CRITICAL AND CREATIVE THINKING TEST ITEMSCLASS VII SUB: SCIENCE CHAPTER-18 : WASTEWATER STORY

INDEXS.No: Topic

1 Nanotechnology and water-waste

2 Basic Wastewater Treatment

3 Jakkur Lake

4 River Yamuna-Close to death

5 Role of the Waste Water Treatment Plant Operator

6 Waste Water Treatment Plant

7 Treatment of Electronic Waste

8 Biomedical Waste Management-(Covid Waste)

9 Swachh Bharat Abhiyan

10 East Kolkata Wetlands-Ramsar Site

KVS RO KOLKATAPractice items/ questions

Class VII (Science)Chapter: 18

Practice Item 1: Nanotechnology and water-waste

Semiconductors are essential components in technology products, including computers and smartphones. The demand for chips is going to increase with the wider adoption of solar energy and connected devices. Semiconductor manufacturing, however, requires large volumes of ultra-pure water to avoid the contamination of electronic devices. A typical semiconductor manufacturing facility uses two to four million gallons of ultra-pure water per day.

A semiconductor is a miniaturized electronic circuit containing a multitude of transistors. Water is fundamental to the manufacture of semiconductors. Over a series of steps, semiconductors are built in layers on silicon wafers into integrated circuits (also called microchips). After each one of several dozen layers of semiconductors are added to the silicon wafer, it must be rinsed, requiring massive amounts of water. A great deal of this water is Ultra-Pure Water (UPW), water that is thousands of times purer than drinking water. Water so clean, that it is regarded as an industrial solvent. To make 1,000 gallons of UPW takes roughly 1,400 -1,600 gallons of municipal water1.

To create an integrated circuit on a 30cm wafer, can require approximately 2,200 gallons of water; including 1,500 gallons of UPW. So, a large fabrication facility (Fab) that processes say, 40,000 wafers a month, can use up 4.8 million gallons of water per day, this equates to the annual water consumption of a city of 60,000 people. Clearly, the manufacture of semiconductors is highly water intensive.

In 2015, Intel, the largest semiconductor company by market capitalization, used nine billion gallons of water. Given the water intensity of these companies, showing good stewardship will be vital to managing water-related business risks.The manufacturing of semiconductors generates wastewater that contains heavy metals and toxic solvents. Due to the hazardous nature of these liquids, semiconductor companies historically have incurred clean-up costs related to groundwater contamination of up to USD

100 million. Regulators have also shut down facilities for releasing untreated effluents. Some companies are proactively meeting these challenges and mitigating related risks by reducing their reliance on chemicals and pro-actively improving the treatment of water before discharge. STMicroelectronics, for example, recycled and reused 45% of the total water it withdrew in 2015 and it partnered with Micron Technology to install on-site fluoride waste treatment facilities.

Several semiconductor facilities are situated in arid regions and it is here where the tension between the needs of industry and the community will be most acute. This is especially true where there is an economic driver to attract jobs and investment. Showing good stewardship is essential to maintaining goodwill with regulators and local populations. Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company (TSMC) is an example of a company that proactively managed community relations. During the 2015 drought, the Taiwanese government-imposed water restrictions, prompting concerns from the public regarding water use in the semiconductor industry. To alleviate these concerns, TSMC conducted a media tour to explain its water conservation efforts. Intel is another example of a good water steward that reduced water use in an arid region. In 2015 the company reduced water withdrawal at its facility in Rio Rancho, New Mexico by 40.5% compared to 2010.Transparency is another important element of being a good steward; however, disclosure on water use remains poor and incoherent. There is currently no industry standard for reporting on water use, making it difficult to assess the efforts of individual companies. Intel is an industry leader in disclosing water usage and reports on use by location with real-time data on its website. With the changing climate, water risks are likely to escalate in many regions, which could trigger stricter regulation on water efficiency and discharge. It is yet to be seen if the semiconductor industry can efficiently manage this risk.

Q1.1 Why pure water is required for semiconductor manufacturing factory? [1 mark]Q1.2 Why poor and incoherent disclosure on water use by different stake holders is matter of serious concern?[1 mark]Q1.3Why semiconductor manufacturing companies are pro-actively improving the treatment of water before discharge?[2 mark]Q1.4 what are the wastes from semiconductor factories that contaminate the water?[2 mark]Q1.5 in your opinion what is the impact of increasing demand of semiconductor devices on fresh water resources and supply?[2 mark]

Q1.6 Why country like China which is a manufacturing hub of semiconductor devices is heavily investing in NEELUM-JHELUM project (Hydroelectric power Station- Dam Construction on Neelum and Jhelum and River) in territory of Pak occupied Kashmir (POK) ?[2 mark]

Domain: Scientific literacy Theme: Nanotechnology and water -waste

Class: VII Chapter: 18Expected Time: 10 min

Credit: 10 PointsDescription of the Item: Text Learning Outcome:

i) Describe use of pure water in manufacturing of IC Chipsii) Describe the social and political impact of countries want control over fresh river water sources.

Scientific literacyPractice Item 1.1FRAME WORK CHARACTERISTICSCompetency Interpret data and evidence scientificallyKnowledge -System Technology systemsContext LocalCognitive Demand mediumItem Format Constructed response ItemsProficiency Level Level 2

Practice Item 1.2FRAME WORK CHARACTERISTICSCompetency Evaluate and design scientific enquiryKnowledge -System Technology systemsContext LocalCognitive Demand mediumItem Format Constructed response ItemsProficiency Level Level 2

Practice Item 1.3FRAME WORK CHARACTERISTICSCompetency Interpret data and evidence scientificallyKnowledge -System Technology systemsContext globalCognitive Demand mediumItem Format Constructed response ItemsProficiency Level Level 3Practice Item 1.4FRAME WORK CHARACTERISTICSCompetency Interpret data and evidence scientificallyKnowledge -System Technology systemsContext globalCognitive Demand HighItem Format Constructed response ItemsProficiency Level Level 3

Practice Item 1.5FRAME WORK CHARACTERISTICSCompetency Evaluate and design scientific enquiryKnowledge -System Technology systemsContext global

Cognitive Demand HighItem Format Constructed response ItemsProficiency Level Level 4

Practice Item 1.6FRAME WORK CHARACTERISTICSCompetency Evaluate and design scientific enquiryKnowledge -System Technology systemsContext GlobalCognitive Demand highItem Format Constructed response ItemsProficiency Level Level 6Credit Pattern:Full credit: 2 marksPartial Credit: 1 markNil credit: 0 markDescription of Answer Key and CreditsANSWER KEY CREDITS

Q1.1 To avoid the contamination of electronic devices 1 mark[Full Credit]

Q1.2 Amount of water used and waste water produced cannot be correctly known. And the amount of waste water to be treated cannot be correctly known. Any other correct reason

1 mark[Full Credit]

Q1.3 To prevent damage to the environment to reduce use of fresh water ,production of waste water to reuse the waste water or any other correct reason

2 marks[Full Credit]

Q1.4 heavy metals and toxic solvents or any other correct reason 2 marks[Full Credit]

Q1.5 with increasing demand of semiconductor devices more fresh water will be utilized which may cause water scarcity, draught, less supply of usable water than the demand.Or any other correct reason

2 marks[Full Credit]

Q1.6 China wants the control over the fresh water of Neelum and Jhelum rivers for Semiconductor factories.

2 marks[Full Credit]

Name of Teacher: UDAY SHANKAR PAULDesignation: PGT PHYSICSEmail: uday2014bkp@gmail.comName of Vidyalaya: Kendriya Vidyalaya CossiporeKVS Region: KV RO KOLKAT

Practice Item Practice Item 2: Basic Wastewater Treatment Processes

After the wastewater has been collected and transported to the plant, it is time for the treatment to begin.TREATMENT PROCESS PROCESS DESCRIPTIONPreliminary Treatment

Screening Removes rags, sticks, and other debris; protects pumping equipment.A comminutor grinds up rags and debris but does not physically remove debris from the wastewater

Degritting Removes settleable inorganic grit. Grit is heavy inorganic material in wastewater, such as sand, coffee grounds, eggshells, gravel, and cinders. Grit is abrasive on pumps and other equipment, and it is best if removed early in treatment.

