2017 Spring -- Dev Com 1 -- Daily Lesson Plan

Week 1

Monday 2/6 – Nouns and Verbs

1. Intro to Class / Syllabus & Schedule2. Intro to my webpage – print the required documents right away.3. Attendance4. Nouns and Verbs

a. All language has been erased from the planet. All street signs are blank, no alphabet in your alphabet soup, etc. World calamity. I have invented a way to allow each of you to bring back 5 words of your choosing – but choose wisely; your survival depends on it.

b. Students call out their words, and I put them on the board. Majority should be:c. Nouns (& Pronouns) Verbs

person, place, thing, or idea Action and LinkingTEST: “The” TEST: “I,” “He/She,” or “They”

Homework:

Do all exercises in Lessons 2 – 3. (If you don’t have the textbook, go to my webpage and download it.)

Go to the DC 1 page on my webpage and print and bring to class 3 copies (6 sheets) of the Verb Conjugation Sheet.

Print and bring to class a copy of the sample quiz.

Wednesday 2/8 – Action and Linking Verbs

1. Attendance2. First two – three weeks are the most important; without this basic lesson, all the rest will be confusing.3. There are two things you need in order to have a sentence: Subject (noun) and Verb.

The subject of a sentence is THE NOUN (or nouns) that “operates” the verb.We indicate this relationship in the following manner: NS + V

4. Verbs – Two types a. Action Verb – a verb that indicates the “action” that is occurring in the sentence.

To RunI run.I run downtown.I run downtown and through the park.I run downtown and through the park every morning before work.

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Some Action Verbs may not seem like to have a lot of “action,” but they are, nonetheless, Action Verbs:

to love, to have, to think, to need, to wait, to wonder, to imagine, to evaluate, to challenge, to worry, etc.

b. State of Being or Linking Verb – a verb that expresses existence and/or the condition of that existence.

Linking verbs function like an equals sign in math (2 + 2 = 4).

Some Linking Verbs:

to be, to appear, to seem, to taste, to become, to feel, to smell, to look

I am happy. I = happyJason seems ok to me. Jason = ok (to me)The food tastes good. food = goodBaxter appears distressed Baxter = distressed

about this job change.

He smells bad. He needs a shower. What are the verbs? Are they linking verbs or action verbs?

5. Conjugating Verbs – To “conjugate” a verb simply means to use the verb in its many forms.

There are six basic “persons” in which every verb can be used (conjugated): 3 in singular & 3 in plural.

Action Verb (Present Tense)To Walk (infinitive form)

Present TenseSingular Plural

1st Person I walk We walk2nd Person You walk You (all) walk3rd Person He, she, it walks They walk

To Swim (infinitive form)Present Tense

Singular Plural1st Person I swim We swim2nd Person You swim You (all) swim

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3rd Person He, she, it swims They swim

Linking Verb (Present Tense)

To Be (infinitive form)Present Tense

Singular Plural1st Person I am We are2nd Person You are You (all) are3rd Person He, she, it is They are

To Seem (infinitive form)Present Tense

Singular Plural1st Person I seem We seem2nd Person You seem You (all) seem3rd Person He, she, it seems They seem

Action Verb (Past Tense)To Walk (infinitive form)

Past TenseSingular Plural

1st Person I walked We walked2nd Person You walked You (all) walked3rd Person He, she, it walked They walked

To Swim (infinitive form)Past Tense

Singular Plural1st Person I swam We swam2nd Person You swam You (all) swam3rd Person He, she, it swam They swam

Linking Verb (Past Tense)To Be (infinitive form)

Past TenseSingular Plural

1st Person I was We were2nd Person You were You (all) were3rd Person He, she, it was They were

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To Seem (infinitive form)Past Tense

Singular Plural1st Person I seemed We seemed2nd Person You seemed You (all) seemed3rd Person He, she, it seemed They seemed

QUIZ next class : Be able to conjugate the following verbs in both present and past tense:

Linking Verbs to beto seem to appear to becometo smell

Action VerbsHave at least three action verbs – choose your own – that you can conjugate in both the present and past tenses.

Bonus Points – Action Verbs (pp. 76-78 – download from my webpage if you do not have the textbook) to catchto clingto forgetto bleed

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Week 2

Monday 2/13 – Future Tense and Compound Sentences

1. Conjugation Quiz2. Future tense :

Action Verb (Future Tense)

To Walk Future Tense

Singular Plural1st Person I will walk We will walk2nd Person You will walk You (all) will walk3rd Person He, she, it will walk They will walk

To Swim Future Tense

Singular Plural1st Person I will swim We will swim2nd Person You will swim You (all) will swim3rd Person He, she, it will swim They will swim

Linking Verb (Future Tense)

To BeFuture Tense

Singular Plural1st Person I will be We will be2nd Person You will be You (all) will be3rd Person He, she, it will be They will be

To Seem Future Tense

Singular Plural1st Person I will seem We will seem2nd Person You will seem You (all) will seem3rd Person He, she, it will seem They will seem

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3. Simple Sentence: aka, the Independent Clause : A basic sentence, or “simple sentence,” is a Noun Subject with a Verb and a whole bunch of words that fill out the rest of the idea being expressed. This can also be understood as ONE Independent Clause.

NS + V + all the words that logically go with that NS & Verb = IND (Independent Clause)

How do you analyze a sentence for its structure? Always do these three steps in this order!!

STEP ONE: WHAT IS THE VERB (V)?

STEP TWO: WHO OR WHAT (NS) IS DOING (OPERATING) THE VERB (actually say the verb)?

STEP THREE: WHAT ARE ALL THE WORDS THAT LOGICALLY GO WITH THAT NS AND V?

NS V All the words that logically go with the NS & VThe fire truck screeched to a stop right at the corner of Main and Victory.

Millie is the president of our honor society.

Despite the dark color, our employees love the new work stations on the second floor.

Past the corner office at the back of the building I found my bicycle.

This coming Friday at 3PM my mother and her friends will go to Dodger Stadium for the game.

4. Compound Sentence : Has two Independent Clauses both of them independent IND. This is expressed this way: IND + IND

(NS+V + NS+V)

STEP ONE: WHAT IS THE VERB?

I have only five minutes to spare a car is on the way to pick me up.

STEP TWO: WHO OR WHAT IS DOING (OPERATING) THE VERB?

I have only five minutes to spare a car is on the way to pick me up.

STEP THREE: WHAT ARE ALL THE WORDS THAT LOGICALLY GO WITH EACH NS AND V??

IND IND

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I have only five minutes to spare a car is on the way to pick me up.

LET’S PUT IN THE CORRECT PUNCTUATION

I have only five minutes to spare ______ a car is on the way to pick me up.

A car is on the way to pick me up I have only five minutes to spare.

There are three rules for punctuating a Compound Sentence (IND + IND).a. Use a period

b. Use Comma + Coordinating Conjunction - FANBOYS

c. Use a semi-colon

The following are all RUN-ON SENTENCES. Let’s add the right punctuation to correctly fix this grammar

error.

a. Use a period .

