1.What does the term "ethics" mean in ancient Greek:+A. Love of WisdomB. House, cohabitationС. existence

2. Who is the first to interpret the term "ethics" as moral:A. AristotleB. Plato+С. CiceroD. Epicurus

3. What is the name of the term "ethics" in the New European language:A. HumanismB. Love+C. morality

4. Is ethics now an independent area of expertise:+ A. YesB. No

5. The subject of what field of knowledge is morality:A. PhysiologyB. StoriesC. ChemistryD. Sociology+E. Ethics

6. Through morality the degree of human in human is realized:+ A. YesB. No

7. What is considered a criterion of morality:A. Material well-beingB. intelligence+C. ActionD. Democratic Society

8. For the first time, ethics was developed as an area of knowledge with its own subject matter and its own specifics by:A. Socrates+B. AristotleC. Thomas AquinasD.I. Kant

9. The problem of nature and the essence of evil is object:A. ethnographyB. Geometry+C. EthicsD. histology

10.The form of social regulation of medical activities does not apply:

A. Ethics+B. etiquetteC. ScienceD. religionE. morality

11. The problem of the ratio of "due" to "existence" is fundamental to science:+A. EthicsB. MathematicsC. Psychology

12. In the modern field of knowledge, ethics continues to be a doctrine of morality?A. No.+ B. Yes

13. Who of the well-known thinkers argued that morality should be at the heart of culture:A. EpicurusB. A. EinsteinC. M. LomonosovD. F. Nietzsche+E. A. Schweitzer

14. Which categories do not fall into ethical knowledge:A. FreedomB. HappinessC. love+D. productive forces

15. What contributes to a person's spiritual growth:A. rigid rationalismB. absolute technicismC. cynicismD. hate+E. Moral values

16. Can scientific and technological progress automatically lead to moral progress?a) Yes+b) No

17. "The Meaning of Life," "Conscience," "Honor and Dignity" are categories:A. BiophysicsB. histologyC. OncologyD. Nuclear Physics+E. Ethics

18. The correct definition of justice includes:A. Justice is equalityB. justice is the retribution of the "best" to the "best"C. justice is the love of one's neighborD. justice is situational benefit, action, result

E. Justice is the principle governing human relationships

19. Happiness is characterized by:+A. DynamicsB. PermanenceC. Lack of life difficultiesD. minimum problems

20. What is the most difficult in the ratio of "good" and "evil":А. their valuesB. their role in formation of moral consciousness+C. Criteria for their differences

21. In medicine, "good" is:A. serving profession

B. constant struggle for the lives of their patients C. attention to the patient and care for him +E. all together

22. The idea of justice in medicine is realized as:A. gratuitous assistance to a sick person

+B. equally high level of medical care for all people C. mercy of doctors D. high remuneration of medical workers

23. Throughout the history of mankind, morality:+A. changedB. remained unchangedC. It didn't matter

24. In the sections of philosophical knowledge, ethics is:A. ontologyB. epistemologyC. dialectics+D. practical philosophy

25. Medical knowledge takes aim at the principles:A. Respect for the human personB. Charity and MercyC. justiceD. Responsibility+E. all of the above

26.The essence of morality is revealed through:A. The pursuit of personal freedomB. individual well-being+С. the pursuit of one's own good while realizing responsibility to othersD. Achieving maximum benefit for yourself

27. The conflict between "fathers" and "children" can be attributed to ethical knowledge problems?+A. No.

B. Yes

28. What can lead to immorality:A. passion of the subjectB. degradation of the mindC. indifferenceD. Double Morality+E. All taken together

29. Morality is part of a holistic view of modern man and society?A. YesB. No+C. The question remains open

30. Processes of humanism and anti-humanism in modern world civilization:A. EquivalentB. seek to exclude each otherC. are subject of choice of humanity+D. These processes are not absolute

31. Establish the right alignment between the field of knowledge and the categories it operates: 1). Philosophy 2). Medicine 3). Ethics 4). Aesthetics +3. good and evil+2. norm and pathology+1. materialism and idealism+4. beautiful and ugly

32. The concept of ethical knowledge, which defines one of the ways to regulate the behavior of people in society through a system of norms, rules, principles that build a person-person relationship in all spheres of life (production, life, family, interpersonal relationships, etc.) There's a ###+Morality

33. According to ethical ontocentrism, human behavior and actions are defined by:A. the interests of the social groupB. material needs of man+С. moral duty+В. by professional circumstances

The moral ideal is:+A. an image of excellence and the highest goodB. Wise ManB. leader of the Duma factionC. a sample of professional skills

The concept of "Good" does not apply to:A. Individual HealthB. Something that confronts evil+C. unattainable idealD. property and wealthD. absolute will

36. The concept of "honour" does not apply:A. following this word+B. Physiological and Mental Features of a PersonC. Not being involved in sinD. inner nobilityE. reasonableness

37. The notion of human "dignity" excludes:A. Public recognition and popularity+B. Health+C. economic and financial successD. critical self-esteem;

38. Denial of recognition of higher moral values is ####+Nihilism 39. The concept of "evil" does not apply to:A. DeathB. crime and lawlessnessC. that can be profitable and beneficial+D. Intelligent FunctionE. what always leads to unhappiness and distress

40. Determine the relationship between good and evil:A. Evil is self-sufficientB. good exists independently and separately from evilC. Good and evil are the same thing+D. good and evil are opposed

41. Through the concept of ### is defined by the moral self-control of the person and the focus on due.+Conscience

42. Freedom is:A. The law of public lifeB. by the law of nature+C. Conscious opportunity and ability to moral excellenceD. denial of all moral values

43. Selfless activities can be taken as a charity, through which private resources are voluntarily distributed to their owners in order to help those in need:+ A. YesB. No

44. The concept of "mercy" includes everything but:A. CondescensionB. Willingness to help someone who needs itC. sense of compassion+D. readiness to fulfill any request for any person

45. The principle ### means recognizing a person with the highest value, believing in a person, his ability to improve, and demanding freedom and protecting the dignity of the individual.+Humanism

46. "In addition to books for good management of human behavior, extensive knowledge of the practical life of man is required" argued the Russian physiologist of the second half of the 19th and early 20th century ###.+Mechnikov

47.The advice that a father can give to his son for a successful resolution of the moral conflict between them:A. Acquire KnowledgeB. to develop basic human virtuesC. To build the ability of critical attitude to the world around youD. ability to think independently+E. All options are true

48.What characterizes the moral culture of the individual:A. the embodiment in practice of the principles of humanism, diligence, reasonable selfishness, justiceB. State of moral self-regulationC. The development of moral consciousness and worldview+D. All together

49. What unites medicine and ethics:A. Focusing on achieving a person's financial well-beingB. Research methods+C. human as a subject and object of studyD. The desire to know the mechanisms of human behavior and its management

50. For the first time, justice was divided into equalization (fairness of equality) and the distribution (fairness of proportionality) by the philosopher of the Antiquity ###.+Aristotle

51. As an independent area of knowledge of ethics relates to:A. Social Philosophy+B. philosophy of behavior and lifestyleC. Nature Philosophy

52. "Friendship, which is for the sake of self-interest and looks at what can be guessed, is not a friendship, but a bargain" argues the Roman writer, poet, philosopher of the 1st century ###.+Seneca

53. ### is a category of ethics that characterizes a person in terms of fulfilling moral requirements.+Responsibility

54. Which ethical category reflects a person's desire for such a life structure, so that it will bring him the greatest satisfaction:

A. Moral ideal+B. happinessC. debtD. Justice

55. What is the difference between moral and juridical regulation in medical activitie:+A. Encouragement or censure from othersB. criminal punishmentV. strict subordination

56. In today's society, morality continues to perform its basic functions (regulatory, educational, motivational, cognitive)?A. No.+ B. YesC. Just a few of them

57.Perspectives of moral relations and law:A. have nothing to do+B. To be in constant interactionc. Morality absolutely dominates the rightD. right absolutely dominates the right

58. Is it obliged by the State to contribute to the creation of the conditions necessary for the formation of at least a minimum of morality?+ A. YesB. No

59. Establish the correct alignment between the names of philosophers and their statements about the nature of morality:1). St. Augustin. 2). Hegel. 3). Darwin. 4). K. Marx. + 1. God+ 4. public being+ 3. nature+2. objective spirit

60. What is moral activity?+A. Actions that are consciously subject to certain moral valuesB. Actions aimed at boosting personality self-esteemC. Actions aimed at positive assessment by othersD. Acts motivated by personal interest

61. According to ancient thinkers, ### plucked man from the wild nature.+Morality

62. Antonym of the concept of selfishness:A. Generosity+B. altruismC. MercyD. benevolence

63. The individual's moral independence is defined by:

A. level of educationB. social environmentC. orientation to public opinion+D. presence of beliefs

One form of justice:A. PerfectB. equalization+C. humanistD. predictive

65. What is in its sense the opposite of the idea of virtue:+A. ViceB. ReputationC. HonorD. Nobility

66. The moral-positive balance of goals and means is:+A in achieving their unityB. in the championship of funds over goalsC. in allowing any means leading to the goalD. in mutual independence of goals and means

67. Morality as a social regulator characterizes:+A. the universality of her demandsB. Enforcement of her demandsC. Selectivity of action according to her requirementsD. arbitrariness of her demands

68. The development of the individual's moral self-consciousness appeals to him:A. NeedsB. moral duties+C. Moral DutyD. interests

69. The principle of life and the behavior of man, which are determined entirely only by the thought of oneself, of his own benefit, the benefit is ###.+Selfishness

70. Public morality is based on interests of:A. StatesB. NationC. a separate group of people+D. humanity

71. The concept expressing the notion of higher justice is:A. norm+B. idealC. assessmentD. sanction

72. According to Aristotle, the purpose of ethics is to teach a person to be virtuous, which means:A. To be guided by selfless motivesB. to be able to limit their selfish needsC. to direct your activities to the public good+D. All taken together

73. A well-publicized characteristic that denotes sustainable personality positive qualities:+A. VirtueB. moral propertiesC. persuasionD. Moral Consciousness

74. Morality requires that a person refrain from committing evil:A. For practical reasonsB. by virtue of habit+C. on the beliefD. for fear of punishment

75. The golden rule of morality is:A. Be friendly to everyone and always+B. Do what you want them to do to you.C. Don't perjureD. Be true to yourself

76. Which of these functions is not a function of morality?A. RegulatoryB. value-orientationC. Socializing+D. law-regulating

77. Can categories such as talent, grief, business as essential in the field of ethical knowledge?A. Yes+B. No

78. Choose the wrong judgment:+A. Mores may not match moralityB. morality and mores arose at the same timeC. mores appeared later than moralityD. mores always correspond to morality

79. Morality refers to forms of public consciousness?A. No.+ B. Yes

80. Philosopher-rhetor of ancient Rome ### gives the following definition of justice: "do not harm anyone and benefit society"+Cicero

81. Moral blindness occurs when:A. The difference between perfection and primitiveness disappears

B. beautiful is replaced by uglyC. Eternally Valuable is ignored by the momentaryD. instead of happiness is honored comfort+E. All taken together

82. What does at least less harm to modern society:A. passivityB. irresponsibility in actionsC. illiteracy in decisions+D. the deliberate creation of evil