Pre-Aeration Air is added into pre-aeration chambers to provide oxygen to the wastewater, thereby maintaining aerobic conditions and preventing septicity.

Flow Metering and Sampling

Measures and records flows; sample wastewater for analyses of components. Open channel flow measurement––wastewater flows through a flow control device that allows the flow rate to be determined by the depth of flow in the channel. In wastewater plants, there are many options for measuring open channel flow including: • Parshall Flume • Weir • Kennison Nozzle

Sedimentation and Flotation

Flow controlled (reduced) so that settleable solids fall to bottom of tank and lighter materials rise to water surface. • Primary Sedimentation tanks are also called primary clarifiers. • The layer of solids that settle out is sometimes referred to as the sludge blanket. Solids that settle out in the primary clarifier must be removed (wasted) periodically to digestion. • Floating material is removed by a surface skimmer and conveyed to the digestion process. • If sludge removed is watery and not substantial, the removal rate may be too high.

Secondary Treatment

Biological Treatment

A Fixed Film Process is a biological treatment process where the microorganisms attach themselves to structures known as media. The biodegradable organics are removed from the wastewater as it flows past and over the media containing the attached microorganisms.Media is the material in a trickling filter on which slime accumulates and organisms grow. Trickling Filter (TF) • Water trickles downward over media made of stone or plastic. • Plastic media comes in a variety of shapes and sizes. •Media offers a place for aerobic bacteria to attach, multiply, and feed on the passing wastewater.

Rotating Biological Contactor (RBC)• Rotating Biological Contractors have a rotating shaft surrounded by plastic disks (media) that allows microorganisms to grow. • Media is rotated in and out of the wastewater to provide oxygen for organisms, which feed on the wastewater.

A Suspended Growth Process is biological treatment process in which the microorganisms are suspended in the wastewater rather than physically attached to media. Oxygen is usually added to the suspended growth process to keep the biomass in suspension and to maintain aerobic conditions.

Sedimentation Separates biomass and chemical precipitates from treated wastewaterTertiary (Advanced) Treatment

Chemical Phosphorus

Removal Adds chemical to form precipitate with phosphorus for removal in the secondary clarifiers

Biological Nutrient Removal

Removes nitrogen and phosphorus using specialized microorganisms

Multimedia Filtration

Removes additional suspended solids (beyond that obtained by simple settling) using gravity or pressure filters

Disinfection Disinfection Kills pathogenic organismsSolids Treatment

Digestion Stabilizes remaining organic matter; reduces pathogen levels; results in overall net reduction in solids

Disposal Moves stabilized solids from plant to farmland for recycling or to landfill

Q2.1 What are the three major components of a Wastewater System? [2 mark] i). _______________________________________________________________________ ii). _______________________________________________________________________ iii). _______________________________________________________________________

Q2.2Match the Treatment Processes with the correct description.[2 mark]Treatment Process Descriptioni) Preliminary Treatment A. Sludge stabilization, pathogen reduction, and land applicationii) Primary Treatment B. Biological treatment that produces acceptable effluent

iii) Secondary Treatment C. Remove large debris by screening and degrittingiv) Solids Handling & Disposal D. Eliminate dissolved and non-settleable/colloidal organic material

E. Inactivate pathogenic organisms F. Remove settleable solids

G. Reduce nutrient content to prevent algae growth

Q2.3 ________________________wastewater has a characteristic black color and is brought on by the action of anaerobic bacteria.[1 mark]Q2.4What type of settling tank typically follows the biological treatment step [1 mark]a. Primary clarifier b. Secondary clarifier c. Trickling filter d. Equalization tankQ2.5 Describe two methods of effluent disposal. [2 mark]1. _______________________________________________________________________ 2. _________________________________________Q2.6 How the waste water treatment plant can improve the soil fertility of a particular area?[2 mark]_______________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________

Domain: Scientific literacy Theme: Basic Wastewater Treatment Processes

Class: VII Chapter: 18Expected Time: 10 minCredit: 10 Points

Description of the Item: Text and Image

Learning Outcome: i) Describe how wastewater is collected and transported to a treatment plant. ii) Indicate the function of each treatment process. iii) Describe two methods of effluent disposal.

Scientific literacyPractice Item 2.1FRAME WORK CHARACTERISTICSCompetency Explain phenomenon scientificallyKnowledge -System physical systemsContext personalCognitive Demand mediumItem Format Constructed response ItemsProficiency Level Level 1(b)

Practice Item 2.2FRAME WORK CHARACTERISTICSCompetency Make and justify appropriate predictionsKnowledge -System Physical systemsContext personal

Cognitive Demand mediumItem Format Closed Constructed response ItemsProficiency Level Level 2

Practice Item 2.3FRAME WORK CHARACTERISTICSCompetency Interpret data and evidence scientificallyKnowledge -System Procedural knowledgeContext personalCognitive Demand mediumItem Format Closed Constructed response ItemsProficiency Level Level 3

Practice Item 2.4FRAME WORK CHARACTERISTICSCompetency Explain phenomenon scientificallyKnowledge -System Procedural knowledgeContext personalCognitive Demand mediumItem Format Closed Constructed response ItemsProficiency Level Level 3Practice Item 2.5FRAME WORK CHARACTERISTICSCompetency Explain phenomenon scientificallyKnowledge -System Epistemic knowledgeContext LocalCognitive Demand mediumItem Format Open Constructed response ItemsProficiency Level Level 3

Practice Item 2.6FRAME WORK CHARACTERISTICSCompetency Explain phenomenon scientificallyKnowledge -System Technology systemsContext LocalCognitive Demand mediumItem Format Open Constructed response ItemsProficiency Level Level 4

Credit Pattern:Full credit: 2 marksPartial Credit: 1 markNil credit: 0 mark

Description of Answer Key and CreditsANSWER KEY CREDITS

Q2.1 Collection and Conveyance of WastewaterWastewater TreatmentEffluent Disposal

2mark[Full Credit]Partial Credit for mentioning two points

Q2.2 i) --C ii)--D iii)--B iv)--A

2 mark[Full Credit]Partial Credit for two correct points

Q2.3 Pre-aeration 1 mark[Full Credit]

Q2.4 Trickling filter 1 mark[Full Credit]

Q2.5 Stream Discharge Land Disposal

2 marks[Full Credit]

Q2.6The solid wastes from a WWTP can be used in farmland after recycling which can be used a s bio- manure.Or any other correct reason

2 marks[Full Credit]

Name of Teacher: UDAY SHANKAR PAULDesignation: PGT PHYSICSEmail: uday2014bkp@gmail.comName of Vidyalaya: Kendriya Vidyalaya CossiporeKVS Region: KV RO KOLKATA

Practice Item Practice Item 3: Jakkur Lake

The 160-acre lake was constructed about 200 years ago to meet water needs of the Jakkur village, Bengaluru. It was part of an integrated wetlands ecosystem comprising a sewage treatment plant (STP) with a 10-million-litre-per-day capacity and a wetland with nutrient-absorbing plants. Water treated by the STP flowed into the wetland where it was purified further.

The model was hailed for keeping the lake at the prime of its ecological health. Researchers have found, water quality to be worsening with higher levels of nutrients -nitrates, phosphates and ammonia -and increased levels of biochemical oxygen. Also, the water is turning greenish due to algae. This is because the constructed wetland not working efficiently. Raw sewage from Yelahanka, Allalasandra and Kogilu is entering the lake through the wetlands. On top of this, researchers said the wetland has not been maintained properly. The wetland is overloaded due to which nitrate and phosphate levels have gone up.