The desk is too low I want to get another one before the New Year.

On top of the table you will find my book bring it to me please.

I go you stay.

b. Use Comma + FANBOYS (for – and – nor – but – or – yet - so)

The desk is too low I want to get another one before the New Year.

On top of the table you will find my book bring it to me please.

I go you stay.7

Something needs to go here !

;

ForAndNorButOrYetSo

c. Use a semi-colon:

The desk is too low I want to get another one before the New Year.

On top of the table you will find my book bring it to me please.

I go you stay.

HOMEWORK:

On the "8 Run On Sentences” Homework Sheets” that is already filled in, do the following with each of the sentences:

1. What is the verb?Double underline the verbs in each sentence.

2. Who or what is doing the verb? (The answer to that question is Subject of the sentence.)Single underline the NS.

3. Decide what are all the words that logically go with that NS + Verb so that you can see where one IND clause ends and the other begins.  Put in the correct punctuation between the two Independent Clauses For sentences 1 – 4, use COMMA + FANBOYSFor sentences 5 – 8, use a semicolon.

Wednesday 2/15 – Compound Sentences continued – Intro Complex Sentences

1. Return and review Quiz A. 2. Finish the lesson from last class. 3. Everyone corrects their work with the answer sheet for the “8 Run On Sentences” Homework Sheets4. Textbooks are needed by next class.

5. Complex Sentences : The Compound Sentence (IND + IND) is one type of sentence; the other type of sentence is the Complex Sentence (IND + DEP or DEP + IND). The difference between the compound and complex sentence is that an Independent Clause expresses a “complete idea” which allows it to stand on its own as a sentence:

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The bookstore opens at 8 am.

The Dependent Clause, by contrast, cannot stand on its own as a “complete idea” because it starts with a Subordinating Conjunction – aka, a Dependent Word – which makes the clause incapable of expressing a complete idea, incapable of standing on its own as a legitimate sentence.

Since the bookstore opens at 8 AM . . .

When the bookstore opens at 8 AM . . .

Whenever the bookstore opens at 8 AM . . .

Once the bookstore opens at 8 AM . . .

If the bookstore opens at 8 AM . . .

Each of these is a “fragment;” that is, the fragment of a complete idea. The only fix is to add an Independent Clause to the Dependent Clause. When you combine a Dependent Clause with an Independent Clause you have a Complex Sentence (DEP + IND or IND + DEP).

And there are only TWO RULES for punctuating a Complex Sentence:

a. If the DEP comes first, you need to add a comma between it and the IND DEP , INDb. But, if the IND comes first, then you do not need to put a comma between them. IND DEP

DEP IND

Since the bookstore opens at 8 AM , I will head for campus before going to work.

IND DEPI will head for campus before going to work since the bookstore opens at 8 AM.

When the bookstore opens at 8 AM

whenever the bookstore opens at 8 AM.

Once the bookstore opens at 8 AM

if the bookstore opens at 8 AM . . .

Should the bookstore open at 8 AM

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See pages 181 – 182 and p 208 for lists of subordinating conjunctions (or dependent words).

HOMEWORK:

1. Write 8 compound sentences.

a. Go to the DC 1 webpage and print the “8 Compound Sentences Homework Sheet.”

b. Write your sentences on the first page – “8 Run On Sentences” – with no punctuation at all.

c. Fill in the second page – “8 Compound Sentences” – with the same sentences BUT WITH the

correct punctuation as well as the subject underlined once and the verb underlined twice.

d. Come to class with two copies of each.

2. Also, print two copies of the “8 Complex Sentences Homework Sheet.”

Week 3

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Monday 2/20 – NO CLASS – Presidents’ Day

Wednesday 2/22 – Compound and Complex Sentences

1. Group work with “8 Run-On Sentences” sheet and students answer sheets. (30 minutes)

2. Transitional Expressions – (15 Minutes)

a. Transitional Expressions are similar to Coordinating Conjunctions (FANBOYS), but cannot

be used the same way.

i. FANBOYS can only be used to directly connect two IND clauses.

Transitional Expressions (TE) make a bridge – they offer a “transition” – between

two INDs; they do not directly connect two INDs together the way FANBOYS

do.

ii. FANBOYS cannot be used in the middle of an independent clause.

Transitional Expressions (TE) can be used in the middle of an IND.

iii. Transitional Expressions (TE) are followed by a comma.

I just bought a fish tank, but I need some fish. Comma + FANBOYS

I just bought a fish tank; however, I need some fish.

Semicolon + TE + comma

I just bought a fish tank; therefore, I need some fish.

I have always wanted a fish tank, so I bought one yesterday. Comma + FANBOYS

As a result, I now need some fish. TE + Comma

I now need, as a result, some fish. Comma + TE + Comma

b. See page 180 – 183 in the textbook for how to use this function.3. Correct this paragraph: (15 minutes)

a. Students read it silentlyb. I read it aloud. Does it make more sense when read aloud?c. Teams of two – working together ten minutes to add punctuation.

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Everyone knows that stress has a negative effect on the body it weakens the immune

system and increases susceptibility to infection and disease however a recent

experiment by two scientists at rockefeller university in new york has challenged

traditional wisdom according to Firdaus S. dhabhar and Dr. Bruce McEwen mild

forms of stress can act like a call to arms if for example a person has to give a speech

or meet a deadline the body calls up immune cells from the bloodstream and sends

them to battle stations throughout the body thereby increasing rather than

diminishing immunity it may be that the immune system is weakened only when stress

is long-term and severe mild stress seems to have an entirely different effect on the

body.

4. Exercise with Complex Sentences. (20 minutes)

a. Students give me simple sentences for the board.

b. Students look at p. 181 and add a dependent word to each simple sentence making each one a

fragment.

c. Add an IND to each Fragment to make each into a complex sentence.

HOMEWORK:

1. Write 8 complex sentences.

a. Go to the DC 1 webpage and print the “8 Complex Sentences Homework Sheet.”

b. Write your sentences on the first page with no punctuation at all.

c. Fill in the second page with the same sentences BUT WITH the correct punctuation as well as

the subject underlined once and the verb underlined twice.

d. Come to class with two copies of each.

2. Write 8 compound sentences WITH TRANSITIONAL EXPRESSIONS.

a. Go to the DC 1 webpage and print the “8 Complex Sentences Homework Sheet.”

b. Write your sentences on the first page with no punctuation at all.

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c. Fill in the second page with the same sentences BUT WITH the correct punctuation as well as

the subject underlined once and the verb underlined twice.

d. Come to class with two copies of each.

3. TEXTBOOK: READ Lesson 29, and Do ALL the exercises in that chapter.

Week 4

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Monday 2/27 – Compund/Complex Sentences & UNIT 7 Lesson 311. Lesson 31 – Appositives – A noun that renames another noun

a. If the first of the two nouns is a specific noun (a person’s name, the name of a place, etc.), you need commas around the noun in apposition because it is information added to what is already specific.

