web server _ apache and nginx

7/29/2019 Web Server _ Apache and NginX

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2/8

9/13 Web Server : Apache And NginX

ache-error.blogspot.in

Posted by Manoj Kumarat 10:00 AM No comments:

proxy_read_timeout 60;

proxy_buffer_size 4k;

proxy_buffers 4 32k;

proxy_busy_buffers_size 64k;

proxy_temp_file_write_size 64k;

}

}

For Caching contents create a file/etc/nginx/conf.d/ca che.confand enter following

contents:

## Size Limits

client_body_buffer_size 128K;

client_header_buffer_size 1M;

client_max_body_size 1M;

large_client_header_buffers 8 8k;

## Timeouts

client_body_timeout 60;

client_header_timeout 60;

expires 24h;

keepal ive_timeout 60 60;

send_timeout 60;

## General Options

ignore_invalid_headers on;

keepalive_requests 100;

limit_zone gulag $binary_remote_addr 5m;

recursive_error_pages on;

sendfile on;

server_name_in_redirect off;

server_tokens off;

## TCP options

tcp_nodelay on;

tcp_nopush on;

## Compre ssion

gzip on;

gzip_buffers 16 8k;

gzip_comp_level 6;

gzip_http_version 1.0;

gzip_min_length 0;

gzip_types text/plain text/css image/x -icon application/x-perl

application/x-httpd-cgi;

gzip_vary on;

## Log Format

log_format main '$remote_a ddr $host $remote_user [$time_local]

"$request" '

'$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" "$http_user_agent" ''"$gzip_ratio" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';

This cache.confwill be used by default for all your VHOSTS content caching, so

you can manage accordingly :)

Start nginx service : service nginx start

Please correct if find somewhere mis-spelled or incorrect!!!

WEDNESDAY, FEBRUARY 1, 2012
http://www.blogger.com/email-post.g?blogID=783712521471379179&postID=1616851787551691528http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=783712521471379179&postID=1616851787551691528http://apache-error.blogspot.in/2012/02/reverse-proxy-with-nginx.htmlhttps://plus.google.com/113701026524170699917


3/8




How to Install Nginx WebServer

How to Install Nginx Web Server using Yum

Add Nginx yum repository, create a file named /etc/yum.repos.d/nginx.repoand

paste one of the configurations below:

For CentOS

CentOS:[nginx]

name=nginx repo

baseurl=http://nginx.org/packages/centos/$releasever/$basearch/

gpgcheck=0

enabled=1

For Redhat

RHEL:[nginx]

name=nginx repo

baseurl=http://nginx.org/packages/rhel/$releasever/$basearch/

gpgcheck=0

enabled=1

Due to differences between how CentOS, RHEL, and Scientific Linux populate the

$releasever variable, it is necessary to manually replace $releasever with either "5"

(for 5.x) or "6" (for 6.x), depending upon your OS version.

Now Run following command to install NginX Web Server:

yum -y install nginx

Start NginX Service : service nginx start

How to Install Nginx Web Server using source code

Download stable source code from http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.0.11.tar.gz

Unzip source code : tar zxvf nginx-1.0.11.tar.gz

Unzipped directory should be nginx-1.0.11:

cd nginx-1.0.11

Run following commands to install:

./configure --prefix=/opt/nginx (--prefix=[path where to install].... use ./configure --

help to find more options to enable or disable features)

make

make install

Start Nginx Web Server : /opt/nginx/bin/nginx

Stop Nginx Web Server : /opt/nginx/bin/nginx -s stop

Nginx Logs and PID file : /opt/nginx/logs/{access.log}{error.log}{nginx.pid}

Thats it!!!

Ref : http://wiki.nginx.org/Install

http://www.thegeekstuff.com/2011/07/install-nginx-from-source/

WEDNESDAY, DECEMBER 28, 2011

Apache vs NginX

Nginx is known for its high performance, stability, rich feature set, simple

configuration, and low resource consumption
http://apache-error.blogspot.in/2011/12/apache-vs-nginx.htmlhttp://www.thegeekstuff.com/2011/07/install-nginx-from-source/http://wiki.nginx.org/Installhttp://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.0.11.tar.gzhttp://apache-error.blogspot.in/2012/02/how-to-install-nginx-webserver.htmlhttp://www.blogger.com/email-post.g?blogID=783712521471379179&postID=1089791733736838024http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=783712521471379179&postID=1089791733736838024http://apache-error.blogspot.in/2012/02/how-to-install-nginx-webserver.htmlhttps://plus.google.com/113701026524170699917


4/8




Labels:Apache, linux, nginX, ubuntu, w eb server

Nginx is one of a handful of servers written to address the C10K problem. Unlike

traditional servers, Nginx doesn't rely on threads to handle requests. Instead it uses

a much more scalable event-driven (asynchronous) architecture . This

architecture uses small, but more importantly, predictable amounts of memory under

load.

Even if you don't expect to handle thousands of simultaneous requests, you can still

benefit from Nginx's high-performance and small memory footprint. Nginx scales in

all directions: from the smallest VPS all the way up to clusters of servers.