Bengaluru, being a water stressed city, was looking at opportunities to reuse and recycle of tertiary treated municipal sewage for cooling tower application in a nearby power plant. Jakkur STP(sewage treatment plant), being a 10 MLD(million-litre-per-day) plant based on conventional anaerobic + conventional activated sludge, was identified to supply about 15 MLD of recycled water for the power plant. The entire plant was designed and retrofitted as two process trains of 7.5 MLD. While evaluating various technologies, there were several challenges. As the treated sewage was to be used in a power plant, soluble BOD [Biological oxygen demand, BOD is a measure of the amount of oxygen required to remove waste organic matter from water in the process of decomposition by aerobic bacteria (those bacteria that live only in an environment containing oxygen)] of less than 2 mg/l and total Nitrogen of less than 10 was required. Meeting the outlet parameters by using the existing infrastructure for both nutrient removal and capacity enhancement within a stipulated budget was incredibly challenging.

World Water Works identified the best suitable upgrade to be Integrated Fixed Film Activated Sludge technology (IFAS) as the requirements was for nutrient removal and to make use of existing infrastructure. The goal of and IFAS system is to retain and grow the slower growing nitrification bacteria on the specially designed bio-media. Existing anaerobic tanks were converted into Bio-P and Anoxic tanks. The existing Anoxic tank was converted into an IFAS zone where WWW bio-media was used to support the nitrifiers for nitrification. The existing activated sludge tank remained as a conventional aeration tank for ammonia polishing. Doing so, the existing infrastructure were put to best use and the entire biological treatment including the Biological nutrient removal was achieved without adding any extra civil structures.As per the client requirement, the existing secondary clarifiers were used for separation of the MLSS (Mixed liquor suspended solids)and downstream chlorination was adopted as a preferred disinfection process.

Project Goals: 1. Increase of treatment capacity from 10 MLD to 15 MLD 2. Ensure Biological Nutrient removal to achieve Total Nitrogen

The plant modifications were successfully completed without treatment interruption by modifying one process train at a time. Both the trains were made operational by August 2018 and the entire upgrade plant was successfully commissioned by September 2018.

Despite operating with very high MLSS being maintained in the IFAS system, the operating SVI (sludge volume index) was consistently about 90 mL/g, which is characteristic of a very stable system. Because of low SVI, the clarifier had effluent TSS less than 20 mg/L over a period of 18 months since commissioning of the plant while the solids loading rate was higher than design.After the entire upgrade using WWW IFAS technology and commissioning the plant, it is performing exceptionally well and the ultra-filtered treated water is being reused in cooling tower application without any issues being reported.

Q3.1 A type of contaminant that always contains carbon and is derived from animals, plants or may be a manufactured chemical compound is an: [1 mark]a. Inorganic contaminant b. Salt contaminant c. Organic contaminant d. Pathogen

Q3.2 Typical influent (untreated) BOD to a wastewater plant is approximately: [1 mark]a. 20 to 30 mg/L b. 100 to 125 mg/L c. 200 to 250 mg/L d. 500 to 600 mg/L

Q3.3 Organic contaminants exert an oxygen demand, which is measured as ____________.[1 mark]

Q3.4 True or False: Total solids consist of dissolved solids and suspended solids. [1 mark]

Q3.5 Being a natural wetland why the Jakkur lake is not able to treat the sewage efficiently? [1 mark]Q3.6 Bangaluru being a smart city and electronic city, why excessive use of solar panel for electricity can cause water scarcity? [1 mark]Q3.7 In your opinion what are the natural factors or ingredients which helped in the process of sewage treatment?[2 mark]Q3.8 Why Bangalore is becoming a water stressed city?[2 mark]

Domain: Scientific literacy Theme: Jakkur lake Class: VII Chapter: 18Expected Time: 10 minCredit: 10 Points

Description of the Item: Text Learning Outcome: i) Describe how wastewater can be treated naturally.ii) Describe the social and ecological impact of over population.

Scientific literacyPractice Item 3.1FRAME WORK CHARACTERISTICSCompetency Interpret data and evidence scientificallyKnowledge -System Living systemsContext personalCognitive Demand mediumItem Format Mcq with one correct answerProficiency Level Level 2

Practice Item 3.2FRAME WORK CHARACTERISTICSCompetency Analyze and interpret data and draw appropriate

conclusionsKnowledge -System Living systemsContext LocalCognitive Demand HighItem Format MCQProficiency Level Level 2

Practice Item 3.3FRAME WORK CHARACTERISTICSCompetency Transform data from one representation to

anotherKnowledge -System Living systemsContext LocalCognitive Demand HighItem Format Constructed response itemsProficiency Level Level 2

Practice Item 3.4FRAME WORK CHARACTERISTICSCompetency Identify the assumptions ,evidence and reasoning

in science related textKnowledge -System Living systemsContext LocalCognitive Demand HighItem Format Binary choiceProficiency Level Level 3

Practice Item 3.5FRAME WORK CHARACTERISTICSCompetency Identify the assumptions ,evidence and reasoning

in science related textKnowledge -System Living systemsContext personalCognitive Demand HighItem Format Open Constructed response itemsProficiency Level Level 4

Practice Item 3.6FRAME WORK CHARACTERISTICSCompetency Evaluate ways of exploring a given question

scientificallyKnowledge -System Living systemsContext localCognitive Demand HighItem Format Open Constructed response itemsProficiency Level Level 4

Practice Item 3.7FRAME WORK CHARACTERISTICSCompetency Evaluate and design scientific enquiryKnowledge -System Living systemsContext LocalCognitive Demand HighItem Format Constructed response itemsProficiency Level Level 5

Practice Item 3.8FRAME WORK CHARACTERISTICSCompetency Evaluate and design scientific enquiryKnowledge -System Living systemsContext LocalCognitive Demand HighItem Format Constructed response itemsProficiency Level Level 5

Credit Pattern:Full credit: 2 marksPartial Credit: 1 markNil credit: 0 mark

Description of Answer Key and CreditsANSWER KEY CREDITS

Q3.1 Organic contaminant 1 mark[Full Credit]

Q3.2 100 to 125 mg/L 1 mark[Full Credit]

Q3.3 BOD 1 mark[Full Credit]

Q3.True 1 mark[Full Credit]

Q3.5 Untreated sewage from Yelahanka, Allalasandra and Kogilu is entering the lake through the wetlands. Lack of maintenance. Or any other correct reason

1mark[Full Credit]

Q3.6 Huge amount of ultra pure water is required to produce a single silicon wafer which is used in making solar cells and panels

1mark[Full Credit]

Q3.7 Vast open space, natural micro organisms, the plants grown in the wetland and the aquatic living organisms

2 marks[Full Credit]

Q3.8 increasing population in Bangalore city, more use of natural resources, increased number of civil constructions less rainfall or any other reason

2 marks[Full Credit]

Name of Teacher: UDAY SHANKAR PAULDesignation: PGT PHYSICSEmail: uday2014bkp@gmail.comName of Vidyalaya: Kendriya Vidyalaya CossiporeKVS Region: KV RO KOLKATA

Practice Item 4: River Yamuna

The slightly discolored river water at Wazirabad barrage turns black about 150 meters downstream. This point is where the smelly, mucky sewage from the about 10-metre wide Najafgarh drain empties into the Yamuna.In the second part of a three-part series on Yamuna’s pollution, The Hindu explores how the Delhi Jal Board (DJB), responsible for laying sewer network and treating sewage, has missed multiple deadlines for projects to treat sewage generated by the city.The DJB has missed deadlines of June 2019 for setting up of a Sewage Treatment Plant (STP), to increase utilization of the existing STPs to 99%, plugging of four drains which fall into the river and setting up of an Interceptor Sewer Project (ISP) to treat sewage in areas without sewer lines.Both experts and a monitoring committee (MC) appointed by the National Green Tribunal (NGT) state that untreated sewage flowing into Yamuna through 22 natural drains in the city is a major cause of pollution.