Specific noun comes first

Less specific noun comes second – USE COMMAS

Pablo, my cousin, is a doctor

b. If, however, the first of the two nouns is not specific, then you do not need commas around the noun in apposition.

Less specific noun comes first

Specific noun comes second– NO COMMAS NEEDED

My cousin Pablo is a doctor.

c. If the sentence ends with the noun in apposition, you simply use a period to end the sentence.

My doctor is Pablo, also my cousin.

The cab driver Bradley Turner will head over to Union Station, the

historic train station, and drop off my friends Sam and Gunter.

I will then see them on the last platform Terminal 25.

d. Do exercises on pg 195.

Group work with homework done with Compound Sentences and Complex Sentences.

1. Put specific examples on the board as suggested by students after working with the homework.2. Group work on a paragraph needing punctuation.3. HOMEWORK:

STUDY for QUIZ on Wednesday 3/1/17

What test am I going to write for you? What will it look like?

Can you write the quiz before I do?

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a. Correctly punctuate 5 sentences that I give you.

b. Write two of your own Complex Sentences: two as DEP + IND and two with IND + DEP

c. Write four of your own Compound Sentences: two using Comma + FANBOYS and two

using a semicolon with a Transitional Expression

d. What are the two things you have to have in order to write a sentence?

e. Rewrite sentences using creating a noun in apposition.

Wednesday 3/1 – Unit 1, Lesson 4, 5 – Action Verbs & Linking Verbs

1. QUIZ2. Finish the “Fix the Paragraph” from last class.3. Actions Verbs Predicate

a. Intransitive – sentence pattern is: NS + Vi Predicate

b. Transitive – sentence pattern is: NS + Vt & NDOc. See Workbook for Developmental Communications 1, pg 11.d. These are the sentence patterns (or keys): NS + Vi and NS + Vt & NDO

In the sentences below, identify the type of Action Verb in each sentence and fix any punctuation mistakes.

Every Sunday for the past 5 years, my father cooks dinner for the entire family.

My mother cooks for us all the other days of the week.

I put out the garbage but the raccoons throw it all over the place.

Ever since Bob left his job at Target I work on his shift on weekends.

When everyone leaves the house he studies well.

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4. Linking Verbs

a. Sometimes Linking Verbs (LV) connect the subject (NS) to another noun which is called the Noun Subject COMPLIMENT (NSC); the NSC is, essentially, “renaming” the NS.

b. The sentence pattern is: Predicate

NS + LV & Nscc. Some Linking Verbs are:

i. to be, to seem, to appear, to become, to remain, to feel, to taste, to look, to smell, to grow.

In the sentences below, identify the type of Verb in each sentence and fix any punctuation mistakes.

The firemen at this station are all fathers as well.

On Sunday the kids will act in the play and become angels for an hour.

Because I am a man of good manners I sip my tea gently and eat my cakes slowly.

The main ingredient is chicken so you can eat it you don’t need to worry.

5. Group work using Transitive, Intransitive, Linking Verbs worksheet with sentences filled in (take home with answers if there is no time in class).

HOMEWORK:

1. Read Lessons 4 & 5 in the textbook and do all the exercises in Lessons 4 & 5.

2. Do practice exercises in the Workbook.

3. Read ahead in Lessons 17, 18, 19, 20

4. Fill in the Transitive, Intransitive sheet that I handed out in class. Answer sheet will be given on Monday.

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Week 5

Monday 3/6 – Unit 1, Lesson 17 Possessives

1. Return QUIZ.2. Group work with Transitive, Intransitive, Linking Verbs work sheet. Answer sheet distributed.3. Finish Fix this paragraph #2.4. Possessives (L-17) (see workbook pages 43, 45, 46)

a. Possessive pronouns: his, her, our, their. b. Making a noun into a possessive noun: add -’s to the end of the noun, or -s’ if the noun is

already plural ending in -s. (see page 45 – 46 in workbook.)

The homes of my neighbors were built big.

My neighbors’ homes were built big.

Their homes were built big. What voice is the verb here?

The car that belongs to my friend is a Firebird.

My friend’s car is a Firebird.

Her car is a Firebird.

c. Contraction vs. Possessive Pronoun (and others) : (see page 42 in workbook.)Explain:

Their/There/They’re Your/You’re

Whose/Who’s Its/It’s Here/Hear(not a pronoun, but the same confusion)

HOMEWORK:

1. Read Lesson 17 and do all the exercises in Lesson 17.

2. Read ahead in Lessons 18 & 19 in the textbook.

3. Print this document: “Work Sheet – Transitive, Intransitive, & Linking Verbs.”

a. On the first page, write 4 Compound and 4 Complex sentences using the following patterns and include possessive words:NS + VT + NDO

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NS + ViNS + LV + NSC

Write these sentences on the second line only for each number leaving the top line blank.Do not include the punctuation, not even the apostrophe for possession. Do not include the sentence keys.

b. On the second page, write the same sentences again on the second line for each number BUT this time DO INCLUDE the proper punctuation (including for possessives) and the Sentence keys on the top line.

c. Come to class with two copies of each.

Wednesday 3/8 – Unit IV, Lesson 18, 19 – Adjectives and Adverbs

1. Fix the Paragraph #2 – Finish in class

2. Do group work in class with “Work Sheet – Trans, Intrans, & LV in class sample.”

3. Adjectives (L-18) – Adjectives describe, or modify, nouns. They give shape, size, color, etc. to a noun thereby making it specific.

I just saw the biggest, scariest, one-eyed, one-horned, flying, purple people-eater. Label the sentence according to the function of each word, or group of words.

a. Descriptive Adjectives – answers which one; could come after or before the noun

My blue fountain pen is on the tall desk in the far room.

Many people, both poor and rich, give generously to this small non-profit group. Point out the comma punctuation around the adjectival phrase separating the NS from the Vi.

b. Possessive Adjectives – modifies the noun based on to whom, or to what, the noun belongs.

Kevin’s adjustment to the motorcycle’s engine fixed the stalling problem. NOTE: Stalling is an adj, which comes up in the later adjectival heading under Verbal Adjectives (verb + -ing).

c. Nominal Adjectives – nouns working as adjectives; they answer which one?

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The uniform shirt for our company baseball team costs twenty-five dollars.

The oak frame on that family portrait looks antique.

d. Verbal Adjectives – adjectives ending in –ed or –ing (they look like verbs, but they are not).

The princess approached the whispering pond to ask it a question.

The landed gentry ruled the country for miles around. (“gentry,” as opposed to the non-noble and servant classes).

Kevin’s adjustment to the motorcycle’s engine fixed the stalling problem. NOTE: From above under Descriptive Adjectives.

e. Punctuation with multiple adjectives – separate adjectives with a comma when they come in a row. TEST: if you can use and between the adjectives, use a comma. If you cannot use and between the adjectives, do not use a comma.