Nginx particularly excels at serving static fileslike the Tectonicus map t ile images.

For larger websites, it's often employed as a front-end Web server to quickly dish upunchanging page content, while passing on requests for dynamic stuff to more

complex Apache Web servers running elsewhere. However, I was interested in it

purely as a fast single Web server.

http://joeandmotorboat.com/2008/02/28/apache-vs-nginx-web-server-performance-

deathmatch/

http://www.wikivs.com/wiki/Apache_vs_nginx

Apache

The drawback to doing everything with processes is that Apache prefork can be a bit

of a memory hog, especially under load. Another precompiled flavor of Apache can

be installed as an alternative:Apache MPM worker. "Worker" differs from "prefork" in

that worker's processes are multithreaded, giving them the ability to service more

requests with fewer system resources. This can translate into faster pages served

with less RAM and CPU. However, because some Apache modules don't

necessarily work well when run under multithreaded Apache, you have to specifically

select this version to install on Ubuntu and on other GNU/Linux distros with package

management.

Alternatively we can use FastCGI with Apache to handle PHP requests. FastCGI can

use a single persistent process which handles many requests over its lifetime

http://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/rhel-centos-fedora-apache2-fastcgi-php-

configuration.html

Other Surveys for All Web Servers

http://news.netcraft.com/archives/2011/04/06/april-2011-web-server-survey.html

FRIDAY, DECEMBER 2, 2011

Apache Questions

Q1 How to enable Directory Listing

Ans Place "Options +Indexes" in Directory Tabs

Q2 Allow Apache to use / access symbolic links directory/files

Ans Place "Options +FollowSymLinks" in Directory Tabs

Q3 Allow Apache to use / access .htaccess file

Ans Place "AllowOverride All" in Directory Tabs

Q4 Can we replace .htaccess file to some other for our convenient

Ans Yes, change "AccessFileName .htaccess" to "AccessFileName .xyz"

Q5 Set default number of start processes

Ans Find "StartServers ..." and set as per your requirement

Q6 How to disable Apache signature/version
http://apache-error.blogspot.in/2011/12/apache-questions.htmlhttp://news.netcraft.com/archives/2011/04/06/april-2011-web-server-survey.htmlhttp://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/rhel-centos-fedora-apache2-fastcgi-php-configuration.htmlhttps://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.0/mod/worker.htmlhttp://www.wikivs.com/wiki/Apache_vs_nginxhttp://joeandmotorboat.com/2008/02/28/apache-vs-nginx-web-server-performance-deathmatch/http://www.kegel.com/c10k.htmlhttp://apache-error.blogspot.in/search/label/web%20serverhttp://apache-error.blogspot.in/search/label/ubuntuhttp://apache-error.blogspot.in/search/label/nginXhttp://apache-error.blogspot.in/search/label/linuxhttp://apache-error.blogspot.in/search/label/Apachehttp://www.blogger.com/email-post.g?blogID=783712521471379179&postID=7102095825600501784http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=783712521471379179&postID=7102095825600501784http://apache-error.blogspot.in/2011/12/apache-vs-nginx.htmlhttps://plus.google.com/113701026524170699917


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Ans ServerSignature Off

Q7 How to block/disable TRACE

Ans Use "TraceEnable Off" globally so that TRACE will be disabled for all VHOSTS

Q8 Best tools for monitoring Apache Requests

Ans use Apache Handler "server-status" and APACHETOP tool (its like TOP

command in linux)

Q9 How can we protect our site to avoid DOS/DDOS attacks

Ans Use mod_evasive apache module or this can also be done through firewall

Q10 Redirect abc.com to www.abc.com

Ans Use following in abc.com VHOST : - "Redirect / http://www.abc.com/"

Q11 Which Apache processes are consuming higher memory

Ans Use ApacheTop or "ps -ylC httpd --sort rss" this command will show all apache

processes in ascending order according to \memory size used by per process (RSS

field)

Q12 What are different MPM's available in Apache for Linux and how they work

Ans There are 2 MPMs available 1) Worker 2) Prefork

Worker:- This Multi-Processing Module (MPM) implements a hybrid multi-

process multi-threaded server. By using threads to serve requests, it is able to serve

a large number of requests with fewer system resources than a process-based

server. However, it retains much of the stability of a process-based server by keeping

multiple processes available, each with many threads.

The most important directives used to control this MPM are ThreadsPerChild, which

controls the number of threads deployed by each child process and MaxClients,

which controls the maximum total number of threads that may be launched

Prefork :- This Multi-Processing Module (MPM) implements a non-threaded,

pre-forking web server that handles requests in a manner similar to Apache 1.3. It is

appropriate for sites that need to avoid threading for compatibility with non-thread-safe libraries. It is also the best MPM for isolating each request, so that a problem

with a single request will not affect any other.

This MPM is very self-regulating, so it is rarely necessary to adjust its configuration

directives. Most important is that MaxClients be big enough to handle as many

simultaneous requests as you expect to receive, but small enough to assure that

there is enough physical RAM for all processes.