83. The ideologues of the era ### believed that with the development of science, people would become more humane+Enlightenment

84. Human development requires an understanding of good:A. without taking into account a particular era+B. in relation to the realities of lifeC. as its irrelevance

85. Can ethical problems (the criterion of good and evil, moral conflicts, personal freedom in the world of universal determinism) be attributed to eternal problems?+ A. YesB. No

86. The spiritual transformation of man, according to N.K. Roerich, is carried out:A. Only aloneB. through rejection of society's values+C. In collaboration with the space hierarchy

87. Moral standards are met by:A. authority and the power of public opinionB. awareness by the subject of the distinction of the worthy from the unworthyC. By distinguishing between virtue and greed+D. All options are correct

88. What is not related to the concept of good:A. Meeting the material and spiritual needs of peopleB. Opportunity to achieve certain goals+C. cynicismD. Education

89. The principle of "respect for the rights and dignity of the human person" relates to the moral sphere:A. No.+ B. Yes

90. In which country the "golden rule of morality" has passed into the proverb: "what in others do not love, do not do yourself":A. EnglandB. CanadaC. France

D. Italy+E. Russia

91. A virtuous man does not recognize:A. Moral Principles and RequirementsB. Creation of GoodC. bravery and courageD. inconsistency of words and deeds+E. worthlessness of moral values

92. Scale of values in today's global community:+A. is quite diverseB. one-directionC. has too narrow boundaries

93. To be morally free is to follow:A. fatalismB. anarchismC. formalism+D. in the direction of good

94. What explains the diversity of views on morality (choose two options):+A. Complexity of the object itself (morality)+B. by the diversity of philosophical teachingsC. Non-recognition of the moral values themselvesD. attitude to morality as a simple formality

95. What path should be avoided in the process of moral education:A. Forming an active life positionB. Overcoming Double Morality+C. moral relativism and cynicismD. incorporation of the individual to vital universal human values

96. Moral behavior does not have:+A. an absolute one-way vectorB. DiversityC. introduction to changes in the spiritual sphere

97. In the course of history, moral progress has come to two extremes. One argued the specificity of morality and its incomparability with other moral views. This extreme has been called q. The other extreme elevated one or another morality to the rank of eternal, the only one. This extreme has been called ###.+relativism+absolutism

98. Morality becomes an effective basis for practical human behavior when it is refracted through:A. professional activityB. social statuses and rolesC. NationalityD. Psychological Motives+E. All taken together

99. For modern civilization, the most dangerous is:+A. The choice of extreme positions leading either vertically to the highest values or horizontally leading to everyday lifeB. Maintaining the juxtaposition of good and evilC. Identity

100. For modern humanity, has the need to include health in the moral scale of values?A. No.+ B. Yes

101. The basic moral principle non-action formulated by the Chinese sage Lao Tzu means:+A. It's an act without a fight.B. is passivityC. is a departure from the worldD. is sons of respect

102. Thinker who stood at the origins of ethical thought:+А. AristotleB. I. RantC. L. N. TolstoyD. Hegel

103. The authorship of the formula "end justifies the remedy" is attributed to the+A. N. MachiavelliB. SenecaC. ConfuciusD. Marx

104.The idea of a categorical imperative was formulated by: +A. I. Kant B. K. Marx C. V. I. Lenin D. F. Nietzsche

105. The thinker who justified the nihilistic attitude to morality: +A. F. Nietzsche B. Platon C. SenecaD. Marcus Aurelius

106. The main ideas of Confucian ethics include: +A. honoring the older ones by the younger ones B. moral independence C. human rights." D. immoralism

107. The division of morals and ethics indicated: +A. G. F. Hegel B. Erasmus Of Rotterdam C. Plato D. Aristotle

108. Which concept does not belong to the main Confucian principles and concepts: +A. progress B. ritual C. humanity D. Noble man

109. What statement does not apply to the four noble truths of Buddhism: +A. Suffering is the punishment for sins B. Life is suffering C. the cause of suffering is our desires D. the Doctrine of Nirvana

110. Which of the following concepts is present only in Buddhism: +A. Nirvana B. Samsara C. Karma D. Reincarnation

111. Karma in the Indian tradition is:+A. the Law of retributionB. the Fate of manC. Punishment for sinsD. Predestination of life

112. The basic moral principle of the old Testament Bible:+A. justiceB. loveC. victimD. Honoring parents

113. the Basic moral principle of the new Testament Bible:+A. loveB. justiceC. loyaltyD. fidelity

114. To which of the old Testament prophets does God hand the tablets with the commandments:+A. MosesB. AbrahamC. IsaakD. John the Baptist

115. Ancient ethics is ethics of...+A. virtuesB. freedomC. loveD. debt

116. the" Ethics of duty " can be called the ancient ethics of+A. stoicism

B. EpicureanismC. skepticismD. hedonism

117. Specify one or more correct answers: The meaning of such a moral principle as hedonism is:A. in self-denial, renunciation of worldly goods;+B. in the relativity of moral categories;+C. in receiving pleasure and avoiding suffering.

118. the Main virtue in the Middle ages was:A. happiness;+B. love of God;C. unselfishness

119. The theory and practice of the Inquisition in the middle ages were based on ethical views of:+A. Thomas Aquinas;B. St. Augustin;C. Pierre Abelard.

120. Before the thinkers of modern time in terms of developing ethical knowledge was a challenge:+A. subject morality to serious scientific analysis;B. support the Church's views on morality and morality;C. to search for new virtues.

121. The teachings of positivism and pragmatism represented the ethical direction in the XX century:+A. scientific and rationalistic;B. irrationalistic;C. religious.

122. The founder of psychoanalytic ethics was:A. I. Kant;+B. Z. Freud;C. J. Dewey.

123. According to Eastern wisdom, the deep inner world of a person, which cannot be expressed in words – is+A. conscienceB. wineC. feelings

124. What is the peculiarity of the principle of immoralism?+A. equalization of good and evil in their meaning for manB. moral requirements are absoluteC. good is the opposite of evilD. moral requirements do not contradict the nature of things.

125. The concept of "good will" as a specific feature of morality justified by Kant means:+A. this is pure will, free from considerations of profit, self-interest

B. the presence of a selfish motiveC. the presence of motivated interest

126. Which of the following theses does not apply to the ethics of Socrates:A. good is identical with pleasure, happiness;B. virtue is identical with knowledge.C. a person only knows that he knows nothing.+D. the moral nature of man is originally predestined

127. Nietzsche as a moral nihilist denies-+A. morals of slavesB. morals of the mastersC. morals of the chosenD. the morality of the Superman

128. The Golden rule of morality as the most important moral truth has been formulated+A. almost simultaneously in different culturesB. in Ancient IndiaC. in Ancient GreeceD. in Ancient China

129. The concept of "Jen" - the human principle in a person, which is also his duty formulated in ancient Eastern philosophy:+A. ConfuciusB. Lao-TzuC. The BuddhaD. Mahavira

130. The ethical concept of this ancient Greek philosopher influenced the Christian religious and ethical concept that later emerged:+A. PlatoB. AristotleC. DemocritusD. Heraclitus

131. Aristotle's" Ethics ... " is based on three main doctrines, with the exception of+ A. doctrines about the religious and mystical setting of ethical goalsB. teachings about the goodC. doctrines of the virtuesD. the teachings of free will

132. Which of the ancient philosophers asserts that virtue is an acquired, and not an innate quality of the soul.+A. AristotleB. PlatoC. DemocritusD. Anaximenes

133. The ethical principle based on absolute submission to fate is linked to the teaching of+A. Ethics of the StoicsB. Aristotle's EthicsC. Ethics of Lucretia Cara

D. Ethics of Epicurus

134. A. Schweitzer, the author of the concept of Ethics of reverence for life, believed that ethics in the practical version can only be realized in individual choice, so it is+A. Personal ethicsB. Ethics of societyC. Ethics of the state

135.Which definition does not apply to the concept of morality?A. morality is the pursuit of perfectionB. morality is not subject to the principle of utilityC. morality is not subject to the law of causation+ D. morality is the sphere of actions related to personal benefit.

136. Highlight questions related to morality, or "eternal questions of morality":+A. "why?"B. " why?"C. " what?"+D. " how?"137. O. Comte enriched ethics with the concept of+A. altruismB. selfishnessC. self-absorptionD. humanism

138. According to E. Fromm, two incompatible principles coexist in modern morality: "Don't be selfish", "Do what is useful to you", which generate a feeling in a personA. helplessnessB. confusionC. confusion+D. all options are correct

139. The point of view that a person should follow the path indicated to him by fate, and "if, submitting to evil, my will revolts, I must still follow it" belongs to+A. stoicsB. cynicsC. skepticsD. Epicureans

140. The sceptics, like the Epicureans and Stoics, saw the source of morality in+A. self-awareness of the individualB. educationC. experienceD. nature

141. The main problem of the ethics of the Stoics, skeptics and Epicureans were destiny and happiness:+A. individualB. companiesC. humanityD. policy

142. The basis of skeptics ' ethics is+A. doubtB. faithC. loveD. humility

143. in Ancient Greece, the idea of virtue was associated primarily with such moral qualities as:A. courage;B. moderation;C. fairness;+D. all of the above.

144. Direction in the history of ancient ethics of the Hellenistic period, as well as the moral principle; a kind of hedonism - ###+epicureanism

145. Confucius's normative program can be briefly defined as ethics of+ A. ritual;B. love;C. debt;D. life.

146. Rituals are:+A. rules of behavior of people when performing rituals and forms of activity;B. common and repetitive forms of human behavior that serve as a means of transmitting social and cultural experience from generation to generation;C. rules of conduct that are established and protected by the state;D. the most generalized and stable rules of behavior of people in a particular society, which have been verified over time and have long existed.

147. Traditions are:A. rules of conduct that are established and protected by the state;B. they are rules of conduct that are established by public organizations themselves and are protected by measures of public influence provided for by the charters of these organizations;C. spiritual and moral rules of human community based on people's idea of God as the Creator of the universe;+D. the most generalized and stable rules of behavior of people in a particular society, which have been verified over time and have long existed.

148. Religion is:+A. spiritual and moral rules of human community based on people's idea of God as the Creator of the universe;B. transfer of social and cultural experience from generation to generation;C. rules of behavior of people when performing rituals and forms of activity;D. the most generalized and stable rules of behavior of people in a particular society, which have been verified over time and have long existed.

150. In the history of the development of ethics as a science can be highlighted:A. 3 stages: ancient ethics, medieval ethics, modern ethics.B. 2 stages: ancient ethics, modern ethics.C. 5 stages: pre-ethics, ancient ethics, medieval ethics, ethics of the New Age, modern ethics.D. 4 stages: ancient ethics, medieval ethics, ethics of the New Age, modern ethics.

150. Domostroy is monument of ethical thought of:A. Ancient Greece;B. India;+C. Russia;D. France

151. "Love your neighbor" - a moral norm of ethics:a) antique;b) Confucian;+C) Christian;d) Buddhist.

152. Ethical utilitarianism is ethics of:a) feudal economic relations;b) slave market relations;+C) bourgeois market relations;d) socialist.

153. Eudemonism is a philosophical and ethical tradition and life attitude, according to which the only or highest (more preferable than all others) human good is:a) debt;b) beauty;+c) happiness;d) love.