We walked the frightening, and treacherous, and foot-bruising forest path all the way home. This is ok, but far too repetitive, so we can lose the “and” and keep the comma..

We walked the frightening, treacherous, foot-bruising forest path all the way home. Use commas instead of “and” – much better flow

That is a delicious and buffalo-meat hamburger. Sounds awkward; sounds wrong

That is a delicious buffalo-meat hamburger. No comma, no “and” – Much better

4. Adverbs (L-19) – Adverbs tell us the when, where, why, and how of the verb.

I moved quickly to impress that beautiful girl, but she fell for another guy already.

Mom is cooking it slowly; the flavor lasts longer this way.

John gave up his motorcycle for charity.

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Because our big dog is constantly running away from home, we built

a bigger, better, gated fence around the house.

a. See textbook, page 102.b. Be sure to do Misused Modifiers on p. 106.c. Go to workbook, p. 44

HOMEWORK:1. Read and do all the exercises in Lesson 18 & 192. Print: “Work Sheet – Transitive, Intransitive, & Linking Verbs.”

d. On the first page, write 4 Compound and 4 Complex sentences using the following patterns and include possessive words, Transitional expressions, nouns in apposition – Make it challenging for whoever gets your sheet:

NS + VT + NDONS + ViNS + LV + NSC

Write these sentences on the second line only for each number leaving the top line blank.Do not include the punctuation, not even the apostrophe for possession. Do not include the sentence keys.

e. On the second page, write the same sentences again on the second line for each number BUT this time DO INCLUDE the proper punctuation (including for possessives) and the Sentence keys on the top line.

f. Come to class with two copies of each.

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Week 6

Monday 3/13 – Unit IV, Lesson 16, 20 Determiners and Prepostional Phrases

1. Group work with “Work Sheet – Transitive, Intransitive, & Linking Verbs.” Everyone works in groups of three.

2. Finish Adjectives and Adverbs from last class

HOMEWORK:

1. Read Lessons 18 & 19 and do all the exercises.

2. Look ahead at Lesson 20

Wednesday 3/15 – Unit 3, Lesson 10 – The Perfect Tenses (This lesson and next lesson should be on two different days, but will both happen today to keep on schedule for the Midterm.)

1. Determiners (l-16) see p.87a. Articles (i.e., a, an, the, this, those, etc.) and possessive nouns (i.e., their, Mary’s, company’s,

parents’) function as adjectives.

That brave man went running into Harry’s burning building.

b. Sometimes numbers are also determiners.

Every marble was picked up by the fifteen children present.

c. Some determiners will also function as nouns (p.88)

Many people will start shopping tomorrow.

Many will start shopping tomorrow.

All of the employees have received all bonuses due.

Neither the boys nor the girls want to miss it.

Neither will be happy.

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d. A/An – use a with nouns that begin with a consonant; use an with words that begin with a vowel.

A tree vs. An apple

3. Prepositional Phrases (L-20) ---- this ends UNIT 4a. Prepositions indicate position in SPACE or TIME 70 – 80% of the time

Where? When?

in, by, on, below, above, under at, by, in

by the doorway by 5 o’clock

or the WAY something is done 20 – 30 % of the time.

How? by, for, by evaporation

b. Structure (Sentence Key) = Prep + Noun Object (of the prep) with modifiers.i. The prepositional phrase starts with a preposition: in, on, before, among, by, from, etc and

has a noun – and maybe modifiers – with it.

Pr Nop Pr Nop Pr Nop

near the fluffy bed in the brown bookcase among the wrinkled pamphlets

ADJ ADV – How? ADV – Where? NS Pr adj Nop Vi Pr adj Nop Pr adj adj adj Nop

Some of the men went with their wives to the big company event.

c. Prepositions as Adverbs and as Adverbial Phrasesi. Some prepositions can stand alone and work as adverbs.

Adv Adv Adv

He is coming along. We live inside. The stack of dishes fell over.

However, when that same adverb is followed by a noun, it becomes a preposition in a prepositional phrase:

Pr adj Nop

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He is coming along with us. Pr adj Nop

We live inside the trailer. Pr adj Nop Pr adj Nop

The stack of dishes fell over the edge of the sink.

ii. When prepositional phrases come in a row and function as adverbs, no commas are needed (see p. 110 – 111)

Pr Nop Pr--------------------- Nop Pr Nop

We fought traffic with vigor up until 9’oclock at night. (no commas)

iii. However, when a prep phrase is used as an introduction to a sentence, or as a transition between sentences, commas are necessary.

WHEN HOW WITH WHY Pr Adj Nop Adj NS Vi Adv Pr Adj Nop Pr Adj Nop

After his shift, the waiter went out with the maître d’ for a drink.

The waiter, after his shift, went out with the maître d’ for a drink.

The waiter went out, after his shift, with the maître d’ for a drink.

The waiter went out with the maître d’ for a drink after his shift.

d. Prepositional Phrases as Adjectivesi. An adjective (or adjectival ) prepositional phrase must come immediately after the noun

or pronoun it modifies.

NS Pr Nop Pr Nop Pr Nop Vi------------------- Pr Nop

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The bucket of tomatoes on the floor of the pantry must belong to you.

e. Adverb or Adjective (Prep) Phrasei. Sometimes the very same string of words can be an adjective phrase or an adverb phrase

depending on what is being modified by the phrase.

The gun in the attic was shot in the attic.

Ns Pr (Adj) Vi-------------- Pr (Adv) -

The gun in the attic was shot in the attic. (Passive or Active Voice?)

4. Refer to list of prepositions list on page 109 in the textbook.5. Refer to Sentence Key analysis on page 109 as well.6. Functions of Prepositions on page 110.

HOMEWORK:

1. Print more conjugation worksheets for next class 2. Review Chapter 10 – Do all the exercises3. Study for the Quiz Compound/Complex/Transitive/Intransitive/Adjectives/Adverbs/Prepositional

Phrases labeled with Sentence Keys.

Wednesday 3/15 – Unit 3, Lesson 10 – The Perfect Tenses (This lesson and the prior lesson should be on two different days, but will both happen today to keep on schedule for the Midterm.)

Perfect Tenses (L-10) – (have + past participle verb) Use the verb have as a helping verb in front of the main verb to indicate different or extended moments of time in the present, past, and future.

READ page 47 in textbook as an introduction; teach the perfect tenses from the material previously put on the board.

You say to your friend “This party rocks right now.” Your friend responds with, “This party has rocked all night.” What is the difference between these two sentences?

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a. Present Perfect – use present tense of have (have, has) and past tense of main verb (Part 4 V-ed)

i. I have already bought 20 books this week.ii. Bob has worked 6 hours so far.

b. Past Perfect – use past tense of have (had) and past tense of main verb (Part 4 V-ed)i. I had bought 20 books this past week.

ii. Bob had worked 6 hours so far yesterday.

c. Future Perfect – use future tense of have (will have or shall have) and past tense of main verb (Part 4 V-ed)

i. I will have bought 20 books by the end of this coming week.ii. Bob will have worked 6 hours for us at the store.

d. To Have, as a main (base) verb, means to possess or contain. You still use have, as indicated above, as an auxiliary (helping) verb with the main verb have (to possess/contain).