A new study has revealed that the Yamuna River in Delhi has almost ‘died’ - and there are no signs of healing as even after treatment, the water remains toxic and unfit for any purpose. The study, published in International Journal of Engineering Sciences & Research Technology, stated: “Even expensive water treatment technologies are incapable of treating

the polluted river water. And, the conventional water processes based on chemical filtration and biological treatment are not suitable for removing the Total Dissolved Solids (TDS).”

Researchers collected and tested water samples from the Najafgarh drain, a nursing home drain out, the stream of the Yamuna near the Nizamuddin Bridge, Okhala barrage, and near the origin of Agra canal - all of which flow into the Yamuna. The Yamuna River is a vital natural resource and the study also noted that an alarming amount of polluted water is supplied to the Agra canal for irrigating the agricultural lands of 638 villages. “We investigated the impact of urban runoff on the water quality of the Yamuna River in Delhi, which flows into the Agra canal and is used for irrigation purposes. "Results showed drastic variations in each of the water samples after treatment,” said R S Dubey, Department of Applied Chemistry, Amity University, Noida, the author of the study. “Water pollution levels are higher by multiples than the limit prescribed by the pollution control authorities for irrigation. The water quality of Yamuna is polluted and not suitable for any other purposes,” he said. Yamuna water is unusable for crop irrigation and should not be consumed, the study warned. Water samples were analyzed for various physio-chemical parameters such as pH, total suspended solids (TSS), total dissolved solids (TDS), total hardness (TH), total alkalinity (TA), biological oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), dissolved oxygen (DO), electrical conductivity (EC), chloride, sulphate, nitrate, toxic metals, and microbial population (MP) levels by following the standard method. The water quality was good along areas where the river enters Delhi before the Wazirabad barrage. While the optimum pH for river water is around 7.4, the study found that Mean pH of the Yamuna water varies from 7.5 to 11.8 at different sampling points. Where BOD levels are high, DO levels decrease because the oxygen in the water is consumed by the bacteria. “An experimental observation shows the DO as zero. The type of water in Delhi falls under ‘dead water quality’, thereby making it unfit for irrigation or any other domestic or industrial purpose,” said Dubey. “Most of the rivers in the urban regions are the end points of waste water discharged from households and industries, which create major problem for river water quality management.

The waste-water discharges contribute to significant river water degradation, reduce agricultural products quality, land fertility and ultimately affect public health,” said Dubey. The study also found major groundwater pollution in the Yamuna riverbed. The researchers have recommended industrial and untreated sewage waste to be checked immediately. Commercial establishments on the Yamuna river bank must be monitored strictly by appropriate authorities, and they should change the present sewage treatment technology as soon as possible. Discharge and pollution load contributed by major drains in river Yamuna at NCT- Delhi

There are twenty-one major wastewater drains in NCT-Delhi, out of which 18 drains join Yamuna River and rest joins Agra/Gurgaon canal.

All the drains join Yamuna River downstream of Wazirabad barrage. These drains are being monitored regularly on monthly basis. The range of total BOD Load of 18 drains join Yamuna river was 105 TPD (August, 2015) to

214 TPD (March, 2015). Total discharge of these drains was varied from 30m3 /s (March,2015) to 42 m3 /s

(February, 2014). The collective average of these drains for the year 2014 and 2015 in terms of discharge

was about 36.3 m3 /s and 34.8 m3 /respectively whereas, BOD load average for these two years was 163 Tons/day (TPD) and 164 Tons/day respectively.

Based on the Discharge and BOD load of 18 drains Najafgarh drain was the biggest polluter of Yamuna River followed by Shahadara drain. These two drains alone contributes about 73% of total BOD load and 81% of total discharge of the 18 major drains that join Yamuna river at Delhi

Q4.1 Why the pH value of Yamuna river water changed ? [1 mark]

Q4.2 Why the water quality changed after Yamuna river enters Delhi region? [1 mark]Q4.3 How the high pH value of Yamuna river water affect the irrigation in agricultural land? [2 mark]Q4.4As a resident of Delhi what practices you should follow for a cleaner Yamuna? [2 mark]Q4.5 In your opinion what steps the authority must take for a cleaner Yamuna? [2 mark]Q4.6 What is the impact of polluted water of Yamuna on ground water table ? [2 mark]

Domain: Scientific literacy Theme: River Yamuna 'close to death'

Class: VII Chapter: 18Expected Time: 10 minCredit: 10 Points

Description of the Item: Text Learning Outcome: i) Describe how Yamuna river get pollutedii) Describe the social and economical impact of polluted river water.

Scientific literacyPractice Item 4.1FRAME WORK CHARACTERISTICSCompetency Interpret data and evidence scientificallyKnowledge -System Chemical changes of matterContext personalCognitive Demand mediumItem Format Constructed response itemsProficiency Level Level 2

Practice Item 4.2FRAME WORK CHARACTERISTICSCompetency Interpret data and evidence scientificallyKnowledge -System Physical systemsContext LocalCognitive Demand mediumItem Format Open Constructed response itemsProficiency Level Level 2

Practice Item 4.3FRAME WORK CHARACTERISTICSCompetency Interpret data and evidence scientificallyKnowledge -System Population and ecosystemContext LocalCognitive Demand highItem Format Open Constructed response itemsProficiency Level Level 3

Practice Item 4.4FRAME WORK CHARACTERISTICSCompetency Make and justify appropriate predictionsKnowledge -System Scientific explanations

Context personalCognitive Demand mediumItem Format Open Constructed response itemsProficiency Level Level 3Practice Item 4.5FRAME WORK CHARACTERISTICSCompetency Make and justify appropriate predictionsKnowledge -System Scientific explanationsContext localCognitive Demand HighItem Format Open Constructed response itemsProficiency Level Level 4

Practice Item 4.6FRAME WORK CHARACTERISTICSCompetency Explain the potential implications of scientific

knowledge for societyKnowledge -System Ecosystem and BiosphereContext LocalCognitive Demand HighItem Format Open Constructed response itemsProficiency Level Level 4

Credit Pattern:Full credit: 2 marksPartial Credit: 1 markNil credit: 0 mark

Description of Answer Key and CreditsANSWER KEY CREDITS

Q4.1 due to direct discharge of untreated sewage water containing high level of alkaline substance in Yamuna. Or Any other correct reason

1 mark[Full Credit]

Q4.2 due to direct discharge of Najafgarh drain and Shahadara drain. These two drains alone contributes about 73% of total BOD

1 mark[Full Credit]

Q4.3 soil become unfit for farming due to alkaline nature, poor quality of farm products, toxic substance may go into fruits and vegetables which can cause health hazard or even CancerOr any other correct reason

1 mark +1 mark[Full Credit]

Q4.4reduce the use of water, reuse of kitchen water for kitchen garden etc, creating awareness among the resident’s individual, not to add solid waste directly to the drains, Appeal to the Government or local bodies to set up a STP near the locality Or any other correct reason

2 marks[Full Credit]

Q4.5 setting up of more numbers of STP, Increasing the capacity of existing STPs, Strict regulations of the factory wastes, imposing strict laws violating the prescribed standards regarding waste water or any other correct reason

2 marks[Full Credit]

Q4.6 the contamination may spread to the ground water, devolving of heavy metals into ground 2 marks

water or any other correct reason [Full Credit]

Name of Teacher: UDAY SHANKAR PAULDesignation: PGT PHYSICSEmail: uday2014bkp@gmail.comName of Vidyalaya: Kendriya Vidyalaya CossiporeKVS Region: KV RO KOLKATA