154. Hedonism is a type of ethical teachings and moral views in which all moral definitions are derived from:a) asceticism;+b) enjoyment;C) patriotism;d) debt.

155. Asceticism is:+a) rejection of sensual and physical pleasures;b) sadness;C) entertainment;d) teaching.

156. the "Categorical imperative" is found in the teaching:a) Marx;b) Hegel;+C) Kant.d) Feuerbach

157. The Religious principle prevailed in ethics of era of:a) antiquity;b) Modernity;+c) Middle ages;d) Renaissance.

158. Rationalism is a distinctive feature of ethics:

+a) Protestantism.b) paganism;C) Orthodoxy;d) Catholicism.

159. Etiquette is:a) religious teaching;b) a monument to ancient ethical thought;+C) a set of rules and norms of behavior that regulate the external manifestations of human behavior;d) a set of rules used for self-presentation.

160. Ethics to "practical philosophy" included:+a) Aristotle.b) Hegel;C) Marx;d) Kant.

161. "Teach a person to be happy" is the point of view of:a) reasonable selfishness;b) hedonism;+C) eudemonism;d) Epicureanism.

162.” Man must be free " believes ethics:a) ethical utilitarianism;+b) existentialism;C) neo-Thomism;d) pragmatism.

163. According to existentialism, slavery is:+a) a certain state of human consciousness;b) necessity of a special kind;C) social reality;d) the quality given from birth.

164. Nietzsche understands slave consciousness as:+a) dependent, subordinate to duty, morality;B) free from all social ties;C) Patriarchal consciousness;D) dependent on science and education.

165. Nietzsche's" Philosophy of life " forms the following attitude to Christianity:+ A. Christianity destroys the instinct of life, asserts the fear of beauty and sensuality;B. Christianity generates a consciousness of freedomC. Christianity provides answers to complex moral questionsD. Christianity professes the value of human life

166. The Principle of perfection in the form of "Perfection is a person's knowledge of their own imperfection" was formulated

+A. AugustineB. SocratesC. AristotleD. T. Aquinas

167. In V. Solovyov's philosophy, the relationship between ethics and religion is expressed as follows:+ A. Ethics is Autonomous and independent of religious metaphysics;B. Ethics depends on religious metaphysics;C. ethics cannot be completely separated from religion;D. religion is the Foundation of morality.

168. Correlation of morality and law in V. Solovyov's philosophy:+A. the requirements of morality are not limited, while the requirements of law are limited;B. law and morality are equal;C. there is a contradiction between morality and law;D. law is higher than morality.

169. "During these long wanderings in the desert # # # leads his people, instructing and protecting them, ... teaching them to morality, legal and ritual discipline."+Moses

170. Ethical problems characteristic of Russian philosophy as opposed to Western philosophy+A. life meaning, personal problems, the relationship between man and God, morality and religionB. morality is an objective law that a person must understand and assimilateC. the problem of constructing the theory of morality as a system of norms, rules and principlesD. the problem of systematization of ethical norms.

171. The ten commandments of Moses are the basis of the ethics of three religions:+A. Of Judaism;+B. Of Christianity;+C. Of Islam;D. Buddhism.

172. According to Confucianism, the ideal model of the state is;+A. Family;B. Team;C. Community;D. The Church.

173. The ethical teaching created by the Russian writer L. Tolstoy is called:+A. "Ethics of non-resistance to evil by violence"B. Ethics of charity;C. ethics of forgiveness;D. Ethics of love.

174. "Achieving maximum happiness for the greatest number of people” – principle of: + A. UtilitarianismB. HedonismC. EpicureanismD. Stoicism

175. "To act morally, one must proceed from one's own egoistic interests, but only at the same time one should understand these interests intelligently" - the principle:+A. Rational self-interest;B. Utilitarianism;C. Epicureanism;D. pragmatism.

176. "Ethics written in geometric order". ###+Spinoza

177. "I am the life that wants to live, I am the life in the midst of the life that wants to live" – principle of:+A. Vital ethicsB. Ethics of lifeC. pragmatismD. utilitarianism

178. "Living ethics", created by N. K. Roerich, was based on the following ideas:+A. Of Buddhism;B. Brahmanism;C. Confucianist;D. Of Christianity.

179. "Nikomachean ethics" is a work written by:+A. AristotleB. PlatoC. SenecaD. Cicerone

180. "Nothing is so cheap and not as expensive as politeness," he said. +А. CervantesB. ShakespeareC. Dante

181. "A shameful man deserves praise and keeps a mean in famous things," he said.A. AristotleB. PlatoC. Socrates

182. Eudemonia is translated as ###+ happiness

183. Hedone translates as ###+ pleasure

184. Memento mori is a principle of the school of philosophy:+A. StoicismB. CynicsC. Skepticism G. Epicureans

185. A. Schweitzer believed that the origins of the decline of morality in the twentieth century are rooted in:+A. devaluation of life;B. technology development;C. In pursuit of success;D. oblivion of traditions.

186. A. Schweitzer argued that being moral means being:+A. Thinking;B. Fair;C. Tolerant;D. Humble.

187. The Absolute and highest good for I. Kant:+A. Execution of the moral law;B. Knowing the truth;C. performance of the debt;D. following the commandments.

188. Author of an argument that seeks to remove the fear of death: "Death has nothing to do with us: when we exist, there is no death, and when death is present, we are no more.": ###+Epicurus

189. the Author of the famous exclamation "God is dead!" is: ###+Nietzsche

190. the Author of the formula "reverence for life" is: # # #+A. Schweitzer

191. Author of the phrase " Man is the measure of all things»: ###+Protagoras

192. Ataraxia is one of the most important categories of stoic ethics, meaning: ###+equanimity

193." The unaccountable instinct of shame turns into a clear voice of conscience", said:+A. Solovyov;B. Berdyaev;C. Florensky;D. Dostoevsky.

194. The ethical reflections of such Russian philosophers as F. M. Dostoevsky, V. S. Solovyov, N. A. Berdyaev, and S. N. Bulgakov were based on the following ideas:+A. Orthodoxies;B. Catholicism;C. Protestantism;D. Communism.

195. The ideals of truth, goodness, and beauty were first proposed:+A. PlatoB. SocratesC. Aristotle

D. Protagoras

196. The ideas of maximum "use of nature" and establishing dominance "over all living things on Earth" are gaining great weight:+A. in Modernity;B. in the Middle agesC. in the Renaissance;D. in Antiquity

197. ### called virtue artificial+Hume

198. The "moral law" Formulated by E. Kant, which states: “Act only according to that maxim whereby you can, at the same time, will that it should become a universal law” called ###+categorical imperative

199. The book "Human qualities", which analyzes the crisis situation in the world at the beginning of the 70s of the twentieth century, wrote ###+A. Peccei

200. The Direction of Ancient Greek Ethics, founded by the city of Zeno of Kition in area of 300 BC:+A. StoicismB. SkepticismC. EpicureanismD. Hedonism

201. Duty means:A. human responsibilities to society+B. conscious and voluntary fulfillment of the requirements of society by a personC. intentional moral actions

202. The objective side of duty is:+A. Content of requirements of a human societyB. the relation of man to his dutiesC. the absolute nature of personal behavior

203. The subjective aspect of debt is:A. the fear of public opinionB. the moral law+C. awareness of the demands of society and the need for their implementation

204. Under the conscience is considered to be:A. stressB. actions that correspond to the desire+C. the reaction of a person caused by self-assessment of their behavior, actions through the prism of their own moral consciousness

205. The moral norm is:A. basic human values+B. a requirement that has been developed historically by society and is binding on individualsC. custom

206. "The Doctrine that justifies God in regard to the evil he allows on earth" is defined as ###.+theodicy

207. What is the main goal of a doctor's professional activity:A. material benefitB. social trust in the medical profession+C. saving and preserving the patient's life

208. Medical ethics is:+A. a type of professional ethics that includes a set of moral rules and principles of medical care and regulates relations between all participants in the treatment processB. the concept of moral consciousness, which is used to characterize the typical features of moral behavior of peopleC. the part of medicine that deals with problems of due at the doctor-patient level

209. the Dominant moral standards in medicine for Catholics are:A. morality of the heart (shame, pity, conscience, reverence)+B. therapeutic principle (physical and spiritual life form one substance and are equivalent)C. change and cure a person by enlightening and pacifying the spirit, self-absorption

210. in Buddhist medicine, the following moral norms prevail:A. morality of the heart (shame, pity, conscience, reverence)B. ethics of responsibility, in which the main value is moral autonomy and respect for the rights of the patient+C. change and cure a person through enlightenment and pacification of the spirit, self-absorption

211. Orthodox medicine adheres to the following moral standards:+A. morality of the heart (shame, pity, conscience, reverence)B. to change and cure a person through enlightenment and pacification of the spirit, self-absorptionC. ethics of responsibility, where the main value is moral autonomy and respect for the rights of the patient

212. Which of the following principles is the main one in the Hippocratic model of relations:+A. do no harmB. don't killC. respect the rights of the patient

213. Which of the following principles is the main one for the medical ethics of Paracelsus:A. don't stealB. do not bear false witness+C. do good to

214. Which of the following principles is the main one for the deontological model of relations in medicine:A. keep your doctor's secret+B. do your dutyC. help a colleague

215. the Value of human life as the uniqueness and uniqueness of the individual is confirmed in the ### model of medical ethics.

+biomedical

216. In medical practice, the principle of autonomy of the patient's personalityit comes down to the following aspects:+A. respect for the patient's personality, the possibility for the patient to independently choose a solution from alternative optionsB. the main and only decision-maker isdoctorC. the right to make decisions is given to relatives

217. The principle of medical solidarity implies:+A. protection of the doctor's interests by the hospital staff in any situationB. corporate identityC. medical advice and professional cooperation-specialists in the treatment process

218. The principle of equity in health care means:A. treat those who are able to pay for medical servicesB. medical care is provided differentially, depending on the social status of the person+C. every citizen is provided with guaranteed types and quality of medical care sufficient to restore health and appropriate to modern medical practice

219. Medicine is one of the following types of knowledge:+A. natural scienceB. humanitarianC. interdisciplinary

220. the Fundamental Foundation that forms the medical profession is:A. economicB. cognitive (epistemological)+C. moralD. material (receiving benefits)

221. The main goal of a doctor's professional activity is:+A. saving and preserving human lifeB. social trust in the medical professionC. respect for colleaguesD. material benefit

222. Medicine and ethics are united by:+A. man as a subject of studyB. research methodsC. mastering techniques for overcoming conflicts in human relationshipsD. focus on achieving financial well-being

223. The relationship between General ethical teachings and professional medical ethics is as follows:+A. regulatoryB. definingC. informativeD. legal

224. Moral regulation of medical activity differs from legal regulation:+A. freedom of choice of actionB. arbitrariness of the motive of activityC. criminal impunityD. social approvalE. availability of monetary interest

225. Duty is that which is performed by virtue of:A. professional responsibilities+B. requirements of conscience and consequences of the moral idealC. orders of the chiefD. mutual benefit

226. The concept of "mercy" does not include:A. feelings and abilities of compassionB. willingness to help those who need it+C. indulgenceD. readiness to fulfill any request of a person