VWe have had a good time at your party. (Present Perfect – the party started earlier, but still going on right now)

Past Present Future

------ party------ VWe had had an argument before the party. (Past Perfect – the argument occurred before the party began, and lasted for an extended period of time in the past.)

Past Present Future

-- argument-- ----- party-----

VNOTE: If it were, We had an argument before the party, (Simple Past – the argument does not extend in time, but is a single point in time):

Past Present Future

argument ----- party-----

V

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We will have had time to talk about it by the time we get home. (Future Perfect – In the future the “talk” will happen for some extended period of time.)

Past Present Future

-- argument-- ----- party--------- --talk--

2. Go to page 50 in text. Make note of irregular verbs (V-ed) on pg. 76 in Textbook.

HOMEWORK:1. Study for the QUIZ on Monday2. Read Lesson 11 and 12 and do all the exercises.

Week 7

Monday 3/20 – Unit 3, Lessons 11 & 12 - the Progressive Tenses & Modals

1. QUIZ C – Trans/Intrans, Possessives, Adjectives, Adverbs2. Review Prepositional Phrases3. Review Perfect Tenses – page 50.

a. Review Part 4 (V-ed) a.k.a. Past Participle form. b. Reference irregular verbs on p. 76.

4. Progressive Tenses (L-11) – (form of be + verb-ing) Use the aux (or helping verb) to be with any verb ending in –ing to indicate that an event is continuing.

a. Present Progressive – use present tense of be (am, is, are) and -ing form of verb (Part 5 V-ing)

i. I am buying 20 books this week.ii. Bob is working 6 hours today.

b. Past Progressive – use past tense of be (was, were) and -ing form of verb (Part 5 V-ing)i. I was buying 20 books per week.

ii. Bob was working 6 hours today.

c. Future Progressive – use will (or shall) with be and -ing form of verb (Part 5 V-ing)i. I will be buying 20 books this week.

ii. Bob will be working 6 hours today.

5. Perfect Progressive Tenses (L-11) – (form of have +been + verb-ing) to indicate that an event started in the past and is still continuing.

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a. Present Perfect Progressive – use have with past participle of be (been) and -ing form of verb (Part 5 V-ing)

i. I have been buying 20 books each week.ii. Bob has been working 6 hours each day.

b. Past Perfect Progressive – use had with past participle of be (been) and -ing form of verb (Part 5 V-ing)

i. I had been buying 20 books per week.ii. Bob had been working 6 hours today.

c. Future Perfect Progressive – use will (or shall) with have, add past participle of be (been) and -ing form of verb (Part 5 V-ing)

i. I will have been buying 20 books per week by the time this year ends.ii. Bob will have been working 6 hours when we finally speak with him.

6. Go to page 57 in the textbook.7. Modals (L-12)

a. Modal Auxiliaries (Helping Verbs) – These are one-form verbs which 1) have no infinitive form, 2) have to be used with another verb, 3) can be used with have, 4) no Part 2 [verb –s], Part 4 [verb –ed], or Part 5 [verb –ing] forms (see textbook, p 64).

i. may, can: permitted, allowedii. can, could: able/capable

iii. must, have to, had to: necessaryiv. may, might could should: possible/probablev. should, ought to: responsible

vi. would, used to: usual/repeated

b. Verbs Do , Have , and Be – can be used as main or aux. verbs (see book, p. 65)

HOMEWORK:

1. Workbook Practice – pp. 29, 30, 42, 43, 44, 45

2. Workbook Sample Quizzes – pp 26, 27, 28, 36, 38,40

Wednesday 3/22 – UNIT 7 Lesson 30 C OORDINATION 1. Return QUIZ C2. Lesson 30 – Compound Subjects and Compound Predicates

a. Compound Subjects NS Vt Ndo

My brother and I fixed the jeep. NS NS (appos) NS Vt Ndo

My brother, a world class mechanic, and I fixed the jeep.27

NS LV Adj Adj Nsc Prep adj Nop

Orchestrating and conducting are very rewarding parts of my job. b. Compound Predicates

Adj Adj NS Vt Ndo c Vt Nio adj Ndo

That rough landing frightened me and gave me a headache.

Adj Adj NS Vi Pr adj Nop Vt Ndo adv c adv Vt adj Ndo

The old man reached for his wallet, pulled it out, but then changed his mind.

Compound Predicate with Compound Direct Object

Adj Adj NS Vt NdoThe best students study their notes and textbooks.

NS Vt Ndo

The best students read and study their notes and textbooks.

And, just for kicks, what is incorrect with the pattern on this slightly rewritten version?

NS Vt Ndo

The best students read and study from their notes and textbooks.

c. Compound Subject with Compound Predicate (Verb)

Ten fishermen with all their gear, and their ten wives with all their kids, piled onto and immediately sank my little boat.

d. Using a comma in Compounds

The barber, the mechanic, and the butcher hopped, skipped, and jumped all through the town after they won the lottery.

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Week 8

Monday 3/27 – Review for Midterm1. Punctuate the paragraph.

Nowadays Bill Gates the CEO of the computer company Microsoft is pretty much

considered a genius everything he puts his hands to seems to turn a profit but it wasn’t always

so windows is the operating system that made Gates a billionaire but it could hardly be called

an instant success in the mid-eighties when Windows first came on the market it was thought

to be a dud – too flawed to be useful but the determined Gates would not give up on it instead

he brought in Neil Konzen a computer whiz barely out of his teens in less than six months

Konzen rewrote the entire Windows program when the new revised version of Windows 3.0

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came on the market it was immediately successful thanks to Konzen’s efforts and Microsoft’s

smart marketing campaign computer stores could barely keep Windows on their shelves.

Wednesday 3/29 – MidtermMidterm Exam

Week 9

4/3 – 4/5 – Spring Break

Week 10

Monday 4/10 – Unit V, Lessons 21, 22

1. Return MIDTERMS with Midterm Reports2. Adjective Compliments - Lesson 21 – Adjective Compliment (Adj-c) (pp 124 – 129)

Mike is a fireman.

Mike is happy.

Many of the participants are college graduates.

Many of the participants are too experienced and educated.

3. Sentences with Indirect Objects (L-22 – p. 130).a. You can use an Adverbial Phrase to indicate to whom/what or for whom/what an action was

done (you know this already). Sentence Key = NS Vt Ndo Adv (prep phrase)

ADV Adj Adj NS Vt Adj Adj Ndo Adv Prep Adj Adj Nop

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The army cooks will make a terrific meal tonight for the graduating recruits.

ADJ ADV Adj NS ____Vt Adj Ndo Pr adj Adj Nop Pr Nop .