Q13 Write a Rewrite rule to redirect (www).abc.com/request.php to

www.abc.com/request1.php

Ans RewriteEngine On

RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} abc.com$ [NC,OR]

RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} www.abc.com$ [NC]RewriteRule ^/request.php$ http://www.abc.com/request1.php [L]

Q14 How many connections apache server can handle

Ans This completely depends on our server configuration mainly on RAM

Max no. of connections = (Total Memory - Memory Used By System For Its

use) / average single apache process size*

*Average Single Apache Process Size : Can be find using "top" command or

"ps -ylC httpd --sort rss"

To be continued....
http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.1/mod/mpm_common.html#maxclientshttp://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.1/mod/mpm_common.html#maxclientshttp://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.1/mod/mpm_common.html#threadsperchild


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THURSDAY, DECEMBER 1, 2011


HTTP Status Codes

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_HTTP_status_codes

TUESDAY, MARCH 29, 2011


Install Apache module without re-installation withAPXS

In case we have installed Apache using source c ode and we would like to install one of

its modules called mod_rewrite or whatever. Then we need to do the following to

install module without re-installing Apache:

cd apache-source-code

cd modules/mappers

/path/to/apache2/bin/apxs -iac mod_rewrite.c

Add following to httpd.conf file:

LoadModule rewr ite_module modules/mod_rewrite.so

Then Restart Apache, thats it!!!

TUESDAY, MARCH 15, 2011

Apache Virtual Hosting

What is Apache Virtual Hosting?

When setting up more then One Host/Site over Single Server, this is called Virtual

Hosting.

Virtual Hosting can be of 2 type's:

1) Name Based Virtual Hosting

2) IP Based Virtual Hosting

1) Name Based Virtual Hosting : Running multiple virtual hosts over a Single IP iscalled Name Based Virtual Hosting.

2) IP Based Virtual Hosting : When a Server is having multiple IP's and per IP is

having it's own Virtual Host is called IP Based Virtual Hosting.

How to Setup Name Based Virtual Hosting and IP Based Virtual Hosting?

Name Based Virtual Host :

edit /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf

Listen 192.168.1.1:80
http://apache-error.blogspot.in/2011/03/apache-virtual-hosting.htmlhttp://apache-error.blogspot.in/2011/03/install-apache-module-without-re.htmlhttp://www.blogger.com/email-post.g?blogID=783712521471379179&postID=6621269460012177541http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=783712521471379179&postID=6621269460012177541http://apache-error.blogspot.in/2011/03/install-apache-module-without-re.htmlhttps://plus.google.com/113701026524170699917http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_HTTP_status_codeshttp://apache-error.blogspot.in/2011/12/http-status-codes.htmlhttp://www.blogger.com/email-post.g?blogID=783712521471379179&postID=5253450366620154039http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=783712521471379179&postID=5253450366620154039http://apache-error.blogspot.in/2011/12/http-status-codes.htmlhttps://plus.google.com/113701026524170699917http://www.blogger.com/email-post.g?blogID=783712521471379179&postID=8640862256947835287http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=783712521471379179&postID=8640862256947835287http://apache-error.blogspot.in/2011/12/apache-questions.htmlhttps://plus.google.com/113701026524170699917


7/8



NameVirtualHost 192.168..1.1:80

VirtualHost 192.168..1.1:80

ServerName localhost

ServerAlias localhost.localdomain

DocumentRoot /var/www/html

Directory /var/ww w/html

AllowOverride None

Options -Indexes -FollowSymLinks

Order allow, deny

Allow from All

/Directory

CustomLog logs/localhost_access.log common

ErrorLog logs/localhost_error.log

/VirtualHost


ServerName fistsite.com

ServerAlias www.firstsite.com

DocumentRoot /var/www/html/firstsite

Directory /var/www/html/firstsite

AllowOverride None


Order allow, deny

Allow from All

/Directory

CustomLog logs/firstsite_access.log common

ErrorLog logs/firstsite_error.log

/VirtualHost

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

IP Based Virtual Host:

edit /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf

Listen 192.168.1.1:80

Listen 192.168.1.2:80


ServerName localhost

ServerAlias localhost.localdomain

DocumentRoot /var/www/html

Directory /var/ww w/html

AllowOverride None


Order allow, deny

Allow from All

/Directory

CustomLog logs/localhost_access.log common

ErrorLog logs/localhost_error.log/VirtualHost


ServerName fistsite.com

ServerAlias www.firstsite.com

DocumentRoot /var/www/html/firstsite

Directory /var/www/html/firstsite

AllowOverride None


Order allow, deny

Allow from All

/Directory

CustomLog logs/firstsite_access.log common


8/8



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Posted by Manoj Kumarat 2:41 AM 1 comment:

ErrorLog logs/firstsite_error.log

/VirtualHost


ServerName second.com

ServerAlias www.second.com

DocumentRoot /var/www/html/second

Directory/var/w ww/html/second

AllowOverride None


Order allow, denyAllow from All

/Directory

CustomLog logs/second_access.log common

ErrorLog logs/second_error.log

/VirtualHost

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