230. Professional ethics of a doctor refers to one of the following types of ethical theories:A. anthropocentric (naturalistic-pragmatic)+B. ontocentric (idealistic-deontological)C. occupies an intermediate positionD. creationist (completely based on religion)

231. One of the following forms of professional ethical consciousness cannot be attributed to historical and logical models of medical ethics:A. Hippocratic modelB. Paracelsus modelC. deontological modelD. bioethics+E. Nazi medicine

232. According to the Hippocratic model of medical ethics, the main principle is:+A. do no harmB. don't killC. priority of scientific interestsD. the principle of personal autonomy

233. According to the medical ethics of Paracelsus, the main principle is:+A. do goodB. don't perjure yourselfC. the principle of personal autonomyD. «Knowledge is power»

234. According to the deontological model of doctor-patient relations, the main principle is:+A. performance of dutyB. principle of non-interventionC. compliance with medical confidentialityD. assistance to colleagues

235. For the modern model of bioethics, the main principle is:

A. principle of “duty”B. principle of non-interventionC. the principle of science priority+D. the principle of priority of rights and respect for the dignity of the patient

236. The regulator of decisions of the doctor in professional activity is notA. international lawB. principles of professional ethicsC. National legislationD. traditional religious morality+E. personal gain

237. Can the participation of a doctor in the torture and corporal punishment of prisoners be justified in the interests of science:A. Yes+B. no

238. The Maxim of “decision of the patient to the doctor” morally justified only if there is a solution:+A. does not lead to deterioration of the patient (provision of medicines is contraindicated in the patient)B. coincides with the position of the Ministry of healthC. involves decent pay for medical servicesD. the interests of medical science

239. Respect for a person's private life on the part of the attending physician implies:A. informing the patient's family members about their health status at their request+B. keeping a secret about the state of his healthC. transmitting information about the nature of the patient's illness to their employersD. refusal to consult with colleagues in complex cases of illness

240. Medical care is a form of manifestation of:A. privileges for certain segments of society+B. charity and social justiceC. economic interest of professionalsD. market-oriented division of labor and source of profit

241. The idea of justice in medicine is implemented in the form of:A. mercy of doctors+B. free assistance to a sick personC. high pay for medical workersD. providing medical assistance at any time and in any place

242. There are two forms of health organization that relate to justice as an idea of equality and mercy:A. private (paid) medicineB. voluntary (private, commercial) health insuranceC. forms of state insurance+D. national-state health system and compulsory (universal) health insurance

243. To the form of social regulation of medical activity does not apply:A. Ethics

+B. artC. economyD. law

244. Duty Is something that is performed in medicine by virtue of:+A. professional responsibilitiesB. requirements of close peopleC. requirements of conscience and consequences of the moral idealD. orders of the chief, norms of the law

245. Does the patient have the right to know about their hopeless diagnosis?+A. YesB. noC. only relativesD. depends on the financial viability of the patient

246. Denial of medical care to a patient is a violation of the principle of medical ethics, primarily:+A. do goodB. do no harmC. altruismD. personal autonomy

247. The doctor received the information from the patient in an unconscious state and informed her family. Did he do the right thing?A. he had no choice+B. No, this is a medical secretC. He had to report everything to the head of the Department or the chief doctor of the hospitalD. Had to go to the patient's lawyerE. Yes, relatives should know everything about the patient

248. In which model does the patient's trust in the doctor come first?A. The Hippocratic ModelB. Deontological model+C. Paracelsus ModelD. the Collegial model

249. The main content of deontology:A. Respect for human rights and dignityB. Respect for the lawC. Obligations to teachers, colleagues, and students+D. Set of " due " professional rules

250. In respect of which category of persons is it unacceptable to provide medical assistance, including medical examination, hospitalization, observation and isolation without the consent of citizens or their legal representatives:A. persons suffering from diseases that pose a danger to othersB. persons suffering from severe mental disorders that cause danger to themselves and othersC. persons who have committed socially dangerous crimes+D. minorsE. persons with a particularly dangerous infection

251. In what cases is it possible to disclose medical secrets?A. for certain genetic defects in one of the spousesB. to the employer during the medical examination when applying for a job+C. at the risk of spreading certain infectious diseasesD. at the request of close relatives

252. The first known source of the concept of medical ethics:A. The BibleB. book "Ayurveda"+C. "Hippocratic Oath"D. "Canon of medical science"

253. The ethical model in medicine is built on charity and love of neighbor is linked with the name ###+Paracelsus

254. The content of health information does not include:A. information about the results of the surveyB. information about the presence of the diseaseC. information about treatment methods+D. information about the health of the attending doctorE. information about the risk of medical intervention

255. Who is the author of the principle "do not harm"?A. ParacelsusB. Epicurus+C. HippocratesD. Semashko

256. Can a doctor refuse treatment because it is ineffectiveA. at the request of relativesB. at the request of the patientC. for medical reasonsD. at the direction of the superiors+E. No right

257. From the standpoint of the current criminal code, the following actions of a doctor fall under the concept of crime:A. intentional infliction of serious harm to health;B. HIV infection;C. forcing the removal of human organs or tissues for transplantation;D. failure to help the patient;+E. all of the above.

258. In case of an unfavorable prognosis of the disease, information about this:+A. in a delicate form, the patient is informed at his requestB. not reported to the patientC. it is not disclosed to anyone because it is a secret+D. reported to one of the relatives of the patient's choice

259. It is well established that in some cases, patients, unable to withstand the psychological burden, after the announcement of the diagnosis, end their lives by suicide. What should the doctor do in this case?+A. Depends on the characterological characteristics of the patientB. I Agree with my superiorsC. I won't tell you anythingD. Consult with relativesE. I will Consult with a lawyer

260. Providing information constituting a medical secret without the consent of the patient or his legal representative is allowed in all cases, except:A. at the risk of spreading infectious diseases, mass poisoning and lesions+B. if the patient has HIV infectionC. at the request of the bodies of inquiry and investigation, the Prosecutor's office and the court in connection with the investigation or trialD. if assistance is provided to a minor under the age of 15 to inform parents or legal representativesE. for the purpose of examining and treating a patient who is unable to express his will due to his condition.

261. Types of professional activities that require professional ethics+A. EverythingB. those activities that require special knowledgeC. activities where there are not enough common moral regulatorsD activities related to specific moral obligations

262. The structure of professional morality does not include+A. System of legal assessmentsB. Mores of the professional environmentC. The system of moral values related to workD. Behavior of a person in the performance of their duties

263. What is the key problem of modern medical ethics+A. health as a human rightB. health protection is a privilege for a limited number of peopleC. health Protection as a right of the financially secureD. health Protection as a right for vulnerable groups

264. Describe the technical type of model-doctor: patient+A. Should not be guided by the system of existing valuesB. the Doctor must be guided by a system of valuesC. the Doctor must use common sense in informing the patientD. the Doctor must bear moral responsibility

265."Providing assistance to the patient, do not harm him" a moral principle characteristic of+A. models of the sacred typeB. collegial ModelsC. technical type ModelsD. contract-type Models

266. What is a "Problem situation" in modern medicine+A. The emergence of a situation of insufficiency of some classical ethical standards

B. Protection of human rights in medicineC. the Situation of recognizing the priority of the patient's moral autonomyD. the Situation of formation of a new concept of humanism

627. Identify the main reasons for the emergence of new models of moral relationships in medicine+A. The age of digitalization+B. The emergence of new technologies of healingC. Adherence to traditional forms of healingD. the existence of a doctor's exclusive right to make decisions about the course of treatment, diagnosis and prognosis.

268. Medical ethics is:A. the Section of philosophy that studies the totality of norms and morals+B. Set of norms of morality and behavior of nurses, doctorsC. teaching about the laws and regulations governing the conduct of medical workers in the workplaceD. the section of sociology that studies the forms of social interaction of medical workers

269. categories of medical ethics include:+A. Conscience, meaning of life, duty, tact, dignity, honorB. measures of equality and inequalityC. do no harm, do good, do goodD. disease, health, norm, pathology

270. Medical ethics studies:A Set of medical services aimed at restoring the patient's healthB. Relationships between team members and relatives of patients+C. Features of development and dependence of moral behavior of a medical worker on the conditions of his practical activityD. features of relationships of medical workers depending on their status

271. The concept of medical ethics includes:A. Understanding of the optimal performance of health workers+B. Scientific section that includes ethical and moral aspects of health care workers ' activitiesC. Advances in modern medicineD. Scientific section that includes legal aspects of health care workers ' activities

272. The term "medical ethics" reflects:+A. the Relationship between staff and patients within the limits of the norms established by morality;B. Medical secrecy;C. Attitude to a person who does not have the opportunity to receive paid treatmentD. Relationship between medical practitioners and the bureaucracy

273. Deontology is:A. Science that studies the responsibility of medical professionals+B. the Science of proper behavior with regard to morality, ethicsC. Science of the latest achievements in medicineD. Science of the philosophical foundations of medicine

274. Distinctive features of professional ethics of medical workers are:A. Priority of medical science over the interests of patientsB. the Right to conduct deviated from the norm+C. A conscious choice of the rules of conduct

275. Medical secrecy corresponds to:A. the principle of fairness+B. the principle of confidentialityC. the principle of kindnessD. the principle of responsibility

276. Medical secret are obliged to keep:+A. all medical professionalsB. nurses;C. only doctorsD. medics

277. The classical model of medical ethics does not include:+A. Voluntary consent to proceduresB. Voluntary consent to termination of pregnancyC. Voluntary consent to euthanasiaD. Voluntary consent to surgery

278. One of the principles of medical ethics:+A. health care worker must be directed to the benefit of the patientB. in the process of working with the patient should be the experienceC. Assistance patient must be provided with consideration of the environmentD. a patient is depending on his desires

279. Palliative care is:A. newborn careB. assistance provided in the clinic+C. assistance to a dying patientD. assistance to victims of disasters

280. Maintaining the proper level of authority and reputation of the profession, refers to the following principle:A. do no harm+B. Respect for the professionB. relationships with colleaguesD. professional development

281. One of the documents in the field of medical ethics includes:+A. international code of medical ethicsB. Standards of medical ethicsC. Liability and lawD. Constitution

282. Whether the right of a physician to disclose information about the diagnosis after the patient's death:A. Yes+B. no

283. Ethical standards of behavior of a nurse are reflected in the document:A. Nursing chart of the patient's history+B. Ethical code of nurses in RussiaC. Ethical relationship between nurse, doctor and patientD. Job descriptions of a nurse

284. The oath, which reflects the ethical standards of behavior of a doctor, is called ###+Doctor's oath

285. In "Hippocratic Oath" is missing the following provision:+A. Health of my patient will always be the highest reward for meB. Consider who taught me the art of medicine on a par with my parentsC. I will conduct my life and my art Cleanly and without blemish

286. The Second stage of development of medical ethics took place in the framework of:+A. formation of monotheistic religions of Judaism, Buddhism, Islam and ChristianityB. development of polytheistic ancient civilizationsC. formation of corporations of doctors in the RenaissanceD. creation of medical faculties of universities

287. The third stage of medical ethics development is related to:+A. creation of medical faculties of universitiesB. development of capitalist relationsC. formation of monotheistic religionsD. development of polyclinic business

288. For the first time in the Soviet medical literature, the term " medical deontology” was used in the works:+ A. N. N. PetrovB. N. A. SemashkoC. B. V. PetrovskyD. N. I. Pirogov