The mechanic is sending a bill for the old Buick to Mr. and Mrs. Alejandro. b. You can also move the object of the Preposition in front of the Ndo which makes that word

an Indirect Object (Nio). This can be done with verbs like give, find, send, bring, buy, sell, make, write, ask, play, build, teach, assign, feed, offer, throw, pass, pay, hand, read, save, etc.

Sentence Key = NS Vt Nio Ndo

Adj Adj NS Vt Adj Adj Nio Adj Adj Ndo Adv

The army cooks will make the graduating recruits a terrific meal tonight

ADJ Adj NS Vt Nio Adj Ndo Pr adj Adj Nop

The mechanic is sending Mr. and Mrs. Alejandro a bill for the old Buick.

c. Now, work these sentences to turn the Nop into the NIO, or turn the NIO into the Nop, AND fix any punctuation problems.

I will have given my brother a professional carpenter a new set of tools for Christmas.

_____________________________________________________________________

My dad is going to read the house rules for Jeremy and we hope he gets it this time.

_________________________________________________________________________

Every winter the kids of the neighborhood build a snowman for my grandpa.

_____________________________________________________________________

Give that book to him and give me the other book.

_________________________________________________________________________

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If I pay the money owed to the traffic court will I get my license back.

_____________________________________________________________________

4. Sentence Keys for all Sentence Patterns (L-23 – p. 133).Review in the textbook in class.

Wednesday 4/12 – UNIT V, Lesson 23 All FIVE Sentence Keys

1. Sentence Keys for Five Sentence Patterns (L-23)These are the five sentence patterns:

NS ViNS Vt NDONS LV NSC (or Adj-C)NS Vt NIO NDO NS Vt NDO NOC (or Adj-C) (this one is new)

a. Often with certain verbs, a sentence will have a Noun Object Compliment or an Adjective Complement, which renames or modifies the Ndo. Some of the verbs that do this are: call, appoint, choose, name, select, elect, make, consider, etc.

Jason is making Filimina his new girlfriend by spending so much time with her. It’s outrageous.

But, of course, Susan, Jason’s girlfriend, called Jason an animal.

And Susan does consider Max her best friend.

So, by default, Jason is appointing Filimina girlfriend, and Susan is naming Max boyfriend.

They all seek new partners loyal and true.

2. NIO Contest in class3. Sentence Key contest

For example:32

ADJ NS Vt NIO NDO DS LV NSC ADV

Week 11

Monday 4/17 Unit 3, Lesson 14 Troublesome Verbs

4. Troublesome Verbs (L-14)a. Sit/Set Lie/Lay Rise/Raise

i. Sit, Lie and Rise are all intransitive (remember this by the fact that they all have “i” as the second letter – “I” for Intransitive). These forms do not need a Direct Object.

NS Vi Adv. -------- Adv. -------- NS Vi Adv Adv. ------ The host sits at the head of the table. Then we will lie down for siesta.

NS Vi Adv. ---------But we must rise by 4 o’clock.

ii. Set, Lay and Raise are all transitive and require a Direct Object.

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NS Vt NDO Adv------------- NS Vt NDO Adv-------------------------- The host set the time for the dinner. We will set an example of good table manners.

NS Vt NDO Adv Adv---- NS Vt Adv NDO Adv--------We will lay our heads down at 2PM. We can lay aside our labor for the day.

Adv. NS Vt NDO Adv------ Adv. NS Vt NDOLater, I will raise the subject with him. Hopefully I won’t raise his temper.

CONTRACTIONS & CONFUSERS

There their they’re

Its It’s

Here Hear

Your You’re

Wednesday 4/19 – Unit 4, Lesson 15 - Nouns1. Nouns (L-15)

a. Singular nounsb. Plural nouns (see workbook p 49 and **Textbook p 345**)

i. usually simply add –s to make a noun pluralii. nouns ending in ch, sh, s, x, z need –es to make them plural.

iii. irregulars – see pg 345 in textbook.wife wives child childrenknife knives woman womenmouse mice man mengoose geese foot feetalumnus alumni tooth teethdatum data medium mediacurriculum curricula thesis theses

iv. Collective: a noun that names a thing made of many parts is treated as a singular noun even though it expresses a plural idea.

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flock, family, jury, team

v. Mass (Uncountable; Non-count): cannot be used with an –s or –es ending water, salt, news, butter, furniture, smoke, money

vi. Compound nouns: If not hyphenated, ad –s or –es.

jumpsuits hencoops drainpipes

If hyphenated, the main word (usually the first word) is pluralized.fathers-in-law breaths-of-life mayors-elect

Non-hyphenated but . . . the attorneys general

c. Common Nouns/Proper Nounsi. Common: All the general stuff of the world.

ii. Proper nouns: Person – Mrs. Chen, John Abernathy, Father Carlos, Prince EdwardPlace – Montana, Orange County, The Huntington LibraryMonth – April, May, June, etc.Day – Monday, Tuesday, etc.Street – Hubbard St, Sunset Blvd., etc.Company – Honeywell International, Budweiser, Activision, etc.Publication – The Wall Street Journal, War and Peace, Diary of a Wimpy Kid,

Webster’s Collegiate Dictionary, etc.

d. Nouns in Apposition – when a noun directly follows another noun and is serving the function of renaming that first noun, that second noun is an appositive noun. Workbook, p. 87

My brother, a fireman, is off this week. Give the award to the best manager, Juan Carlos.

That man, my hero and a fine acountant, saved my life.

e. Verbals – a verbal is a verb used in a form other than its usual function as a verb.i. Base Form – when the simple base form of the verb is used as a noun.

We gave him the run of the house while we were gone. (run is a verbal and begins a verb phrase)

ii. Gerund – A gerund is a type of verbal in which –ing is added to a verb making it a noun: example:

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Running is great exercise, but swimming has less impact damage on your joints.

iii. Infinitives – the form of the verb when it has to in front of it.

We like to sing in a choir at Christmas time.

Week 12

Monday 4/24 – UNIT 11, Lesson 521. QUIZ D – Adj–C and NIO and anything from the Midterm. 2. Comparatives and Superlatives (L -52) (see workbook pages 47 – 48) – How to express similarities

and differences between words. a. To show comparison between things, there are three adjective/adverb forms to use depending

on the degree of comparison: Positive (base word) Blue/Slow, Comparative (-er ending) Bluer/Slower, Superlative (-est ending) Bluest/Slowest.

i. If the adjective has two or more syllables, or the adverb ends in –ly, use the words more or less as well as most and least to express degree of comparison:

AdjectivePositive – beautifulComparative – more beautiful/ less beautifulSuperlative – most beautiful/least beautiful.

AdverbPositive – quicklyComparative – more quickly/ less quicklySuperlative – most quickly /least quickly.

ii. However, some two syllable adjectives can take the –er and –est suffix as well as use more/less and most/least.