Practice Item 5:Role of the Waste water Treatment Plant Operator

i) Planning, Design, and Construction of New FacilitiesThe Treatment Plant Operator can be an important member of the design team for the construction of new facilities. • Planning and Design Phase • Offer input about the design and how the plant should be operated efficiently. • In a plant expansion project, offer important information regarding the limitations of the current facility. • Offer input on issues such as maintainability, security, operability, and safety. • Construction Phase• During construction, the Treatment Plant Operator should become familiar with the plant, including equipment and machinery and their operation. ii) Administration • Supervision• Even small facilities must have a chief operator responsible for overall operation of a plant. • Treatment Plant Operator will be responsible for scheduling and supervision activities of other operators, mechanics, and laborers. • Record Keeping• Treatment Plant Operator is ultimately responsible for maintaining accurate records. • Accurate records establish history of compliance with NPDES discharge permit and verify plant performance. • Financial Administration • Treatment Plant Operator must identify and manage plant needs, including equipment and personnel. • Treatment Plant Operator must be able to create and manage an operating budget.iii) Wastewater Treatment Plant Operations and Maintenance• Process ControlA certified operator must make all the process control decisions for the system. Available: Must be on-site or be available to be contacted if there is a need to make a” process control decision. An available operator must hold the correct certification class and subclass to operate their system “Process control” decisions: A process control decision is any action to maintain or change the quality or quantity of water being treated. • Laboratory Procedures• Sample collection • Data obtained from sample analysis establishes proof of treatment process performance. • Process control depends on reliable laboratory data. • Mechanical Principles • Treatment Plant Operator should have a general knowledge of pumps, hydraulics, electric motors, and circuitry. iv) Public RelationsRole is to explain the plant purpose and provide operational information to various groups. • Plant Tours• Appearance is important. A clean, well-maintained plant adds credibility to your operation.

• Annual “open house” provides opportunity for public to learn about the plant and how it operates. Coordinate any plant visits or tours with your security personnel. • Downstream User Interests • Treatment plants protect water for downstream users, so establish role as protector, not polluter.v) Safety• Safety Program Planning • Treatment plants should be a safe place to work and visit. • Ensure safety by planning programs and training the operators

5.1. True or False: Treatment plant operators are required to complete continuing education.[1 mark] 5.2. A process control decision is any action to maintain or change the ______________ or _______________ of water being treated. [1 mark]5.3. Which one of the following is a treatment plant operator NOT responsible for: [1 mark] a. Plant tours b. Process control decisions c. Upgrading the electrical service panel d. Collecting samples

Q5.4 Why record keeping is important for a plant operator?[1 mark]_________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________

5.5 What are some typical safety issues in a plant?[2 mark]_________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________

5.6 What is the role of people of the native place in treatment of Waste Water?[2 mark]_________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________

Q5.7 how a WWTP can increase the economical growth of a particular area?[2 mark]_________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________Domain: Scientific literacy Theme: Role of the Waste Class: VII Chapter: 18

Water Treatment Plant Operator

Expected Time: 10 minCredit: 10 Points

Description of the Item: Text Learning Outcome:Explain the importance of Waste Water Treatment Plant OperatorUnderstand the role of WWTP operator

Scientific literacyPractice Item 5.1FRAME WORK CHARACTERISTICSCompetency Explain Phenomenon ScientificallyKnowledge -System Scientific enquiry and explanationsContext PersonalCognitive Demand MediumItem Format Constructed response itemsProficiency Level Level 2

Practice Item 5.2FRAME WORK CHARACTERISTICSCompetency Explain Phenomenon ScientificallyKnowledge -System Scientific enquiryContext PersonalCognitive Demand MediumItem Format Binary choiceProficiency Level Level 2

Practice Item 5.3FRAME WORK CHARACTERISTICSCompetency Explain Phenomenon ScientificallyKnowledge -System Technology systemContext PersonalCognitive Demand MediumItem Format MCQProficiency Level Level 2

Practice Item 5.4FRAME WORK CHARACTERISTICSCompetency Explain Phenomenon ScientificallyKnowledge -System Physical systemContext LocalCognitive Demand MediumItem Format Open Constructed response itemsProficiency Level Level 3Practice Item 5.5FRAME WORK CHARACTERISTICSCompetency Explain Phenomenon ScientificallyKnowledge -System Technology systemContext local

Cognitive Demand mediumItem Format Constructed response itemsProficiency Level Level 3

Practice Item 5.6FRAME WORK CHARACTERISTICSCompetency Explain Phenomenon ScientificallyKnowledge -System Scientific explanationsContext localCognitive Demand HighItem Format Open Constructed response itemsProficiency Level Level 3

Practice Item 5.7FRAME WORK CHARACTERISTICSCompetency Explain Phenomenon ScientificallyKnowledge -System Scientific enquiryContext localCognitive Demand HighItem Format Open Constructed response itemsProficiency Level Level 4

Credit Pattern:Full credit: 2 marksPartial Credit: 1 markNil credit: 0 mark

Description of Answer Key and CreditsANSWER KEY CREDITS

Q5.1 True 1 mark[Full Credit]

Q5.2 quality and quantity 1 mark[Full Credit]

Q5.3 Upgrading the electrical service panelOr any other correct reason

1 mark[Full Credit]

Q5.4 Accurate records establish history of compliance with NPDES discharge permit and verify plant performance.

1 mark[Full Credit]

Q5.5Treatment plants should be a safe place to work and visit. Ensure safety by planning programs and training the operators. Or any other correct reason

2 marks[Full Credit]

Q5.6creating awareness, knowledge about WWTPOr any other correct reason

2 marks[Full Credit]

Q5.7. clean environment, increased sanitation, solid wastes of wwtp can be used in farm land to increase the fertility of land, Or any other correct reason

2 marks[Full Credit]

Name of Teacher: UDAY SHANKAR PAUL

Designation: PGT PHYSICSEmail: uday2014bkp@gmail.comName of Vidyalaya: Kendriya Vidyalaya CossiporeKVS Region: KV RO KOLKATA

KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA SANGATHAN KOLKATA REGION

CLASS VIIDOMAIN-SCIENTIFIC

LITERACYCHAPTER 18

(WASTE WATER STORY)

QUESTION NO 6 (WWTP- WASTE WATER TREATMENT PLANT)

Sewage treatment is the process of removing contaminants from municipal wastewater, containing mainly household sewage plus some industrial wastewater. Sewage treatment may also be referred to as wastewater treatment. Physical, chemical, and biological processes are used to remove contaminants and produce treated waste water (or treated effluent) that is safe enough for release into the environment. The following figure shows the steps to treat waste water.

Question 6.1 Waste water contains the following type of contaminantsi. Organic wasteii. Inorganic wasteiii. Chemical wasteiv. All of the above

Question 6.2Fill in the blanks:-_____________________ is a liquid waste which causes water and soil pollution. Question 6.3 Explain the function of bar screens in a waste water treatment plant. __________________________________________________________

Question 6.4 A number of waterborne diseases can be prevented by:Washing hands thoroughly with soap and water before eating and after defecating. Yes/NoPrevent drinking water from untreated sources Yes/NoHeating all food before consuming Yes/NoKeeping food and water covered at all times Yes/No

Question 6.5 Explain why air is pumped in the water in the aeration tank?_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Template -6

Domain: Scientific Literacy

Theme: Waste Water StoryCONCEPT- WWTP - WASTE WATER TREATMENT PLANT

CLASS: VIIExpected time: 15minutesTotal Credit:10

Description of Item: Text& Image

Learning Outcome:a) Conducts simple investigations to seek answers to queries.b) Applies learning of scientific concepts in day-to-day life, c) Application of the idea to natural phenomena/ daily life experiencesd) Identify the scientific components of many complex life situations

QUESTION NO. 6.1FRAMEWORK CHARACTERISTICSCOMPETENCY Interpret data and evidence scientificallyKNOWLEDGE SYSTEM Physical systemsCONTEXT PersonalCOGNITIVE DEMAND MediumITEM FORMAT MCQPROFICIENCY LEVEL 2