289. The following provision is missing from the oath of a Russian doctor:A. my patient's health will always be my highest rewardB. constantly improve my medical knowledge and medical skills C. keep the secrets of people who trusted me even after their death+D. provision on the permissibility of passive euthanasia

290. In what cases, the doctor has no right to refuse to work with the patient (according to the Ethical Code of the Russian doctor):A. if you feel insufficiently competentB. lacks the technical capacity to provide adequate assistance;C. this form of medical care contrary to the moral principles of the doctor G. doctor does not have sufficient time to assist+D. if he does not have enough time

291. The doctor in providing medical care to the patient should be guided solely by:+A. the interests of the patient, their knowledge and personal experienceB. your interests, knowledge and personal experienceC. the interests of the corporate medical communityD. interests of science

292. the Concept of "bioethics" was formulated by:A. Hippocrates+B. PotterC. Paracelsus

293. The definition of bioethics reflects the most fully the essence and content of:A. Bioethics-medicine in the context of moral norms and human rights+B. Bioethics - moral attitude to all life on earthC. Bioethics-a set of principles and methods of human relationships

294. Biomedicine is:+A. an integral field of knowledge that includes science and social practice, cultural values in relation to life and death, in which the interests of medicine, philosophy, biology, theology, and law intersectB. a type of professional ethics that includes a set of moral rules for providing medical careC. the part of medicine that deals with the problems of proper behavior of a medic in the direct performance of their professional duties

295. Engineering (technical) model of relations "doctor-patient" implies the following system of relations:A. doctor and patient are communicating as equal partners+B. the relationship between a doctor and patient is built on professionalbasis, excluding the personal factorC. the relationship between a doctor and patient reminiscent of a fatherly relationshipparent to child

296. The collegial model of doctor-patient relationships is based onthe following moral requirements:+A. the doctor and the patient act as equal partners in communicationB. the relationship between the doctor and the patient resembles a fatherly relationshipparent to childC. the relationship between the doctor and the patient is based on professionalbased without taking into account the personal factor

297. The basis of the contract model of relations "doctor-patient" liethe following moral requirements:A. doctor and patient are communicating as equal partnersB. the relationship between a doctor and patient is built on professionalbasis, excluding the personal factor+C. in the process of communication between a doctor and patient isagreement, the failure of which releases any of itsobligations

298. The components of informed consent are:A. information on financial benefits+B. providing objective information, the ability to choose alternative offersC. information about the clear priority of the benefits of interventioncompared to the possible risk

299. Ethical problems of abortion are formed around the following:A. economic failure of the family

+B. complication of health in women and children born after abortion, as well as a woman's right to choose a solutionC. denial of the personal status of the fetus

300. Intervention in the human genome can be performed in allfor the purposes listed, other than:+A. changes in the genome of germ cellsB. for diagnostic purposesC. for therapeutic purposes

301. Genetic predictive testing is performed:+A. only for medicinal purposesB. for the purpose of artificial selection of the populationC. for medical research purposes

302. What is the determining factor in the formation of modernmedical criteria for the death of a person:A. national traditions+B. development of medical technology and needs of transplant medicineC. self-identification of the individual

303. Euthanasia should be understood as:A. easy deathB. death at the request of the patient+C. patients’ voluntary choice of doctor-assisted death

304. the Law of the Russian Federation "on psychiatric care and guarantees of citizens' rights in its provision " is aimed at solving the following tasks:A. protection of the rights and legitimate interests of citizens from unjustified interference in their lives when providing them with psychiatric care, as well as doctors and medical personnelB. protection of persons suffering from mental disorders from unjustified discrimination in society, as well as society from possible dangerous actions of the mentally ill+C. all of the above.

305. Ethical problems of eugenics are formed around the following:A. volunteerism and the protection of human rightsB. implementation of principles such as do no harm, humanism, justice+C. all of the above

306. Hospice is:+A. an institution that provides comprehensive medical, social and psychological assistance to terminal patients and their relativesB. house of deathC. day hospital for those in need of medical care

307. The concept of “law” does not include:A. element of the system of state powerB. the form of coercion and punishment of a person by a personC. the phenomenon of social solidarity and human-to-human connectivitya set of state laws related to any form of activity (for example, medical law)+D. individual will to punish and punish people

308. Biomedical ethics and medical law should ideally be able to:A. independenceB. medical law-priorityC. the priority of biomedical ethics must be maintained+ D. biomedical ethics-criterion of correctness of medical law

309. The value of human life in biomedical ethics is determined by:A. age (number of years lived)B. mental and physical integrity+C. uniqueness and uniqueness of the personD. financial viability

310. Charity is:+A. selfless activities through which private resources are voluntarily distributed by their owners in order to help those in needB. equality resultC. satisfying a sense of self-worth

311. the Conservative ethical tradition in biomedical ethics is formed by two main doctrines:A. hedonism+B. traditional Christian worldviewC. pragmatism+D. Kant's ethicsD. Freudianism.

312. The liberal position in biomedical ethics is based on two doctrines:A. old Testament morality+B. the teaching of F. Nietzsche+C. pragmatismD. stoicism

313. The features of " American bioethics” do not applyA. developed scientific and organizational baseB. availability of research centers on bioethicsC. building the patient rights movement and creating a " bill of rights for patients”+D. disregard for the values of religious culture

314. The features of the “Christian bioethics” of Catholicism do not applyA. comprehensive consideration of bioethical issuesB. priority of social realities in theological constructions and recommendationsC. choosing the principles of understanding "man as subject and object at the same time”,” godlike" personality, and the body as the temple of God as the basis of " Christian bioethics”+ D. solving problems of bioethics from the perspective of calculating " benefits and benefits”

315. Features of bioethics in countries with Protestant culture include+A. the principle of moral autonomy of the individual+B. affirmation of the right and value of human spiritual freedomC. the value of " national health”D. the value of financial well-being

316. The peculiarities of the attitude to bioethics in Orthodox moral anthropology include:A. commercial interests of the scientific and intellectual elite

+B. understanding God as the source of human striving for perfection+C. understanding the vocation of man as " a partaker of the divine nature”D. solving medical problems from the perspective of "utility"

317. Islamic moral and religious tradition is characterized by:+A. orientation to the Koran and the code of canonical laws of IslamB. priority of human free willC. dominant socio-political interests of the stateD. unequal roles of men and women in society

318. The basis of Muslim legislation governing health care is:A. common national interests+B. the code of canonical laws of IslamC. specialist's ability and right to interpretD. interests of science

319. The Concept of the human person in Islam is defined by:+A. based on the provisions of the Koran about the entry of the soul into the embryo at three months and one week, i.e. on the hundredth day of pregnancyB. the righteousness of parentsC. human life activityD. material wealth

320. Buddhist medical ethics is based on the understanding of man as:A. a natural beingB. creatures created by God+C. man is the result of the fusion of the parent germ cells and the " continuum of consciousness”D. the progenitor of the genus

321. The "Convention on human rights and Biomedicine" (1997) does not include a guarantee when using the achievements of biology and medicine:A. respect for human dignityB. protecting the identity of each human beingC. respect for the integrity and integrity of the individualD. respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms+E. ensure economic benefit and material interest

322. The "Convention on human rights and Biomedicine" (1997), when using the achievements of biology and medicine, declares priority:+A. the interests and good of the human beingB. public interestsC. interests of science and scientific progressD. interests of the able-bodied population

323. The Legal sanction for a doctor who performs an artificial termination of pregnancy at the request of a woman is:+A. a woman's desireB. WMA Ethical Declaration on medical abortions (1983)C. personal ethical beliefs of the doctorD. medical indications

324. In biomedical ethics, the criterion that determines the beginning of human life is:A. formation of fetal neural tissueB. formation of the fetal respiratory systemC. first heartbeat+ D. the moral status of the human embryo included in the system of moral relationships between people

325. The recognition of the ethical permissibility of surrogate motherhood in in vitro fertilization (IVF) in Islam is influenced by:+A. the assumption that the second wife of the husband may be the gestating motherB. prohibition of egg donationC. assessment of surrogacy as a morally unacceptable phenomenonD. lack of animation of the fetus in the first trimester of pregnancy

326. Assisted reproductive technologies may not be used:+ A. in order to choose the gender of the unborn childB. to prevent the inheritance of a severe diseaseC. for the purpose of procreation of persons with non-traditional sexual orientation.

327. Mass introduction of contraception is not intended to:+ A. affirming the human right to plan the size of one's family;B. opposition to religious moral values;C. implementation of various government orders and international projects to maintain a certain population size in various regions of the world; d. preservation of traditional views on marriage and the family

328. Conservative negative attitude to contraception is determined by all of the above factors, except:+A. destruction of traditional ideas about the purpose of the familyB. suppression of the procreation functionC. targeting small and childless familiesD. rights of the state or international organizations on socio-political birth control in the country

329. The ethical unacceptability of "abnormal childbearing techniques" is related to:A. violating the right of a child to be born naturally in a traditional marriageB. with the recognition and condemnation of the inferiority of the spouse and an attempt to find a replacement for him (her) (in the case of using donor germ cells)C. with the legalization of incomplete and non-traditional families+D. with the destruction of "extra" human embryos

330. The emergence of modern medical sexology is related to:A. with moral and ideological processes-the spread of ethical nihilism, vulgar Freudianism, with the introduction of the ideology of human rightsB. with the development of the pharmaceutical industry (era of contraceptives and antibiotics)C. with the development of porn and sex business+D. with all the listed factors

331. The inadmissibility of euthanasia from the standpoint of the moral anthropology of Christianity is related to:+A. violation of the commandment " thou shalt not kill”B. the saving power of sufferingC. the possibility of introducing a person to the experience of the resurrection

D. the ability to understand the meaning of life

332. The grounds for euthanasia from a medical point of view are determined by:A. the chance of recovery and the possibility of changing the patient's decisionB. violation of the doctor's purpose to save and preserve human lifeC. violation of the moral commandment " thou shalt not kill”D. blocking the moral incentive to develop and improve medical knowledge and medical means to combat death+E. with all the listed factors

333. Active euthanasia differs from passive:A. lack of consent or request of the patient to take his or her lifeB. the priority of the doctor's decision over the patient's decision to terminateC. intentionally or intentionally taking a person's life+D. active, active, intervention of the doctor in the process of termination of life at the request of the patient

334. The decision to allow passive euthanasia or to start intensive care depends on:A. determining the motives of the doctor's activities and actionsB. technical medical facilities and situational capabilities+C. objective picture of the diseaseD. universal human right to life

335. The use of resuscitation equipment for a critical patient is:A. abuse of therapeutic agents+B. implementation of the principle of " fighting for human life to the end”C. a sign of low professional qualificationsD. mandatory if the patient has an insurance policy

336. The right of a sick person to refuse treatment is based on:A. awareness of financial limitations;B. recognizing the limitations of medical facilities;+C. right to a peaceful natural death;+D. religious beliefs

337. The ethical justification of homologous transplantation is determined by:+A. the desire to save human lifeB. the right to physical and psychological risk of the donorC. financial viability of the recipientD. monetary compensation for damage to the donor and material support for its existence

338. The removal of organs and tissues from a dead donor is carried out:A. freely in the interests of science and societyB. according to the principle of “presumption of disagreement”C. according to the principle of " presumption of consent”+D. with the consent of all relatives