AdjectivePositive – happyComparative – happier/more(less) happySuperlative – happiest /most (least) happy

iii. Some are highly irregular:Adjective

Positive – good badComparative – better worse less

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Superlative – best worst leastAdverb

Positive – well badly far farComparative – better worse less farther furtherSuperlative – best worst least farthest furthest

b. Showing Similarities with the Positive Degree: as + positive adj/adv + as.

My brother is as strong as his trainer (is strong).John ate his food as quickly as the rest of the family ate.

c. Use Comparative for two; use Superlative for three or more.

The boss is a better accountant than the CFO. (There is only one other accountant with whom to compare the boss.)

The boss is the best accountant in the whole department (Here exists the implication that there are many accountants in the department with whom to compare the boss).

d. Look at “Logical Comparisons” on p 328.e. Watch out for these adjectives: ugly, lonely, curly. They all end in –ly, but they are not

adverbs.

Wednesday 4/26 – UNIT VI, Lesson 24 – Personal Pronouns 1. Personal Pronouns (L-24)

a. Three Forms i. Subjective – used when the pronoun is used in the Subjective case, that is when it is

operating the verb (Ns, Nsc)

This is me I. You are it They were here.I go to the store. He wants more. Let’s go, you and I. (with an Nsc)

ii. Objective – used in the objective case, that is, when it is receiving the action (Ndo, Nio, Nop) Ndo Nop

See me at midnight. He went with I me.

Nio Nop

She gave me the book or She gave the book to me

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iii. Possessive – when it is expressing ownership in either subjective or objective case (NS, Nsc, & Ndo, Nio, Nop)

NS

Jane’s record was the longest held for Track and field. Hers was beaten last year.

Nsc

The record for the men’s highest jump is mine.The second highest jump record is yours.

Nio

But Mario worked the hardest, so I give his the most applause.

Nsc Nop

The hardest won record is his. I will always give more recognition to his.

iv. Possessive – when used strictly as an adjective modifying a noun (Adj)

Adj Adv Adj

I found your cat under my house. Filimina is now his girlfriend.

b. Reflexive and Intensive – when pronouns end in -self or –selves, they reflect back on the noun or pronoun.

i. Reflexive – reflects and further clarifies the subject

Nio Ndo Nop

He is giving himself the gift of an expensive dinner. He is giving the dinner for himself.

Ndo

By this dinner he will have congratulated himself.

ii. Intensive – immediately re-identifies the noun

NS NS

He himself will be celebrating tonight. NS NS

The dinner itself will be exquisite.38

Ndo Ndo

The Chairperson will have sanctioned the President herself.

Do a sentence key and add punctuation if necessary.

She herself will meet with the client and open the deal but I think the deal will close itself.

Week 13

Monday 5/1, Lesson 25 Other Pronouns 1. Other Pronouns (L-25)

i. Indefinite Pronouns – refer to general groups of people or things: SINGULAR: another, much, one, nobody, etc (see list on page 152).

Everything in the room will be going to Good Will.This stuff will be driven there by one of us. Much of these items are quite valuable.We will find someone to help us over there.

PLURAL: both, few, many, several.

My books are first editions. Several are signed. Few of them are damaged.I have given both of my favorite books away. PLURAL OR SINGULAR: All, any, enough, none, some

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None of my friends are rich. PluralOf all the problems, there is none more pressing than the economy. Singular

Do you need help? Any is appreciated.Do you need more vehicles? Any are appreciated.

Some of the people in the theater were laughing.Some of the popcorn was on the floor.

ii. Demonstrative Pronouns – four words – this, that, these, those – that work as determiners, or as nouns in their own right, depending on how they are placed in the sentence.SINGULAR: this/that

NS Nsc

This is my last class.

NS Ndo Ndo

Are you taking this one or that one?

Adj NS Nsc

This class is the one.

PLURAL: these/those

Adj NS

These guys are my brothers; they get to stay. NS

Those must go.

iii. Interrogative Pronouns – see page 155.

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Wednesday 5/3 – UNIT 6 Lesson 25, 26

2. Pronoun Reference and Agreement (L-26)a. The Pronoun and The Antecedent – When a noun in one sentence is referred to by a pronoun in

another sentence, the pronoun must agree with its antecedent in terms of number (singular or plural), person (1st, 2nd, 3rd), and gender (male/female). Antecedent is the word we use to describe the noun that the pronoun replaces.

My manager hired Kate, my friend. He gave her the same salary as me.

The antecedents are Manager and Kate.

All the women bought their souvenirs already. They got them in the gift shop.

What are the antecedents?

b. See Singular and Plural Antecedents on pp158 and 159.

c. Faulty Antecedents – make sure that the antecedent/pronoun reference is clear

The union members are meeting with the company delegates. They are not hopeful about these negotiations.

Who is not hopeful?

The union members are meeting with the company delegates, but the members are not hopeful about these negotiations.

We went there, but it was terrible that day. We couldn’t have any fun at all.

What is it? What was bad?

We went there, but the weather was terrible that day.

d. Vague use of It, This, That, Which – see page 162.

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Week 14

Monday 5/8 – Unit VI Lesson 27 Subject-Verb Agreement1. Lesson 27, Subject-Verb Agreement

a. Singular Subjects

The ball got away. It rolled down the street.

It refers to the antecedent ball; Got and rolled are both 3rd person, singular.

Each of the balls in those baskets is deflated. Singular Subject with sing. verbAll of the balls in the baskets are deflated. Plural Subject with plural verbAll of the balls are in the baskets. They are all deflated. The antecedent

for they is all.

b. Plural Subjects

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Much is made of health food. Some argue that it is nonsense.

Much is a mass noun treated as singular. Some (people) is plural and gets a 3rd person, plural verb. In the second sentence, what does it refer to?

i. When you use either/or and neither/nor, you use the noun nearest the verb to determine agreement.

Either my mother or my aunts are showing off the new baby.

Neither John nor I see the sense in giving in to the enemy. 3rd person 1st person (the verb is not (John) sees but, rather, (I) see)

ii. When the subject has two parts but is considered to be a unit, use a singular verb form.

Pen and ink is my preferred medium for doing portraits.

Pen and ink are just two elements you can use for portraiture.

Wednesday 5/10 – UNIT VIII, Lesson 34 & 45 Adjective Clauses/Fragments 1. Adjective Clauses (L-34) – Just like adjectives and adjective prep phrases, the adjective clause modifies,

or further identifies a noun, but it has a Relative Pronoun working as the NS and a V. The relative pronouns that make this clause “dependent” are: who, whom, whose, that, and which.

Punctuation – a. If you start with a specific noun, and then go to an Adjective Clause, the Adjective Clause needs

commas.b.

ADV NS Vt adj Ndo prep adj Nop NS Vi Adv

I wanted that book for my brother, who does not read much.

ADV ADJ Prep adj Nop NS Vi Adv NS Vt adj Ndo Prep Adj Nop

For my brother, who does not read much, I wanted that book about the CW.

However, they sold that book to a man, Henry Babcock, whom they knew already.