QUESTION NO. 6.2FRAMEWORK CHARACTERISTICSCOMPETENCY Make and justify appropriate predictionsKNOWLEDGE SYSTEM Physical systemsCONTEXT GlobalCOGNITIVE DEMAND MediumITEM FORMAT Closed constructed ResponsePROFICIENCY LEVEL 3

QUESTION NO. 6.3FRAMEWORK CHARACTERISTICSCOMPETENCY Interpret data and evidence scientificallyKNOWLEDGE SYSTEM Scientific enquiryCONTEXT GlobalCOGNITIVE DEMAND MediumITEM FORMAT Open constructed PROFICIENCY LEVEL 4

QUESTION NO. 6.4FRAMEWORK CHARACTERISTICSCOMPETENCY Evaluate and Design scientific enquiryKNOWLEDGE SYSTEM Epistemic knowledgeCONTEXT PersonalCOGNITIVE DEMAND MediumITEM FORMAT Binary choicePROFICIENCY LEVEL 3

QUESTION NO. 6.5FRAMEWORK CHARACTERISTICSCOMPETENCY Explain the phenomena scientificallyKNOWLEDGE SYSTEM Procedural knowledgeCONTEXT GlobalCOGNITIVE DEMAND HighITEM FORMAT Open constructed PROFICIENCY LEVEL 5

Credit Pattern:Full Credit: 2Partial Credit:1Nil Credit:0

Description of Answer Key and Credits:QUESTION NO 6 (WWTP- WASTE WATER TREATMENT PLANT)

Question 6.1 Full credit: All of the abovePartial Credit: any two correct answerNo Credit: Other responses and missing

Question 6.2Full credit: Sewage Partial Credit: Waste waterNo Credit: Other responses and missing

Question 6.3 Full credit: Bar screen removes the pollutants of large size from the waste water.Partial Credit: removes pollutants without mentioning sizeNo Credit: Other responses and missing

Question 6.4 Full credit: Yes, Yes, Yes, YesPartial Credit: any two correct answerNo Credit: Other responses and missing

Question 6.5 Full credit: Air is pumped into the clarified water to help aerobic bacteria to grow. Bacteria consume human

waste, food waste, soaps and other unwanted matter still remaining in clarified water.Sometimes it may be necessary to kill the bacteria in water with chemicals like chlorine and ozone

before releasing it into the distribution system. Partial Credit: Only the first part of the answer.No Credit: Other responses and missing

Name of Item writer: Mr. Niharendu SenPGT (Phy), K V Barrackpore (Army)Email id:niharendus@gmail.comPhone No. 9748918277

QUESTION NO 7 (TREATMENT OF ELECTRONIC WASTE)The use of electronic devices are growing in our society day by day with the development of technology. Used and obsolete Electronic equipment's are called E-waste . They contain many hazardous metallic contaminants such as lead, cadmium, and beryllium and brominated flame-retardants.The fraction including iron, copper, aluminum, gold, and other metals in e-waste is over 60%, while plastics account for about 30% and the hazardous pollutants comprise only about 2.70%. Many toxic heavy metals, lead is the most widely used in electronic devices for various purposes, resulting in a variety of health hazards due to environmental contamination. In India, solid waste management, with the emergence of e-waste, has become a complicated task. The total waste generated by obsolete or broken down electronic and electrical equipment was estimated to be 1,46,000 tonnes for the year 2005,

which is expected to exceed 8,00,000 tonnes by 2012.the following chart shows the type of waste under the category of E-waste.

Question 7.1 Following item from the kitchen is not a E waste

i. Microwave Ovenii. Induction cookeriii. Gas stove/Burneriv. RO Water Purifier

Question 7.2 a) Lead is the most widely used metal for soldering in electronic devices. b) In some industrially developed zones of a country, the residents had a high incidence of

skin damage, headaches, vertigo, nausea, chronic gastritis, and gastric and duodenal ulcers. Further it was found that the blood lead levels of children were higher than the mean level in other parts of the country.

Write the relation of the above two statements.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Question 7.3(Attitude)How much do you agree with the following statements,tick one of the boxes given below in regard of electronic waste

Strongly agree

Agree Disagree Strongly disagree

Use less , buy less, avoid wasteUse things for more time, repair the equipment s ,gift old items to needy peopleSeparate usable parts after use, transform to something new

Question 7.4 The adjoining figure shows the state wise e waste generation of India, arrange the following states in the increasing order of e waste generation.

a) Maharashtrab) West Bengalc) Tamilnadud) Gujrat

Question 7.5 In the Dumping grounds of some industrially developed areas of the country it is observed that small children are engaged in breaking and picking of old electronic equipment s , what type of health hazards they will face ,explain? _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Template -7

Domain: Scientific Literacy Theme: Waste Water StoryCONCEPT- TREATMENT OF ELECTRONIC WASTE

CLASS: VIIExpected time: 15minutesTotal Credit:10

Description of Item: Text& Image

Learning Outcome:e) Conducts simple investigations to seek answers to queries.f) Applies learning of scientific concepts in day-to-day life, g) Application of the idea to natural phenomena/ daily life

experiencesh) Identify the scientific components of many complex life

situations

QUESTION NO. 7.1FRAMEWORK CHARACTERISTICSCOMPETENCY Evaluate ways of exploring a given question

scientificallyKNOWLEDGE SYSTEM EPISTEMIC KNOWLEDGECONTEXT PersonalCOGNITIVE DEMAND MediumITEM FORMAT MCQPROFICIENCY LEVEL 2

QUESTION NO. 7.2FRAMEWORK CHARACTERISTICSCOMPETENCY Interpret data and evidence scientificallyKNOWLEDGE SYSTEM Content knowledgeCONTEXT PersonalCOGNITIVE DEMAND MediumITEM FORMAT Open constructed PROFICIENCY LEVEL 3

QUESTION NO. 7.3FRAMEWORK CHARACTERISTICSCOMPETENCY Interpret data and evidence scientificallyKNOWLEDGE SYSTEM Scientific ExplanationsCONTEXT GlobalCOGNITIVE DEMAND MediumITEM FORMAT Complex multiple-choice itemsPROFICIENCY LEVEL 4

QUESTION NO. 7.4FRAMEWORK CHARACTERISTICSCOMPETENCY Evaluate scientific arguments and evidence

from different sources KNOWLEDGE SYSTEM Epistemic knowledgeCONTEXT PersonalCOGNITIVE DEMAND LowITEM FORMAT open constructed PROFICIENCY LEVEL 2

QUESTION NO. 7.5FRAMEWORK CHARACTERISTICSCOMPETENCY Explain the phenomena scientificallyKNOWLEDGE SYSTEM Procedural knowledgeCONTEXT GlobalCOGNITIVE DEMAND HighITEM FORMAT Constructed- response items in scientific literacyPROFICIENCY LEVEL 4

Credit Pattern:Full Credit: 2Partial Credit:1Nil Credit:0

Description of Answer Key and Credits:

QUESTION NO 7 (TREATMENT OF ELECTRONIC WASTE)Question 7.1 Full credit: Gas stove/BurnerPartial Credit: NoneNo Credit: Other responses and missing

Question 7.2 Full credit: lead is the most widely used in electronic devices for various purposes, resulting in a variety of health hazards due to environmental contamination.Partial Credit: If can’t relate.No Credit: Other responses and missing

Question 7.3(Attitude)Full credit: strongly agree,stronglyagree,strongly agree,Partial Credit: any two correct answerNo Credit: Other responses and missing

Question 7.4 Full credit:Gujrat West Bengal,Tamilnadu ,Maharashtra, Partial Credit: given the answer but without logical explanationNo Credit: Other responses and missingQuestion 7.5 Full credit: Children's from poor families are often engaged in such works as heavy metals in electronic scraps are costly enough , but it can create permanent damage to them.Partial Credit: Answer without logical reasoningNo Credit: Other responses and missing

Name of Item writer: Mr. Niharendu SenPGT (Phy), K V Barrackpore (Army)Email id: niharendus@gmail.comPhone No. 9874918277

QUESTION NO 8 ( BIOMEDICAL WASTE MANAGEMENT -COVID WASTE)The waste products from the isolation wards, institutional quarantine centers, and

home quarantine are generating a huge amount of Bio-medical waste (BMW) worldwide since the outbreak of novel corona virus disease-2019 (COVID-19).