339. Transplantation is an ethically incorrect action from the point of view of Christian religious consciousness on the basis of:A. violations of human somatic integrityB. Christian teaching about the fate of the human body in EternityC. violations of the unique properties of the human personality

+D. violations of the will and desire of the deceased person

340. The ethical problem of human reproductive identity is most closely related to transplantation:A. kidneysB. liverC. hearts+D. brain

341. The formation of correct criteria for the death of a person is due to:A. moral and worldview understanding of the essence of manB. development of medical technologyC. the need for transplant medicine+ D. respect for human honor and dignity

342. In Russia, a transplant can be performed without the consent of the donor if the donor:A. a particularly dangerous criminal sentenced to life imprisonmentB. citizen of a foreign state+C. the donor is a deceased person, and neither he nor his relatives protested against the use of his organsD. mentally disabled

343. Moral and ethical problems of medical genetics (diagnosis, treatment, prevention, prognosis) are not related to:A. exclusively for the patientB. interests of the patient's family and relativesC. the well-being of posterity and the health of future generations+D. previous generations

344. Gene therapy should be carried out:+A. only for medicinal purposesB. for medical and moral training and increased care of the future childC. to build a healthy society or a society of healthy citizensD. in order to change the genome of the patient's heirs

345. Genetic predictive testing detects:A. political leanings+B. genetic predisposition or susceptibility to any diseaseC. human social dangerD. creative or business failure of the individual

346. Genetic predictive testing is performed:+A. only for medicinal purposesB. only for medical research purposesC. for the purpose of creating a perfect society through artificial selectionD. in order to create favorable social conditions for people with increased intellectual abilities

347. Intervention in the human genome is not used for:+A. changes in the genome of germ cellsB. prevention goalsC. diagnostic purposesD. therapeutic purposes

348. What relations are regulated by ethical committees in bioethics?A. between patientsB. between doctors+ C. between the pharmacist (doctor) and the subjectD. between doctor and patient

349. The Nuremberg Code (1947) is:+A. international " Set of rules for conducting experiments on humans”B. conviction of Nazi criminalsC. compilation of documents on Nazi crimesD. instructions for the work of national ethics committees

350. The main principles of bioethics are expressed in:A. doctor's responsibilities+B. formulation of patient rightsC. relation to animal experimentsD. relationship between pharmacist and doctor

351. Methods of artificial insemination does not apply:A. intracorporealB. donorC. in vitro+D. fetal therapy

352. Intervention in the sphere of human health can be carried out:+A. based on the patient's free, informed consent+B. based on medical evidenceC. based on the rarity of the disease picture and its cognitive valueD. based on the request of relatives

353. The concept of “informed consent " includes all but:A. information about the purpose of the alleged interventionB. information about the nature of the alleged interventionC. information about possible negative consequencesD. information about the risk associated with the intervention+E. information about the patient's social status

354. Persons who are not able to give informed consent include+A. minors+B. persons with intellectual disabilitiesC. persons with severe forms of the diseaseD. citizens with foreign nationality

355. The negative attitude to abortion in traditional Christian moral anthropology is not related to:A. in violation of the commandment "thou shalt not kill"B. with non-fulfillment of the commandment of love+C. with the doctrine of the transmigration of souls (metempsychosis)D. with the classification of abortion as a mortal sin

356. The doctor should inform the patient about the form of medical intervention in all cases, except when:+A. the patient is either underage, mentally retarded, or unconsciousB. this decision is determined by the financial benefitC. the patient does not have a medical background to understand the complexity of the diseaseD. the patient's disagreement may lead to a deterioration of their health

357. The statement "Psychiatry of all medical Sciences most closely puts us to philosophical questions", caused the inclusion of psychiatry in the objects of biomedical ethics. Who does it belong to?A. Philip PinelB. John Conolly+C. S. S. KorsakovD. P. Chaadaev

358. The main international instrument for the protection of the rights of psychiatric patients is:A. the Nuremberg codeB. Declaration of Geneva the WMAC. the Declaration of Helsinki+D. Hawaiian Declaration

359. The duty of the doctor to provide the person suffering from a mental disorder, in an intelligible form and their mental state information on the nature of mental disorder, the aims, methods, including alternative, and duration of the recommended treatment and the pain sensations, possible risks, side effects and expected outcomes is the implementation of the rules:A. privacyB. altruismC. autonomy of the individual+D. informed consent

360. The general civilizational bases of bioethical knowledge include all the listed factors, except:A. the emergence and application of new biomedical technologies in practical health careB. democratization of public relations+C. value-worldview pluralismD. experimental nature of modern medical knowledge

361. The maxim " the patient's decision is the law for the doctor” is morally justified only if this decision:A. does not lead to deterioration of the patient's condition (provision of medical products that are contraindicated to the patient)B. motivated by " informed consent” and does not threaten other human livesC. abortion, forced euthanasia at the request of the patient's relativesD. assumes a decent payment for medical services

362. The grounds for allowing abortion in liberal ideology are:+A. denial of the personal status of the fetusB. rights of the childC. privacyD. the existence of a medical operation for artificial termination of pregnancy

363. In Christian ethics abortion as a necessary measure, for example, because:A. an embryo is a mother's bodyB. the doctor is not responsible for the execution of the mother's decisionC. the destruction of life becomes murder only after the birth of a child+D. in the case of ectopic pregnancy, the embryo is initially doomed to death

364. The ethical justification of transplantation is determined by:A. species identityB. solidarity in belonging to the scientific and technical intelligentsiaC. the right to physical and psychological risk of the donor+D. free and informed consent

365. What is necessary for conducting an experiment on people?A. consent of relativesB. conducting a mandatory medical examination+C. Informed consent of the volunteerD. Approval with a lawyer

366. What is the doctor's guide when he cannot get informed consent in emergency cases when medical care is needed?A. consults the victim's lawyerB. consults with narrow specialists+C. the patient's main interest is to surviveD. instructions of the management of health authorities

367. Provision of information constituting a medical secret without the consent of the patient or his legal representative is not allowed in the following cases:A. at the risk of spreading infectious diseases, mass poisoning and lesions+B. if the patient has HIV infectionC. at the request of the bodies of inquiry and investigation, the Prosecutor's office and the court in connection with the investigation or trialD. if assistance is provided to a minor under the age of 15 to inform parents or legal representatives

368. What is the name of the international Treaty regulating human experimentation?A. WMA Geneva DeclarationB. Convention on human rights and BiomedicineC. WMA Sydney Declaration+D. WMA Declaration of Helsinki

369. The unfounded nature of euthanasia from a medical point of view is determined by:A. the chance of recovery and the possibility of changing the patient's decision;B. violation of the doctor's purpose to save and preserve human life;C. the social danger of possible abuse in this area;D. blocking the moral incentive to develop and improve medical knowledge and medical means to combat death;+E. all the listed factors.

370. In the middle ages, the mentally ill were kept:A. in monasteries+B. in special hospitalsC. in prisons

D. all options are correct

371. In case of voluntary placement in a psychiatric hospital, the doctor must first of all:A. introduce the daily routineB. inform the patient about their illness+C. obtain the patient's written informed consentD inform the patient's relatives about the disease

372. Abortion at a woman's request is performed:A. within 6 weeks+B. up to 12 weeks.C. to 22 weeks.D. regardless of gestational age.

373. When conducting experiments on animals, the following ethical guidelines must be followed, with the exception of:A. minimum number of animalsB. pain relief is mandatoryC. good care+D. mandatory destruction of surviving animals

374. What psychiatrist considered in the middle of the XIX century unacceptable methods of restraint of the mentally ill:A. MudrovB. Pirogov+C. ConollyD. Pavlov

375. The concept of "informed consent" includes everything except:A. information about the purpose of the alleged intervention+B. information about the priority of the benefits of intervention for society over the riskC. information about possible negative consequencesD. information about the risk associated with the intervention

376. What is "euthanasia":A. refusal of treatment+B. artificial termination of life at the request of the patientC. natural deathD. suicide

377. The basis for the crisis of medical paternalism in psychiatry was:A. decision of the who Committee of experts in 1955B. the emergence of new psychotropic substancesC. accumulation of patients in hospitals who do not need treatment+D. all of the above

378. The patient's death occurred as a result of taking an excessive dose of pain medication prescribed by the doctor at the request of the patient. This action qualifies as:A. active voluntary direct euthanasia;B. active voluntary indirect euthanasia;C. passive voluntary direct euthanasia;+ D. passive voluntary indirect euthanasia;

379. How should information be given to an untrained patient?A. it is Necessary to tell all the options for the course, treatment and possible complications of the diseaseB. the Doctor does not have to give the patient a choice.C. the Patient should ask the doctor for all the necessary information.+D. Convey information in a language that he understands what he needs to understand.

380. What is informed consent:+A. how to protect the patient's right to chooseB. getting full informationC. how to influence the patient's opinionD. a simple formality

381. The main advantage of private health care system is:A. high pricesB. low availability+C. application of modern methods of diagnosis and treatmentD. public access

382. If a hereditary disease is detected in a developing fetus, the fate of this fetus (continuation of pregnancy or abortion) may be decided by:A. only professional doctors;+B. only parents;C. only the mother;D. religious associations;

383. Euthanasia in Latin means:A. voluntary death+B. good deathC. suicideD. sudden death

384. The final decision on involuntary placement in a psychiatric hospital shall be made by:A. psychiatrist;B. Commission of psychiatrists;C. relatives of the patient;+D. court.

385. Name the main cloning task for today.A. creating a better personB. correction of fetal developmentC. population growth+D. cloning of organs and tissues

386. Abuse of psychiatry is:A. treatment of a mentally ill person by an untrained doctorB. using the knowledge of psychiatry for personal gainC. using painful procedures to punish the patientD. using stigmatization for political purposes+E. all of the above

387. Fixation of excited mental patients is not used:A. to facilitate the surveyB. to perform the necessary therapeutic manipulationsC. to ensure the safety of the patient himself+D. for punishment

388. What is necessary for conducting an experiment on people?A. consent of relativesB. conducting a mandatory medical examination+C. Informed consent of the volunteerD. Approval with a lawyer

389. Is it possible to conduct experiments on mentally ill patients:A. according to the Nurburn code, noB. according to the Helsinki Declaration, YesC. according to the Hawaiian Declaration, Yes+D. Yes, but only in special cases

390. Since HIV is currently an incurable disease, therefore:A. these patients do not need to be treatedB. these patients should be isolated from societyC. forced euthanasia should be carried out+D. such patients need to be treated, because this is their inalienable right

391. What does a doctor do when he cannot get informed consent in an emergency?A. consults the victim's lawyerB. consults with specialists+C. the main interest of the patient is to surviveD. ask family of the victim

392. Up to what age can a message information about the child constituting a medical secret, his parents or legal representative (without the consent of the patient)?A. up to 14 years+B. up to 15 yearsC. up to 16 yearsD. up to 18 years

393. Does a patient have the right to familiarize themselves with the medical documentation reflecting the state of his health, according to the "Fundamentals of RF legislation on health protection of citizens"?A. No, he does not+B. Yes, he doesC. Yes, he does in case of a favorable course of the diseaseD. Yes, he does in case of an adverse course of the disease

394. Which children in the Russian Federation are prohibited from conducting clinical experiments?+A. on children without parents.B. on newborns.C. on children under 15 years of age.D. on disabled people.

