 1.32 7.54* 3.47

Income

Lowc 0.56 (0.32-0.98) 1.47 (0.60-3.62) 0.62 (0.29-1.34) 1.56 (0.41-5.92)

Low-Mid 1.19 (0.64-2.20) 2.99 (1.45-6.16) 0.67 (0.27-1.68) 1.90 (0.52-6.91)

Mid-High 1.00 (0.60-1.67) 1.92 (1.11-3.31) 0.72 (0.36-1.43) 1.05 (0.38-2.89)

High 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 -

18.30* 13.76* 1.51 1.36

Education level

None 0.00 (0.00-0.00) 0.00 (0.00-0.00) 0.00 (0.00-0.00) 0.00 (0.00-0.01)

< Primary 1.22 (0.52-2.83) 1.53 (0.55-4.24) 1.80 (0.48-6.75) 1.07 (0.17-6.80)

Primary 1.11 (0.50-2.49) 0.77 (0.29-2.04) 1.10 (0.35-3.39) 0.75 (0.15-3.73)

< Secondary 1.21 (0.65-2.24) 1.30 (0.71-2.38) 1.58 (0.66-3.79) 1.22 (0.36-4.15)

Secondary 1.23 (0.66-2.28) 1.36 (0.80-2.30) 1.17 (0.42-3.27) 0.56 (0.12-2.50)

Some College 1.28 (0.71-2.31) 1.19 (0.66-2.14) 1.34 (0.57-3.19) 0.79 (0.28-2.20)

College + 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 -

65.94* 83.80* 73.66* 51.16*

n) (1,094) (450) (1,094) (125)


Appendix Table 22. Socio-demographic correlates of MDD prevalence by lifetime and 12-month DSM-IV/CIDI major depressive disorder (MDD) and of comorbid anxiety disordersa among those with MDD in the New Zealand WMH survey

Lifetime 12-Month


Age

18-34 2.60 (1.98-3.42) 3.74 (2.61-5.35) 6.45 (4.18-9.95) 6.46 (3.40-12.27)

35-49 2.95 (2.26-3.84) 4.24 (3.06-5.87) 5.80 (3.83-8.79) 6.90 (3.92-12.14)

50-64 2.75 (2.09-3.61) 4.22 (3.00-5.91) 3.94 (2.52-6.17) 5.29 (2.83-9.89)

65+ 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 -

69.97* 83.01* 79.52* 44.96*

Gender

Male 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 -

Female 1.84 (1.58-2.15) 2.02 (1.65-2.47) 1.51 (1.17-1.97) 1.67 (1.17-2.39)

61.97* 46.83* 9.69* 8.02*

Marital status

Marriedb 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 -

Never Married 1.09 (0.88-1.35) 1.08 (0.83-1.42) 1.62 (1.22-2.15) 1.87 (1.29-2.72)

Sep/Wid/Divorced 2.38 (1.98-2.86) 2.23 (1.80-2.76) 2.85 (2.16-3.76) 2.93 (2.08-4.14)

84.16* 54.26* 57.24* 41.46*

Income

Lowc 1.28 (1.00-1.63) 1.79 (1.34-2.38) 1.58 (1.08-2.29) 2.47 (1.51-4.05)

Low-Mid 1.29 (1.06-1.57) 1.67 (1.29-2.17) 1.46 (1.07-2.00) 1.92 (1.20-3.06)

Mid-High 1.22 (0.99-1.51) 1.54 (1.18-2.01) 1.36 (0.98-1.90) 1.87 (1.18-2.97)

High 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 -

6.91 19.03* 6.67 13.01*

Education level

None 0.00 (0.00-0.00) 0.00 (0.00-0.00) 0.00 (0.00-0.00) 0.00 (0.00-0.01)

< Primary 0.52 (0.21-1.32) 0.33 (0.11-1.05) 0.54 (0.17-1.75) 1.00 (0.25-3.97)

Primary 0.99 (0.51-1.91) 1.44 (0.69-3.00) 1.43 (0.68-3.04) 1.26 (0.44-3.63)

< Secondary 0.88 (0.72-1.08) 0.95 (0.73-1.24) 0.96 (0.71-1.32) 1.11 (0.70-1.76)

Secondary 0.84 (0.67-1.06) 0.89 (0.68-1.17) 0.83 (0.59-1.16) 1.09 (0.65-1.83)

Some College 1.18 (0.93-1.50) 1.28 (0.94-1.74) 1.58 (1.12-2.21) 2.13 (1.31-3.46)