The personal protective equipment(PPE), testing kits, surgical face masks, and gloves are the major contributors to waste volume. Discharge of a new category of BMW (COVID-waste) is of great global concern to public health and environmental sustainability if handled inappropriately. It may cause exponential spreading of this fatal disease, which survives up to 7 days on COVID-waste (like used face-masks). Proper disposal of COVID- waste is therefore immediately requires to lower the threat of pandemic spread and the improper discharge of COVID-waste without disinfection treatment would expose common people and healthcare workers in danger of infection spread.There are mainly two types of alternative thermal technology available and in-practice to deal with COVID-waste, which are: (i) High-temperature pyrolysis technique- Wherein, the organic solid and liquid waste is vaporized at a temperature of ~600 °C under the air turbulence that leaves the residual ash, glass, and metallic fragments. In the second step of combustion, the flammable gaseous vapor is combusted in a chamber at a higher temperature ranges between 982 °C to 1093 °C to the complete destruction of toxic substances.

(ii) Medium-temperature microwave technique-This technique operates under the temperature range from 177 °C to 540 °C and by applying the high-energy microwaves for breaking down the organic matters.

Question 8.1 Which of the following comes under Biomedical wastei. Personal protective equipment s(PPE)ii. Empty sanitizer bottlesiii. Used Face Muskiv. (i) and (iii) of the above

Question 8.2

The waste products from the following places to be regularly collected and destroyed from Isolation wards in Hospital Yes/noInstitutional quarantine centers Yes/noHome quarantine Yes/no

Question 8.3 Name a wave which is used to inactivate the CORONA virus? What is the related temperature at which it can be used?_____________________________________________________________________

Question 8.4Arrange the following steps in order a) Kept in double layered plastic bagsb) Placed in yellow coloured covered dustbinsc) Used face masks to be cut in to two three pieces

Question 8.5High temperature method of complete destruction of Covid waste has one disadvantage over the other technique of medium temperature method, Explain.__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Template -8

Domain: Scientific Literacy Theme: Waste Water StoryCONCEPT- BIOMEDICAL WASTE MANAGEMENT -COVID WASTE

CLASS: VIIExpected time: 15minutesTotal Credit:10

Description of Item: Text Learning Outcome:i) Conducts simple investigations to seek answers to queries.j) Applies learning of scientific concepts in day-to-day life, k) Application of the idea to natural phenomena/ daily life

experiences

l) Identify the scientific components of many complex life situations

QUESTION NO. 8.1FRAMEWORK CHARACTERISTICSCOMPETENCY Explain the phenomena scientificallyKNOWLEDGE SYSTEM Content knowledgeCONTEXT PersonalCOGNITIVE DEMAND MediumITEM FORMAT Complex MCQPROFICIENCY LEVEL 2

QUESTION NO. 8.2FRAMEWORK CHARACTERISTICSCOMPETENCY Interpret data and evidence scientificallyKNOWLEDGE SYSTEM Content knowledgeCONTEXT PersonalCOGNITIVE DEMAND MediumITEM FORMAT Closed constructed binary choicePROFICIENCY LEVEL 3QUESTION NO. 8.3FRAMEWORK CHARACTERISTICSCOMPETENCY Interpret data and evidence scientificallyKNOWLEDGE SYSTEM Content knowledgeCONTEXT PersonalCOGNITIVE DEMAND LowITEM FORMAT Open constructed PROFICIENCY LEVEL 1

QUESTION NO. 8.4FRAMEWORK CHARACTERISTICSCOMPETENCY Evaluate and Design scientific enquiryKNOWLEDGE SYSTEM Epistemic knowledgeCONTEXT PersonalCOGNITIVE DEMAND LowITEM FORMAT open constructed PROFICIENCY LEVEL 2

QUESTION NO. 8.5FRAMEWORK CHARACTERISTICSCOMPETENCY Explain the phenomena scientificallyKNOWLEDGE SYSTEM Procedural knowledgeCONTEXT GlobalCOGNITIVE DEMAND HighITEM FORMAT Open constructed

PROFICIENCY LEVEL 4

Credit Pattern:Full Credit: 2Partial Credit:1Nil Credit:0

Description of Answer Key and Credits:QUESTION NO 8 (BIOMEDICAL WASTE MANAGEMENT -COVID WASTE)Question 8.1 Full credit: (i) and (iii) of the above

Partial Credit: Any of the (I) or (iii) No Credit: Other responses and missing

Question 8.2 Full credit: for all cases yesPartial Credit: any two correct No Credit: Other responses and missing

Question 8.3 Full credit: Microwave, under the temperature range from 177 °C to 540 °CPartial Credit: Microwave without mentioning temperatureCredit: Other responses and missing

Question 8.4Full credit: C A BNo Credit: Other responses and missing

Question 8.5Full credit: Medium temperature Microwave technique keep some of the materials reusable whether in high temperature method total destruction occurs.

Partial Credit: any other explanationNo Credit: Other responses and missing

Name of Item writer: Mr. Niharendu SenPGT (Phy), K V Barrackpore (Army)Email id: niharendus@gmail.comPhone No. 9874918277

QUESTION NO 9 (SWACHH BHARAT ABHIYAN)

Swachh Bharat Abhiyan (SBA) or Clean India Mission is a country-wide campaign initiated by the Government of India in 2014 to eliminate open defecation and improve solid waste management (SWM).Initiated by the Government of India, the mission aimed to achieve an "open-defecation free" (ODF) India by 2 October 2019, the 150th anniversary of the birth of Mahatma Gandhi.The objectives of the first phase of the mission also included eradication of manual scavenging, generating awareness and bringing about a behavior change regarding sanitation practices, and augmentation of capacity at the local level.The second phase of the mission aims to sustain the open defecation free status and improve the management of solid and liquid waste. constructing 90 million toilets in rural India at a projected cost of ₹1.96 lakh crore. KVS has organized various cleaning drive at different occasions to be a part of the mission.

Question 9.1Untreated human excreta is a health hazard. It may cause I. Ground water pollutionII. Surface water pollutionIII. Soil PollutionIV. All of the aboveV.Question 9.2A very large fraction of our people defecates in the open, on dry riverbeds, on railway tracks, near fields and many a time directly in water. Thus, it becomes the most common route for water borne diseases. They include

Cholera Yes/NoTyphoid Yes/NoDengue fever Yes/No

Question 9.3The “bio-toilet project” of Indian Railways is first of its kind, for on-board accelerated digestion of human waste. The bio-toilets in trains are installed underneath the lavatories and the human waste discharged into them is then acted upon by a colony of anaerobic bacteria.How it will help the cleaning and maintenance staff of the railways?