395. At what stage of the experiment can the patient (subject of the study) refuse to participate in the experiment according to ethical requirements?A. Before starting the experiment (before signing the agreement to participate in the experiment)B. during the experiment, if no advance payment is issued for participation in the experimentC. during the experiment, if the patient (subject of the study) returned the advance paymentD. at the final stage, if the results of the experiment are already predetermined+E. At any stage of the experiment, regardless of receiving an advance.

396. The attitudes to euthanasia in Russia according to the "Fundamentals of Russian Federation law on health protection of citizens":+A. Prohibited, and passive and active euthanasia.B. Prohibited only active euthanasia.C. Prohibited only passive euthanasia.D. allowed both types of euthanasia.

397. Clinical experiments areA. medical research conducted in a medical facility by experienced physicians+B. medical research combined with medical careB. medical research for the purpose of treating the subject of the studyD. medical research conducted in clinics and medical institutions where students are trained

398. Can clinical trials be conducted on prisoners?A. They can if the prisoner is illB. They can, but only with the written consent of the prisonerC. Can be under the supervision of the colony's employees+D. They can't, because it is forbidden by law.

399. A new criterion of death according to the Declaration of the SCA:A. irreversible cessation of function of the cerebral cortexB. irreversible termination of the function of the large hemispheres of the brain+C. irreversible termination of all brain functions, including the brain stem and the first cervical segmentsD. prolonged absence of independent breathing and heartbeat

400. Which of the following definitions corresponds to the original meaning of the term “bioethics":A. doctor's ethics+B. science of survival, "bridge to the future” -" bridge between biology and ethics”C. deontologyD. cultural studies

401. Name the newest bioethical problem of the beginning of the XXI century:+A. cloning of animals, humans and their organsB. organ and tissue transplantationC. new reproductive technologies (in vitro conception, surrogacy, etc.)D. medical secrecy

402. Any organs, tissues and media of the body, including abortive material, may be Removed for non-diagnostic and non-medical purposes only with the written consent of the patient or his legal representative. This provision, according to the Russian doctor's code of ethics, applies to:+A. during the patient's life and after their deathB. only for a lifetime

C. only after the patient has died

403. In what cases, disclosure of medical secrets without the patient's consent is not legal:A. for the purpose of examination and treatment of a citizen who is unable to Express his will due to his conditionB. at the risk of spreading infectious diseases, mass poisoning and lesionsC. at the request of the bodies of inquiry and investigation, the Prosecutor and the court+D. at the request of the next of kin

404. One of the main principles of bioethics is:+A. the principle of personal autonomyB. the principle of paternalismC. deontological principle

405. One of the main rules of biomedical ethics is:A. “don't kill” rule+B. truthfulness ruleC. unselfishness rule

406. Soviet medicine was characterized by a model of doctor-patient relationship:A. collegialB. engineering and technical+C. paternalisticD. contract

407. An informed agreement means:A. providing information about the nature and purpose of the proposed treatment+B. voluntary acceptance by the patient of a course of treatment, diagnostic or therapeutic procedure after providing adequate information by the doctorC. obtaining voluntary consent for diagnostic and therapeutic procedures

408. Compliance with the informed agreement rule is not typical for:+A. paternalistic model of doctor-patient relationsB. the collegial modelC. contract model

409. According to the WMA Declaration, it is possible to remove organs and tissues for the purpose of transplantation from:A. prisoners sentenced to death who are unable to refuse or without their prior consentB. persons with physical or mental disabilities whose death is considered to alleviate their sufferingC. Poor people who have agreed to part with their organs for commercial reasons+D. at the corpse, if the health care institution at the time of removal has the written consent of this person, issued during life

410. By the term “euthanasia” you mean:A. an easy death without suffering and agonyB. special tactics of treatment, care for a terminal patient, which is based on the refusal of extraordinary methods of treatment (stopping ventilators, artificial nutrition, etc.)C. intentionally hastening the death or killing of an incurable terminal patient in order to end their suffering+D. all "interpretations” of the word “euthanasia" are valid.

411. From the standpoint of supporters of euthanasia, an indication for the death of a patient with a fatal diagnosis can be:A. brain deathB. fatal diagnosis of a patient suffering from severe pain that cannot be stopped by modern means and methodsC. the moral and legal right of a patient with a fatal diagnosis to dispose of their life as private property, to refuse medical intervention D. the life of an incurable patient is “too expensive” for society and its relatives +D. all the above arguments are motivated and moral

412. Biological death can be established on the basis of:A. cardiac arrestB. stopping self-breathingC. irreversible termination of brain functions, including the functions of its stem divisionsD. irreversible termination of brain functions, excluding the functions of its stem divisions

413. The term "euthanasia” for the definition of "easy death" was first introduced into the scientific lexicon:A. Hippocrates+B. F. BaconC. AvicennaD. N. I. Pirogov

414. The regulatory standards for any intervention in the field of health do not applyA. laws of the Russian FederationB. international legislationC. professional biomedical ethical standardsD. corporate professional interests+E. economic interests of the researcher

415. According to the legislation of the Russian Federation and ethical documents of a Russian doctor, it is allowed to:A. active euthanasiaB. passive euthanasia in case of hopeless condition of the patientC. active and passive euthanasia+D. no type of euthanasia is allowed

416. Involuntary euthanasia means:+A. euthanasia in the absence of a patient's request (informed consent) to end their lifeB. forced death, against the patient's willC. euthanasia for medical reasons

417. Voluntary euthanasia is understood as:+A. euthanasia at the insistent request to terminate the life of the patient himself, who is clearly conscious and objectively informed about his conditionB. euthanasia at the persuasive request of the patient's relativesC. euthanasia of a newborn with life-threatening defects, at the request and with the consent of the mother.

418. Brain death is characterized by:+A. irreversible absence of all functions of the brain (including the oblong one) with continued heart activity

B. reversible termination of all brain functions (including the oblong one) with continued heart activityC. the irreversible absence of all brain functions (excluding oblong), with continuing activities of the heartD. irreversible absence of all brain functions (including slotted), with continuing activities of the heart and spontaneous breathing.

419. The "Convention on human rights and Biomedicine" (1996), when using the achievements of biology and medicine, declares priority:+A. the interests and good of the human beingB. public interestsC. interests of science and scientific progressD. interests of the able-bodied population

420. The Current law of the Russian Federation” on medicines " prohibits conducting clinical trials of medicines for:A. University students;B. foreign citizens;+C. military personnel;+D. persons serving sentences in places of deprivation of liberty, who are in custody in pre-trial detention centers.

421. For the First time in domestic legislation, abortion was permitted only at the request of a woman in:A. 1914+B. 1920C. 1936D. 1955

422. The ethics committee is:+A. a public Advisory and Advisory body that addresses issues of medical ethics and morals primarily in situations that are not described or clearly described in the lawB. a public body considering violations of medical legislation C. a public body considering universal immoral actsD. the legislative body that develops legislation in the field of Biomedicine

423. Ethics committees are established to:+ A. protection of the rights and interests of subjects and patientsB. protecting the rights of doctors and medical personnelC. development of legislation in the field of medicineD. protecting the interests of incompetent patients

424. The argument against euthanasia, based on the traditions of medical ethics:A. death by euthanasia provokes suicidal tendencies in blood relativesB. modern medicine is rapidly developing, and soon a cure may be found for those who today want to get rid of suffering by euthanasia+ C. Hippocrates forbade euthanasia.

425. "embryo status" is a term that expresses:A. boundaries of embryonic development+B. the starting point of the beginning of human individuality;C. legal rights of the embryo.

426. the stage of death at which doctors have the right to stop resuscitation procedures, without causing harm to the patient:A. agonyB. clinical death+C. brain death

427. Country where euthanasia is prohibited by law:+A. RussiaB. HollandC. Belgium

428. Set a correspondence between the social institution and it`s position on problem of abortion. 1). state. 2). medicine. 3). religion.+2. Abortions are harmful to women's health+3. Abortion is the murder of a living person+1. Abortion leads to a demographic crisis in the country

429. The main reason for the moratorium on cloning:A. unpredictability of the effects of cloning on family and social relationsB. unpredictable consequences of cloning for the genetic health of mankind+C. imperfection of modern cloning techniques that do not allow creating a healthy individual

430. What are the causes of bioethics in the second half of the XX century+A. Scientific and technical progressB. Progress in human rights and freedomsC. Deterioration of the overall environmental situation in the worldD. General civilizational crisis

431. The main principles of bioethics include:+A. the Principle of humanism+B. the principle of patient autonomyC. the principle of equityD. the principle of objectivity

432. When choosing the least harm to the patient, the doctor relies on:+A. On the deontological rule of adequacyB. On your own intuitionC. on advice from colleaguesD. On your experience

433. in medical practice, the principle of autonomy of the patient's personalityit boils down to the following aspects:+A. respect for the patient's personality, the possibility for the patient to independently choose a solution from alternative optionsB. the main and only decision-maker is the doctorC. the right to make decisions is given to relativesD. Collegiality of decision-making

434. The principle of medical solidarity implies:+A. consultation and professional cooperation of doctors-specialists in the treatment processB. protection of the doctor's interests by the hospital staff in any situationC. corporate identity

D. the Doctor does not discuss the decisions of his colleague in the presence of the patient

435. The components of informed consent are:+A. providing objective information, the possibility of choosing alternative offersB. information about financial benefitsC. information about the clear priority of the benefit of intervention over the possible riskD. patient's consent to any outcome of the intervention

436.The term "bioethics" refers to+A. Complex of problems within the competence of medical professional ethicsB. On the problems of ethical treatment of animalsC. On the problems of moral attitude to plantsD. To the living and inanimate nature

437. The situation analyzed by bioethics is born in the sphere of+A. The latest practices of professional medical careB. in the social sphereC. in the economic sphereD. in the political sphere

438. What is the practice of bioethics in a legal state+A. reaching agreement on the distinction between good and evilB. Mastering the language of public dialogueC. Understanding your existenceD. Creating a new image of society

439. What is the peculiarity of the new bioethical dimension of civic community+A. Gaining new rights and freedomsB. Preserving old norms and rightsC. Loyalty to traditions and dogmas based on conservatism of thinkingD. Distrust of dialogue culture

440. The grounds for allowing abortion in liberal ideology are:+A. denial of the personal status of the fetusB. rights of the childC. privacyD. the existence of a medical operation for artificial termination of pregnancy

441. The presumption of consent in transplantation means:+A. assumption of consent in the absence of orders to disagree with the removal of organs of the deceasedB. unsolicited consent for a twin organ transplantC. voluntary consent to post-mortem organ removalD. Consent of the deceased's relatives to the removal of organs

442. When asking a potential blood donor about their personal+A. explanation of the guarantees and rights stipulated in the law on blood donation and its componentsB. warning about the consequences of blood lossC. a warning about the non-disclosure of information received about itD. Consent to far neck use of donor's blood for scientific and medical purposes

443. In the human population, manipulation of the genome during gene therapy is aimed at:+A. on somatic cellsB. on generative cellsC. on stem cells