College + 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 -

88.56* 89.77* 91.99* 69.62*

n) (7,312) (2,059) (7,312) (727)


Appendix Table 23. Socio-demographic correlates of MDD prevalence by lifetime and 12-month DSM-IV/CIDI major depressive disorder (MDD) and of comorbid anxiety disordersa among those with MDD in the Northern Ireland WMH survey

Lifetime 12-Month


Age

18-34 2.77 (1.77-4.35) 2.82 (1.55-5.11) 3.52 (1.73-7.17) 3.28 (1.11-9.71)

35-49 3.47 (2.20-5.49) 2.99 (1.95-4.59) 6.08 (3.16-11.71) 4.86 (1.86-12.66)

50-64 2.67 (1.64-4.35) 2.61 (1.61-4.24) 4.17 (2.31-7.54) 5.45 (2.39-12.44)

65+ 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 -

31.94* 26.86* 31.79* 18.31*

Gender

Male 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 -

Female 1.83 (1.49-2.24) 2.29 (1.64-3.19) 1.95 (1.41-2.70) 2.12 (1.29-3.50)

34.13* 23.80* 16.41* 8.66*

Marital status

Marrieda 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 -

Never Married 0.99 (0.67-1.47) 1.25 (0.79-1.98) 1.95 (1.18-3.22) 2.83 (1.47-5.41)

Sep/Wid/Divorced 1.84 (1.32-2.56) 1.88 (1.33-2.64) 1.57 (1.04-2.38) 1.98 (1.25-3.14)

13.06* 13.01* 9.31* 15.27*

Income

Lowb 0.96 (0.59-1.56) 1.37 (0.81-2.32) 0.93 (0.48-1.79) 1.22 (0.49-3.07)

Low-Mid 0.78 (0.52-1.15) 1.12 (0.67-1.88) 0.73 (0.43-1.23) 0.90 (0.44-1.83)

Mid-High 0.95 (0.68-1.34) 1.44 (1.02-2.03) 0.68 (0.44-1.06) 0.82 (0.39-1.75)

High 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 -

2.31 5.22 4.53 1.92

Education level

None 6.11 (0.67-55.36) 0.00 (0.00-0.00) 0.00 (0.00-0.00) 0.00 (0.00-0.00)

< Primary 1.27 (0.14-11.56) 0.00 (0.00-0.00) 0.00 (0.00-0.00) 0.00 (0.00-0.00)

Primary 0.89 (0.40-2.00) 0.81 (0.31-2.16) 1.36 (0.50-3.64) 1.31 (0.36-4.83)

< Secondary 0.65 (0.39-1.10) 0.73 (0.33-1.60) 1.26 (0.59-2.69) 1.46 (0.50-4.25)

Secondary 0.86 (0.57-1.28) 0.94 (0.59-1.52) 0.87 (0.52-1.44) 0.88 (0.43-1.80)

Some College 0.81 (0.51-1.28) 0.68 (0.40-1.16) 0.73 (0.40-1.33) 0.48 (0.17-1.33)

College + 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 -

5.94 1672.14* 1249.96 1646.13*

n) (1,986) (469) (1,986) (219)


Appendix Table 24. Socio-demographic correlates of MDD prevalence by lifetime and 12-month DSM-IV/CIDI major depressive disorder (MDD) and of comorbid anxiety disordersa among those with MDD in the Poland WMH survey

Lifetime 12-Month


Age

18-34b 1.00 (0.62-1.61) 0.97 (0.40-2.32) 0.72 (0.43-1.21) 0.64 (0.19-2.22)

35-49 0.90 (0.64-1.28) 0.89 (0.52-1.54) 1.14 (0.66-1.98) 0.72 (0.29-1.79)

50-64 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 -

65+ 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 -

0.39 0.17 2.86 0.64

Gender

Male 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 -

Female 1.73 (1.23-2.43) 3.53 (1.99-6.28) 1.77 (1.06-2.95) 5.47 (2.09-14.33)

9.75* 18.44* 4.81* 11.99*

Marital status

Marriedc 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 -

Never Married 0.72 (0.45-1.14) 0.71 (0.29-1.74) 1.03 (0.58-1.83) 0.76 (0.22-2.57)

Sep/Wid/Divorced 3.07 (2.12-4.45) 1.53 (0.79-2.98) 1.94 (0.96-3.90) 1.31 (0.46-3.70)

42.26* 2.63 3.41 0.39

Income

Lowd 0.98 (0.68-1.42) 1.17 (0.49-2.82) 1.49 (0.86-2.59) 1.65 (0.55-4.89)