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In fact, Henry Babcock, whose great grandfather fought in the Civil War, special ordered that book.

c. If you start with a general noun and follow it with an Adjective Clause, you do not need commas. ADVAdj NS NS Vi LV prep adj adj Nop

The book that I want is on the top shelf.

Adj NS NS Vi LV prep adj adj Nop

The book that I want is on the top shelf.

d. NOTE: generally speaking, when you start a DEP clause with that, you probably do not need commas. When you start with which, you probably do need commas.

The statue, which sits in my front yard, has been knocked down.

This is the statue that I want to replace in a few weeks.

2. Fragments (L-45)

a. I would love to go. Since you are going there anyway.

b. He belongs to the swim team. The high school swim team.

c. For most people. This is true.

d. We realized we had to do something different for this party. Changing the decorations this year.

e. I want to see you today. very important that we speak.

f. Those men, who were at my house yesterday. Were the life of the party.

g. I can’t wait to see him. light of my life.

Go to page 276 in textbook, and page 99 – 100 in Workbook.

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Week 15

Monday 5/15 – Lesson 39 the Passive Voice1. QUIZ E2. Passive Voice (L-39)

a. The NS and the receiver of the action, the Direct Object, switch positions. In the passive Voice, use the verb be + the past participle of the base verb.

i. Example:Active Voice

NS Vt NDO Adv.--------------My father and I are fixing my car this afternoon.

Passive Voice NS Vi Adv------------------------ My car is being fixed by my father and me.

ii. Example:Active Voice

NS Vt NDO I wrote that book.

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Passive Voice NS Vt Adv.----

That book was written by me.

Wednesday 5/17 –– UNIT X Lessons 48, 491. Lesson 49 Capitalization– see textbook page 305 -307; workbook page 110.2. Lesson 48 Quotation Marks – see textbook page 298; workbook, pages 111-113.

He told her to go downtown make a right on main street and look to the left to find the post office.

He said, “Go downtown, make a right on Main Street, and look to the left to find the Post Office.”

So I said to my wife with the one eye iris try to see it my way

Stay put I will take care of everything my mother said as she stormed for the neighbor’s house.

Get the red book on the top shelf said my mentor and I will teach you how to read ancient greek

So im standing there calling my dog – binko binko binko. He doesn’t come but my neighbor hears me yelling

for binko in my high-pitched voice and he yells to me hey mac I hear some sort of alarm going off at your

house.

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Week 16

Monday 5/22 – Review for Final Exam

Wednesday 5/24 – Review for Final Exam

Week 17

Monday 5/29 – Memorial Day – LAMC Closed

Wednesday 6/5 – FINAL EXAM 7:30 – 9:30

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1. Misc. Punctuationa. Places and Addresses – list the parts of the address with commas in this manner:

Separate each of the elements of an address with commas. Each element is considered parenthetical—that is, each element is ENCLOSED in commas. (Everybody forgets the final comma!)

I have worked in Sylmar for many years. (NO commas) I have worked in Sylmar, California, for many years. We visited relatives in Norman, Oklahoma, last summer.

If you are writing an entire address, imagine you are writing the address on an envelope. Use a comma wherever you would drop to the next line. Also, while standard post office abbreviations are acceptable when writing addresses on an envelope, they are generally avoided in text. For example, here is an address as it would appear on an envelope:

This would appear in text as follows:

Please send your resume to Steven Zyzzyx, Director of Personnel, Acme Films, 123 Sunset Boulevard, Hollywood, California 90095, by August 23, 2010.

b. Dates – list the parts of the date with commas in this manner:

Separate each of the elements of a reference to a day/date/year with commas. Each element is considered parenthetical—that is, each element is ENCLOSED in commas. (Everybody forgets the final comma!)

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Steven Zyzzyx

Director of Personnel

Acme Films

123 Sunset Blvd.

Hollywood, CA 90000

The baby was born on Monday at 5 p.m. The baby was born on Monday, July 12, 2010, at 5 p.m.

c. Nouns in Direct address

We use commas to set off the names, titles, or nicknames of people to whom we are speaking directly (addressing) when they appear in a sentence because they are NOT grammatically part of the idea.

John, did you know that your report is due today? (introductory element) Did you know, John, that your report is due today? (parenthetical element) Did you know that your report is due today, John? (parenthetical element)

James, you need to go to work.

I’m telling you, Sophie, you will be happy in this house.

I will go, but you will have to let me drive, Harry.

d. Do Misc. Comma Rules exercises in workbook starting on p 95 & 103.

Monday 5/29 – MEMORIAL DAY – LAMC CLOSED

Wednesday 5/31 – FINALS WEEK – NO CLASS

Monday 6/5 – FINAL EXAM – 7:30 – 9:30

Leftover in the schedule

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1. Negatives and Questions (L-13) ------------ NEGATIVESa. Not is an adverb You will not go. Not modifies the verb go.b. Most times you will need to use an auxiliary verb when using not.

i. I go.I not go. or I am not going.

ii. I jumped the line.I not jump the line. or I did not jump the line.

iii. The people vote this WednesdayThe people not vote this Wednesday. The people will not vote this Wed.

c. Do not use a double negative. I am not going to no flea market with my sister. INCORRECT

I am not going to the flea market with my sister. CORRECT

d. And . . . when using not in a past or present tense sentence, the aux. verb carries the tense.

Positive NegativePresent Tom runs for president this year. Tom does not run for president this year.Past Tom ran for president this year. Tom did not run for president this year. Future Tom will run for president this year. Tom will not run for president this year.

e. However, the verb to be can be used without the aux verb.

Positive NegativePresent I am famous in this town. I am not famous in this town.Past I was famous in this town. I was not famous in this town.Future I will be famous in this town. I will not be famous in this town.

f. Contractions: can not = can’t do not = don’t will not = won’t

2. Negatives and Questions (L-13) ------------ QUESTIONSa. Three kinds of questions:

i. Yes/No Vt NS Vt NDO NS Vt NDO

Did someone buy a new car? Yes, someone bought a new car.

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ii. Who? Which? What? – asks for some info (also: where/when/why/how which lead to adverbs). NS Vt NDO NS Vt NDO

Who is buying a new car? Sam is buying a new car.

Where? When? Why? How? – asks for info that leads to adverbs.

Adv Vi NS Vi Adv Where are we going tomorrow?

Tomorrow we are going to Aunt Wilmas’s house.

Adv Vi NS Vi Adv When will we get there? Idiomatic expression – what does “get” really mean?

We will likely get there at two o’clock. Adv Vi NS Vi Adv Why are we going there?

Aunt Wilma’s house is a terrific vacation spot.

Adv Vi NS Vi INF AdvHow are we going to travel there?

We can easily go by train.

iii. “Choose one” questions.

Vt NS Vt NDO NDO NS Vt NDOIs Sam buying an Acura or a BMW? Sam is buying a VW.

5. Doubling the Final Consonant Rule. Pg 15 in workbook (from Unit 2).

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