444. What is the provision in accordance with the International ethical regulations regarding termination of pregnancy with a fetus with a pathology?+A. the family has the right to independent choice to keep or abort the pregnancy the fetus with the pathology of the subject to provide comprehensive information about all the possible consequencesB. Termination of pregnancy with fetal pathology it is unacceptableC. abortion is strictly prohibited, with the exception of cases when the pregnancy can endanger the mother's lifeThe city must apply to an approved list of pathologies in which an abortion is possible

445. non-directionality in conducting medical and genetic consultations ensures compliance with the principle:+A. personal autonomyB. justiceC. do goodD. do no harm

446. What definition of professional ethics of a psychiatrist do you think is correct+A. a set of moral norms, concepts, judgments and assessments of behaviors characteristic of the professional community of psychiatristsB. a set of rules and norms of behavior that reflect the basic moral principles of a given societyC. the form of moral orientations and the system of values of the psychiatristD. a form of social and individual consciousness that performs the function of regulating people's behavior

447. Select factors that affect professional ethics+A. special standards of conduct defined by professional activitiesB. art+C. the system of moral values prevailing in a given societyD. economic relations

448. The determining factor in the formation of modern medical criteria for human death is+A. development of medical technology and needs of transplant medicineB. moral and worldview understanding of the essence of manC. economic conditionsD. respect for human honor and dignity

449. In Russia, transplantation can be performed without the consent of the donor, if the donor:+A. a deceased person, and neither he nor his relatives protested against the use of his organsB. a particularly dangerous criminal sentenced to life imprisonmentC. citizen of a foreign stateD. mentally disabled450. Causes that contributed to the formation of a new concept of death - "brain Death"+A. Further development of transplantologyB. the Emergence of paid medicineC. the Emergence of bioethicsD. the Birth of alternative medicine

451. The criteria for the moral measurement of a doctor are:A. reasonB. goodwillC. dominant economic interest+D. higher good

452. Moral motivation of medical activity is based on:+A. needs to give and receive loveB. the desire to make the maximum profit when providing paid medical services C. the need for self-respect and respect for othersD. the desire to know and understand the laws of a healthy and sick body

453. Bioethics considers:A. only rules of professional ethicsB. specific moral situationsC. exclusively the behavior of a doctor within the profession+D. General issues in a broad social context

454. The characteristics of professionalism include:A. the ability to control the patient's will+B. insight+C. communication skills+D. ability to exert psychological influence

455. New biomedical technologies:A. do not create any moral problemsB. do not require compliance with the principles, rules and norms of bioethicsC. They create moral problems that need to be discussed and addressed in a broad social context+D. They require a high sense of responsibility for the life and health of each person and all mankind

456. the subject of bioethics is:A. General theoretical study of the categories of good and evilB. specific situations of moral choice when performing actions that present a possible or actual danger to lifeC. development of bioethical laws, principles, rules, procedures+D. consideration and resolution of precedents (incidents) with bioethical content

457. To motivational principles include:A. the principle of active loveB. the principle of “do not harm!”C. the principle of "do good!"+D. the principle of justice

458. The goal-setting principles include:A. the principle of compassionB. the principle of conscientiousness+C. the principle of "do not harm!"D. the principle of "do good!"

459. Existential-humanistic principles include:+A. the principle of respect for patient autonomy

B. feedback principleС. The principle of vulnerabilityD. the principle of flexibility

460. The consequences of ethical analysis of a specific clinical situation are:A. ethical theory+B. moral choiceC. moral responsibilityD. laws and principles of bioethics

461. The rule of the inviolability of private life are linked:A. with the material rules on medical privacyB. obtaining informed consent to medical interventionC. with the preservation intact of something+D. With protection from any encroachment by anyone

462. The rule of confidentiality is:A. protecting the social status of the patientB. protecting the economic interests of the patient+C. factor in the achievement of openness in communication between doctor and patientD. condition clinical effectiveness of medical intervention

463. the informed consent Rule aims to:A. on the purely formal side of doctor-patient communicationB. to ensure that the patient is treated with respect+C. to minimize the possibility of moral and material damage that may be caused to the patientD. to create conditions that increase the sense of responsibility of medical professionals for the moral and physical well-being of patients

464. It is considered justified to provide medical care without the consent of citizens or their legal representatives to persons:A. having any medical indications for intervention+B. suffering from diseases that pose a danger to othersC. suffering from mental disordersD. committed socially dangerous acts

465.What does professional ethics study?A. good and evilB. moral educationC. criminal code+D. concrete manifestation of general standards of morality in connection with practical activities

466. What is the main distinguishing feature of a doctor's professional ethics?A. criminal liability for non-compliance with professional ethical standardsB. the ability to subordinate yourself to the interests of the patient+C. optimally correct choice of moral principles and norms of behavior

467. Correlate the models of medical ethics with their basic principles: 1). the principle of " do not harm». 2). the principle of "respect for human rights and dignity". 3). the "do good" principle+3. Paracelsus Model+1. The Hippocratic Model

+2. The model of bioethics468. Which model of the doctor-patient relationship most implements the principle of "anti-paternalism"?A. "technical type" model+B. "contract-type" modelC. "sacred type" modelD. "collegial type" model

469. What is the determining factor for the formation of modern medical criteria for human death?A. development of medical science and technologyB. respect for human honor and dignity+C. needs of transplant medicine

470. The ethics of taking organs from a dead donor implies:A. no moral or legal restrictions+B. condition expressed during the life and legal consent of the donorC. unhindered in the interests of medical science and societyD. the condition for the absence of objections expressed by the donor during his lifetime to the removal of organs from his corpse

471. Is euthanasia a new biomedical solution to ending life?+A. YesB. no

472. The unfounded nature of euthanasia from a medical point of view is determined by:A. the chance of recovery and the possibility of changing the patient's decisionB. violation of the doctor's purpose to save and preserve human lifeC. violation of the moral commandment "thou shalt not kill"D. blocking the improvement of medical knowledge and medical means to combat death+E. With all the listed factors

473. Is euthanasia permitted by the legislation of the Russian Federation?A. Yes+B. no

474. What is the position in relation to abortion based on the principles of a woman's right to dispose of her body and non-recognition of the personal status of the fetus?A. conservative position+B. liberal position

475. What is the ethical unacceptability of new reproductive technologies?A. the emerging life is a matter of purchase and saleB. violation of the rights of a child to be born naturally in a traditional marriageC. devaluation of the value of motherhood and maternal love in the case of legalizing "surrogate motherhood"D. germ cell donation erodes family relationships+E. all together

476. To what understanding of death should modern medicine go, taking into account bioethics:A. one-time eventB. a process consisting of several stages

+C. termination of life and the process preceding it, i.e. the process of dying, as an intermediate state between life and death477. How the moral attitude to death is interpreted in euthanasia:+A. death as blessingB. death as evilC. death as murder

478. What is the concept of humanism is used by bioethics:A. abstract humanism+B. concrete humanism

479. Who first laid the foundations of medical deontology in our country?A. Sechenov I. M.B. Bekhterev V. M.+C. Petrov N. N.D. Pavlov I. P.

480. The English philosopher of the XVI century. F. Bacon argued that " the duty of a doctor is not only to restore health, but also to alleviate the suffering and torment caused by diseases... when there is absolutely no hope of salvation and you can make death itself easier and calmer." Which biomedical problem is most related to this statement?A. death criteriaB. reproductive technologies+C. euthanasiaD. organ transplantation

481. What is the cause of anti-humanism in modern medicine?A. the possibility of organ speculation in transplantologyB. pressure of national and multinational pharmaceutical firms on health care professionalsC. nihilistic attitude to universal moral norms+ D. all of the above

482. What information is a medical secret?A. information about the patient's health statusB. Information about the fact of seeking medical help, about the state of health, diagnosis and other information obtained during the examination and treatment of the patient, as well as information about the patient's serious condition in relation to him+C. Information about the fact of seeking medical care, health status, diagnosis, and other information obtained during the examination and treatment of the patient

483. Is Bioethics a moral field of the philosophy of medicine?+A. YesB. no

484. That can give a bioethics modern medicine?A. a more complete understanding of life and deathB. differentiated approach to solving problems of euthanasia, transplantation, etc.C. orientation to new medical thinking+ D. all together

485. The feeling and the ability of compassion to man, the willingness to help is called ####+ mercy

486. Plato and Hippocrates said: "The physician-philosopher is like God." What, in Your opinion, is the sacred meaning of this ancient idea?A. Doctor-Creator of a harmonious human beingB. Doctor-Creator of physical health+C. Doctor-expert on human souls

487. In the Russian Federation, organ transplantation is regulated:A. by the concept of "requested consent"+B. by presumption of consent (the concept of "non-requested consent")C. not regulated by anythingD. prohibited

488. from the list of rules, select one that is not related to bioethics:A. privacy policyB. truthfulness ruleC. informed consent rule+D. rule of pragmatism

489. Voluntary acceptance by the patient of a course of treatment or therapeutic procedure after providing adequate information by the doctor is called ###+ informed consent

490. From the listed principles, select one that is not related to bioethics:A. the principle of fairnessB. the principle of "personal autonomy"C. the principle of concrete humanism+D. the principle of rationalism

491. What actions of a doctor can be qualified as a medical error:A. inaction, failure to provide assistanceB. the doctor's economic interest+C. unqualified actions of a doctorD. Unavoidable objective harm to the patient from diagnosis and treatment

492. The principle of "do not harm" in the socio-psychological and legal sense means:+A. maintaining medical confidentialityB. refusal to give the patient full information about his diagnosisC. refusal to treat incurable patientsD. refusal of therapeutic actions that have a side effect

493. The Principle of "do not harm" in a moral sense means:+ A. respect and gratitude to colleagues, teachersB. ability to make rational decisions in treatmentC. mental contact of the patient with the doctorD. refusal to provide assistance due to lack of competence

494. In the Paracelsus model, the main component of therapy is:A. economic relations between a medical professional and a patient+B. moral relations between a medical professional and a patientC. partnership between a healthcare professional and a patient

495. Which model of the doctor-patient relationship has the least moral regulation of the doctor's activity:A. Contract modelB. paternalistic model+C. engineering modelD. the collegial model

496. The main rule of morality in the deontological model of doctor's ethics:A. do good to the patientB. treat well, because the patient can be useful to the doctor as a specialist in their professional field (lawyer, salesman, Bank employee, and so on)+C. treat the patient as you would like to be treated yourself in a similar situation or someone close to youD. do not harm the patient

497. Authoritarianism of the doctor is combined with concern for the patient in the behavior model:+A. paternalisticB. engineeringC. collegialD. contract

498. According to the ethical documents regulating medical and biological experiments, it is possible to terminate the experiment at the request of the subject:A. after receiving the first results of the experiment;B. only in case of threat to the life of the subject;C. after obtaining the consent of the researcher to terminate the experiment+D. at any stage of the research.

499. From the standpoint of the current criminal code of the Russian Federation, the following actions of a doctor fall under the concept of “crime”:A. intentional infliction of serious harm to health;B. HIV infection;C. forcing the removal of human organs or tissues for transplantation;D. failure to provide assistance to the patient;+D. all of the above.

500. The principle of medical ethics that the code of ethics of Hippocrates formulated the following words: "And if you happen to hear and see debt profession or outside of my relationships with people something that is confidential, you remain silent, and as a sacred secret save":A. no harm;B. justice;+C. confidentiality.