Low-Mid 1.10 (0.70-1.73) 1.16 (0.45-2.99) 1.97 (0.99-3.91) 2.32 (0.65-8.32)

Mid-High 1.11 (0.81-1.51) 0.87 (0.46-1.65) 1.83 (1.06-3.15) 1.08 (0.46-2.54)

High 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 -

0.72 1.50 6.35 2.42

Education level

None - - - - - - - -

< Primary - - - - - - - -

Primary 0.68 (0.45-1.02) 0.86 (0.41-1.80) 0.69 (0.35-1.35) 1.51 (0.57-3.98)

< Secondary 0.41 (0.09-1.84) 0.37 (0.05-3.00) 1.02 (0.22-4.61) 1.38 (0.17-11.36)

Secondary - - - - - - - -

Some College - - - - - - - -

College + 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 -

4.10 1.01 1.18 0.79

n) (4,000) (295) (4,000) (123)

*Significant at the .05 level, two-sided test. aAnxiety disorders include generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder with or without agoraphobia, agoraphobia without a history of panic disorder, specific phobia, social phobia, separation anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder.bRespondents ages 18-34 and 34-59 were compared to those 50+ because of a truncation of the upper end of the sample age distribution (see Appendix Table 1).cMarital status at interview.dRelative income based on country-specific quartiles.

Appendix Table 25. Socio-demographic correlates of MDD prevalence by lifetime and 12-month DSM-IV/CIDI major depressive disorder (MDD) and of comorbid anxiety disordersa among those with MDD in the Portugal WMH survey

Lifetime 12-Month


Age

18-34 1.39 (0.99-1.96) 2.19 (1.35-3.58) 1.65 (1.00-2.71) 4.39 (2.13-9.03)

35-49 1.62 (1.19-2.21) 2.67 (1.66-4.27) 1.78 (1.12-2.85) 4.27 (2.10-8.70)

50-64 1.52 (1.09-2.12) 2.25 (1.42-3.56) 1.79 (1.10-2.90) 4.15 (1.76-9.80)

65+ 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 -

10.08* 17.43* 6.61 18.31*

Gender

Male 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 -

Female 2.08 (1.68-2.58) 2.47 (1.79-3.39) 2.41 (1.69-3.43) 2.52 (1.49-4.26)

44.43* 30.89* 23.61* 11.90*

Marital status

Marriedb 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 -

Never Married 0.97 (0.74-1.26) 0.92 (0.67-1.28) 0.93 (0.65-1.33) 1.11 (0.68-1.81)

Sep/Wid/Divorced 2.37 (1.75-3.21) 1.73 (1.16-2.57) 2.31 (1.45-3.69) 1.40 (0.74-2.63)

36.99* 11.81* 15.92* 1.08

Income

Lowc 1.01 (0.76-1.34) 1.05 (0.76-1.45) 1.18 (0.76-1.84) 1.35 (0.80-2.29)

Low-Mid 1.08 (0.77-1.51) 1.04 (0.62-1.74) 1.45 (0.95-2.21) 1.31 (0.57-2.99)

Mid-High 0.91 (0.72-1.15) 0.97 (0.67-1.41) 1.22 (0.87-1.73) 1.58 (0.87-2.85)

High 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 -

1.09 0.21 3.53 2.61

Education level

None 0.63 (0.26-1.52) 0.69 (0.21-2.31) 0.75 (0.28-2.01) 2.36 (0.54-10.33)

< Primary 0.67 (0.49-0.93) 0.62 (0.39-0.97) 0.76 (0.54-1.07) 0.85 (0.48-1.50)

Primary 1.40 (0.92-2.14) 1.26 (0.76-2.09) 1.55 (0.92-2.62) 1.70 (0.98-2.97)

< Secondary 0.90 (0.56-1.46) 0.53 (0.29-0.98) 1.21 (0.69-2.12) 0.57 (0.23-1.42)

Secondary 0.74 (0.48-1.15) 0.51 (0.30-0.86) 0.73 (0.46-1.17) 0.65 (0.37-1.16)

Some College 0.92 (0.48-1.74) 0.81 (0.33-2.02) 0.88 (0.33-2.36) 0.75 (0.19-3.05)

College + 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 -

26.01* 17.35* 14.87* 14.98*

n) (2,060) (701) (2,060) (290)


Appendix Table 26. Socio-demographic correlates of MDD prevalence by lifetime and 12-month DSM-IV/CIDI major depressive disorder (MDD) and of comorbid anxiety disordersa among those with MDD in the Spain WMH survey