Question 9.4In on-site human waste disposal toilets, Excreta from the toilet seats flow through covered drains into a biogas plant. The biogas produced is used as a source of energy.The solid part dried later on.Explain how the solid part is useful to the farmers.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Question 9.5Explain why used cooking oil, ghee, butter should not be flown through the sinks or toilet seats directly.__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Template -9

Domain: Scientific Literacy Theme: Waste Water StoryCONCEPT- SWACHH BHARAT ABHIYAN

CLASS: VIIExpected time: 15minutesTotal Credit:10

Description of Item: Text& Image

Learning Outcome:m) Conducts simple investigations to seek answers to queries.n) Applies learning of scientific concepts in day-to-day life, o) Application of the idea to natural phenomena/ daily life

experiences.p) Identify the scientific components of many complex life

situations

QUESTION NO. 9.1FRAMEWORK CHARACTERISTICSCOMPETENCY Explain the phenomena scientificallyKNOWLEDGE SYSTEM Content knowledgeCONTEXT GlobalCOGNITIVE DEMAND MediumITEM FORMAT MCQPROFICIENCY LEVEL 2

QUESTION NO. 9.2FRAMEWORK CHARACTERISTICSCOMPETENCY Interpret data and evidence scientificallyKNOWLEDGE SYSTEM Content knowledgeCONTEXT PersonalCOGNITIVE DEMAND MediumITEM FORMAT Closed constructed binary choicePROFICIENCY LEVEL 2

QUESTION NO. 9.3FRAMEWORK CHARACTERISTICSCOMPETENCY Interpret data and evidence scientificallyKNOWLEDGE SYSTEM Content knowledgeCONTEXT PersonalCOGNITIVE DEMAND HighITEM FORMAT Open constructed PROFICIENCY LEVEL 4

QUESTION NO. 9.4FRAMEWORK CHARACTERISTICSCOMPETENCY Evaluate and Design scientific enquiryKNOWLEDGE SYSTEM Epistemic knowledgeCONTEXT PersonalCOGNITIVE DEMAND MediumITEM FORMAT open constructed PROFICIENCY LEVEL 3QUESTION NO. 9.5FRAMEWORK CHARACTERISTICSCOMPETENCY Explain the phenomena scientificallyKNOWLEDGE SYSTEM Procedural knowledgeCONTEXT GlobalCOGNITIVE DEMAND HighITEM FORMAT Open constructed PROFICIENCY LEVEL 4

Credit Pattern:Full Credit: 2Partial Credit:1Nil Credit:0

Description of Answer Key and Credits:QUESTION NO 9 (SWACHH BHARAT ABHIYAN)

Question 9.1Full credit:All of the abovePartial Credit:Any two correct explanationNo Credit: Other responses and missing

Question 9.2Full credit: Yes,Yes,NoPartial Credit:Any two correct explanationNo Credit: Other responses and missing

Question 9.3Full credit: The residues of the toilets fixed in the trains are mostly cleaned in the BIO toilets , which helps the cleaning and maintenance staffs of the railway track to work in a hygienic environment.

Partial Credit: any other explanationNo Credit: Other responses and missing

Question 9.4Full credit: Solid part dried up can be a source of manure for the growth of the plants.Partial Credit: any other explanationNo Credit: Other responses and missing.

Question 9.5

Full credit: Cooking oil and fats should not be thrown down the drain. They can harden and block the pipes at low temperatures or at night. In an open drain the fats clog the soil pores reducing its effectiveness in filtering water. Throw oil and fats in the dustbin.

Partial Credit: Any other explanation

No Credit: Other responses and missingName of Item writer: Mr. Niharendu SenPGT (Phy), K V Barrackpore (Army)Email id: niharendus@gmail.comPhone No. 9874918277

QUESTION NO 10 (EAST KOLKATA WETLANDS- RAMSAR SITE )

Kolkata , one of the metro cities of the country is an example of how natural wetlands are being utilized in developing countries. Using the purification capacity of wetlands, Kolkata has pioneered a system of sewage disposal.East Calcutta Wetlands to be designated a "wetland of international importance" under the Ramsar Convention,It daily transforms one-third of the city's sewage and most of its domestic waste water flown to the low-lying wetland through different canals, where the water stay for few days and naturally purified into a rich harvest of fish and fresh vegetables.There are about 100 plant species, which have been recorded here in and around the East Calcutta Wetlands. Several kinds of water hyacinths grow across these wetlands. Local farmers and fisher folk use water hyacinth to create a buffer between land and water to minimize erosion. Many varieties of vegetables are farmed here, including cauliflower, eggplant, pumpkin, sunflower and sacred basil. Tracts of land are dedicated to paddy cultivation as well.Numerous species of fish are farmed in the sewage fed ponds called Bheri’s.

Question 10.1What is the importance of wetlands to our environmenta) It provides enormous oxygenb) It cleans the waste water naturallyc) It generates employment to the surrounding populationd) All of the above

Question 10.2East Kolkata Wetlands, popularly known as the “kidney” of the city, cover 12,500 hectares of natural and manmade wetlands situated in the eastern fringes of the city of Kolkata, Explain why it is termed as KIDNEY____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Question 10.3Tick up the correct option

Strongly agree Agree Disagree Strongly disagree

Wetlands around a city Is a natural habitat of migratory birds,Sometimes people stay in nearby areas suffer Mosquito related health hazards.

Question 10.4How such wetlands are sometimes useful during the sudden heavy rainfall in the city to control the flood ?_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Question 10.5The wetlands around the city is slowly shrinking due to the following reasonsa) Development of concrete structures in surrounding areas.b) Wetlands slowly filling up due to the flowing solid waste over the timeHow it will affect ecological balance of the environment of the city?____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Template -10

Domain: Scientific Literacy Theme: Waste Water StoryCONCEPT- EAST KOLKATA

CLASS: VIIExpected time: 15minutes

WETLANDS- RAMSAR SITE Total Credit:10

Description of Item: Text& Image

Learning Outcome:a. Analyze and interpret data and draw appropriate conclusionsb. Identify the assumptions, evidence and reasoning in science

related textsc. Distinguish between arguments which are based on scientific

evidence and theory and those based on other considerations

QUESTION NO. 10.1FRAMEWORK CHARACTERISTICSCOMPETENCY Explain the phenomena scientificallyKNOWLEDGE SYSTEM Content knowledgeCONTEXT PersonalCOGNITIVE DEMAND MediumITEM FORMAT MCQPROFICIENCY LEVEL 3

QUESTION NO. 10.2FRAMEWORK CHARACTERISTICSCOMPETENCY Interpret data and evidence scientificallyKNOWLEDGE SYSTEM Content knowledgeCONTEXT PersonalCOGNITIVE DEMAND LowITEM FORMAT Open constructed PROFICIENCY LEVEL 3

QUESTION NO. 10.3FRAMEWORK CHARACTERISTICSCOMPETENCY Interpret data and evidence scientificallyKNOWLEDGE SYSTEM Content knowledgeCONTEXT PersonalCOGNITIVE DEMAND MediumITEM FORMAT Closed constructed PROFICIENCY LEVEL 4

QUESTION NO. 10.4FRAMEWORK CHARACTERISTICSCOMPETENCY Evaluate and Design scientific enquiryKNOWLEDGE SYSTEM Epistemic knowledgeCONTEXT PersonalCOGNITIVE DEMAND HighITEM FORMAT open constructed PROFICIENCY LEVEL 4

QUESTION NO. 10.5FRAMEWORK CHARACTERISTICSCOMPETENCY Explain the phenomena scientificallyKNOWLEDGE SYSTEM Procedural knowledgeCONTEXT GlobalCOGNITIVE DEMAND HighITEM FORMAT Open constructed PROFICIENCY LEVEL 4

Credit Pattern:Full Credit: 2Partial Credit:1Nil Credit:0

Description of Answer Key and Credits:QUESTION NO 10 (EAST KOLKATA WETLANDS- RAMSAR SITE)

Question 10.1Full credit: All of the aboveNo Credit: Other responses and missingQuestion 10.2Full credit: As kidney purifies human blood , wetland purifies water sources of a cityPartial Credit: any other explanationNo Credit: Other responses and missingQuestion 10.3Full credit: Strongly agree, AgreePartial Credit: One correct answerNo Credit: Other responses and missing

Question 10.4Full credit: Excess water during sudden heavy rainfall moves to the wetland and infiltrate to increase the level of ground waterPartial Credit: any other explanationNo Credit: Other responses and missing

Question 10.5Full credit: I. It increases oxygen level in the atmosphereII. It controls the flood III. Provide employmentIV. Source of fish and vegetables.

Partial Credit: any two explanationNo Credit: Other responses and missing

Name of Item writer: Mr. Niharendu SenPGT (Phy), K V Barrackpore (Army)

Email id:niharendus@gmail.comPhone No. 9748918277