Lifetime 12-Month


Age

18-34 1.46 (0.95-2.26) 2.05 (1.16-3.62) 1.18 (0.63-2.23) 1.33 (0.53-3.34)

35-49 1.86 (1.21-2.86) 1.88 (1.15-3.07) 1.39 (0.84-2.30) 1.20 (0.56-2.55)

50-64 1.42 (0.96-2.10) 1.65 (1.03-2.64) 1.55 (1.01-2.36) 1.65 (0.98-2.79)

65+ 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 -

8.41* 9.60* 4.24 5.03

Gender

Male 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 -

Female 2.19 (1.67-2.88) 2.74 (1.62-4.64) 2.52 (1.74-3.66) 2.63 (1.33-5.21)

31.81* 14.11* 23.93* 7.72*

Marital status

Marriedb 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 -

Never Married 1.12 (0.76-1.65) 0.71 (0.34-1.46) 1.07 (0.66-1.75) 0.73 (0.40-1.34)

Sep/Wid/Divorced 1.97 (1.40-2.76) 1.34 (0.82-2.17) 1.48 (0.90-2.44) 0.88 (0.46-1.69)

17.14* 2.82 2.38 1.34

Income

Lowc 0.81 (0.47-1.41) 1.07 (0.59-1.94) 0.64 (0.32-1.29) 1.06 (0.43-2.64)

Low-Mid 0.84 (0.50-1.42) 1.27 (0.71-2.26) 0.79 (0.42-1.50) 1.50 (0.63-3.59)

Mid-High 0.82 (0.55-1.24) 1.02 (0.54-1.94) 0.77 (0.45-1.33) 1.22 (0.45-3.34)

High 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 -

0.97 1.66 2.09 1.88

Education level

None 2.68 (1.55-4.61) 2.56 (1.10-5.98) 3.03 (1.51-6.11) 2.29 (0.77-6.81)

< Primary 1.21 (0.86-1.70) 1.41 (0.78-2.55) 1.06 (0.58-1.92) 1.79 (0.85-3.76)

Primary 1.08 (0.70-1.68) 1.68 (0.95-2.96) 0.78 (0.43-1.43) 1.15 (0.44-3.02)

< Secondary 1.10 (0.71-1.71) 1.11 (0.59-2.07) 0.86 (0.45-1.65) 0.68 (0.29-1.58)

Secondary 1.33 (0.84-2.10) 1.41 (0.58-3.44) 1.12 (0.47-2.65) 0.71 (0.19-2.60)

Some College 1.01 (0.66-1.55) 1.55 (0.82-2.94) 1.38 (0.83-2.29) 2.20 (0.91-5.30)

College + 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 -

21.92* 7.73 26.18* 14.32*

n) (2,121) (638) (2,121) (231)


Appendix Table 27. Socio-demographic correlates of MDD prevalence by lifetime and 12-month DSM-IV/CIDI major depressive disorder (MDD) and of comorbid anxiety disordersa among those with MDD in the Murcia, Spain WMH survey

Lifetime 12-Month


Age

18-34 1.82 (0.98-3.38) 4.91 (2.12-11.41) 2.05 (0.57-7.32) 2.40 (0.37-15.78)

35-49 2.38 (1.78-3.19) 6.22 (3.29-11.73) 2.31 (1.05-5.05) 4.18 (0.97-17.98)

50-64 2.02 (1.16-3.51) 4.80 (2.86-8.06) 2.25 (0.90-5.62) 4.07 (1.16-14.32)

65+ 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 -

37.86* 53.96* 6.49* 9.77*

Gender

Male 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 -

Female 2.70 (2.11-3.46) 3.85 (2.54-5.83) 3.26 (1.83-5.82) 6.87 (2.96-15.92)

62.94* 40.60* 15.96* 20.18*

Marital status

Marriedb 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 -

Never Married 1.32 (0.85-2.05) 1.54 (0.79-3.03) 1.69 (0.72-3.94) 2.01 (0.90-4.49)

Sep/Wid/Divorced 1.15 (0.37-3.61) 1.42 (0.65-3.12) 1.55 (0.45-5.34) 1.30 (0.55-3.09)

1.58 1.77 2.29 2.91

Income

Lowc 1.13 (0.76-1.67) 1.07 (0.62-1.86) 2.02 (1.12-3.63) 1.66 (0.91-3.01)

Low-Mid 1.28 (0.78-2.11) 1.46 (0.99-2.16) 2.08 (0.87-4.95) 1.74 (0.89-3.41)

Mid-High 1.01 (0.84-1.22) 1.45 (0.79-2.67) 1.55 (0.83-2.89) 1.09 (0.53-2.27)

High 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 -

1.15 4.02 5.99 5.22

Education level

None 0.98 (0.39-2.47) 2.50 (0.71-8.79) 1.19 (0.31-4.59) 0.63 (0.09-4.67)

< Primary 1.26 (0.81-1.97) 1.46 (0.64-3.34) 1.16 (0.47-2.85) 1.49 (0.54-4.06)

Primary 1.29 (0.73-2.28) 1.45 (0.77-2.75) 1.10 (0.41-2.91) 2.17 (0.67-7.01)

< Secondary 1.52 (0.97-2.39) 1.55 (0.67-3.58) 1.62 (0.86-3.06) 0.96 (0.28-3.34)

Secondary 1.03 (0.70-1.53) 1.04 (0.58-1.86) 0.70 (0.23-2.13) 0.79 (0.29-2.15)

Some College 0.84 (0.30-2.31) 0.95 (0.43-2.14) 1.17 (0.31-4.36) 0.70 (0.08-6.17)

College + 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 -

8.37 24.09* 10.51 34.47*

n) (1,459) (370) (1,459) (154)


Appendix Table 28. Socio-demographic correlates of MDD prevalence by lifetime and 12-month DSM-IV/CIDI major depressive disorder (MDD) and of comorbid anxiety disordersa among those with MDD in the U.S.A. WMH survey

Lifetime 12-Month


Age

18-34 2.49 (1.86-3.32) 3.34 (2.39-4.67) 5.03 (3.28-7.70) 6.34 (3.21-12.53)

35-49 3.04 (2.27-4.06) 3.99 (2.87-5.55) 4.99 (3.23-7.72) 6.99 (3.57-13.67)

50-64 2.62 (1.98-3.47) 3.11 (2.24-4.31) 4.04 (2.54-6.43) 5.48 (2.67-11.24)

65+ 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 -

57.88* 68.21* 58.00* 32.89*

Gender

Male 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 -

Female 1.65 (1.43-1.91) 1.79 (1.55-2.06) 1.81 (1.51-2.16) 1.94 (1.47-2.58)

46.00* 65.08* 43.09* 21.24*

Marital status

Marriedb 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 -

Never Married 1.11 (0.91-1.35) 1.22 (0.99-1.50) 1.39 (1.07-1.81) 1.60 (1.14-2.25)

Sep/Wid/Divorced 1.69 (1.43-2.01) 1.80 (1.51-2.15) 2.07 (1.59-2.71) 2.61 (1.88-3.61)

37.32* 42.25* 30.01* 33.84*

Income

Lowc 0.69 (0.57-0.82) 0.73 (0.60-0.89) 1.10 (0.79-1.53) 1.19 (0.80-1.76)

Low-Mid 0.71 (0.60-0.84) 0.8 (0.64-0.98) 1.08 (0.80-1.45) 1.16 (0.83-1.63)

Mid-High 0.79 (0.68-0.93) 0.85 (0.69-1.04) 1.00 (0.74-1.34) 0.99 (0.69-1.41)

High 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 -

25.86* 11.39* 1.83 2.89

Education level

None 0.00d (0.00-0.00) 0.00d (0.00-0.00) 0.00d (0.00-0.00) 0.00d (0.00-0.00)

< Primary 0.52 (0.30-0.92) 0.45 (0.21-0.99) 0.60 (0.28-1.27) 0.81 (0.36-1.79)

Primary 1.27 (0.67-2.44) 2.03 (1.01-4.06) 1.12 (0.46-2.73) 1.08 (0.39-2.98)

< Secondary 0.92 (0.74-1.15) 1.17 (0.92-1.50) 1.22 (0.86-1.73) 1.39 (0.86-2.24)

Secondary 0.94 (0.79-1.13) 0.92 (0.75-1.13) 0.88 (0.65-1.18) 0.82 (0.60-1.13)

Some College 1.09 (0.93-1.29) 1.11 (0.89-1.39) 1.08 (0.82-1.42) 1.12 (0.78-1.60)

College + 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 -

287.72* 312.21* 212.47* 224.63*

n) (5,692) (1,548) (5,692) (646)

*Significant at the .05 level, two-sided test. aAnxiety disorders include generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder with or without agoraphobia, agoraphobia without a history of panic disorder, specific phobia, social phobia, separation anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder.bMarital status at interview.c Relative income based on country-specific quartiles.dThe large values are due to the fact that no respondents with no education had lifetime MDD.

static.cambridge.org€¦ · web viewappendix table 1. wmh sample characteristics by world bank...

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