weathering erosion glaciers - weebly

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What is weathering? Weathering – the breakdown of rock material through chemical and physical processes Physical – when a rock is broken down into smaller pieces by temperature changes, pressure changes, plants, animals, wind, water and ice. Chemical – when a rock is broken down into smaller pieces by chemical reactions with oxygen and acids What kinds of landforms does weathering create? Without weathering, we would not have soil (we would just have lots and lots of really big rocks). Physical weathering – creates soil, smaller rocks, etc. Chemical weathering – creates caves and causes rocks with iron to rust. What is erosion? Erosion – when sediment is moved from one place to another With water Streams and rivers – o Creates canyons, valleys, floodplains Groundwater – o Creates caves and sinkholes Waves and Currents – o Creates beaches, seacliffs and sea caves With wind o Creates sand dunes, desert pavement With ice Glaciers move because of gravity (pushes them outward) As they move, they pick up materials. They keep moving and these materials cause abrasion. Abrasion when one thing is rubbed against another, causing it do get worn down Glacial drift – glaciers then deposit all of the things they had picked up over time. Continental glaciers – thick sheets of ice spread over large areas o Create smooth, flat landscapes o moraines – hills made of glacial till that is left over after a glacier leaves o kettle lakes when a hunk of ice is left or buried and creates a lake or pond Title: Weathering, Erosion and Glaciers – Minnesotan Landscapes Essential Vocabulary and Questions Key Information, Models and Definitions

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 What  is  weathering?  Weathering  –  the  breakdown  of  rock  material  through  chemical  and  physical  processes  

-­‐ Physical  –  when  a  rock  is  broken  down  into  smaller  pieces    by  temperature  changes,  pressure  changes,  plants,  animals,  wind,  water  and  ice.  

-­‐ Chemical  –  when  a  rock  is  broken  down  into  smaller  pieces  by    chemical  reactions  with  oxygen  and  acids  

 What  kinds  of  landforms  does  weathering  create?  

-­‐ Without  weathering,  we  would  not  have  soil  (we  would  just  have  lots  and  lots  of  really  big  rocks).  

-­‐ Physical  weathering  –  creates  soil,  smaller  rocks,  etc.  -­‐ Chemical  weathering  –  creates  caves  and  causes  rocks  with  

iron  to  rust.  What  is  erosion?  Erosion  –  when  sediment  is  moved  from  one  place  to  another  With  water    

-­‐ Streams  and  rivers  –    o Creates  canyons,  valleys,  floodplains  

-­‐ Groundwater  –    o Creates  caves  and  sinkholes  

-­‐ Waves  and  Currents  –  o Creates  beaches,  sea-­‐cliffs  and  sea  caves  

With  wind  o Creates  sand  dunes,  desert  pavement  

With  ice  -­‐ Glaciers  move  because  of  gravity  (pushes  them  outward)  -­‐ As  they  move,  they  pick  up  materials.  They  keep  moving  and  

these  materials  cause  abrasion.  -­‐ Abrasion  -­‐    when  one  thing  is  rubbed  against  another,  

causing  it  do  get  worn  down  -­‐  -­‐ Glacial  drift  –  glaciers  then  deposit  all  of  the  things  they  had  

picked  up  over  time.  -­‐ Continental  glaciers  –  thick  sheets  of  ice  spread  over  large  

areas  o Create  smooth,  flat  landscapes  o moraines  –  hills  made  of  glacial  till  that  is  left  over  

after  a  glacier  leaves  o kettle  lakes  -­‐    when  a  hunk  of  ice  is  left  or  buried  and  

creates  a  lake  or  pond  

Title:    Weathering,  Erosion  and  Glaciers  –  Minnesotan  Landscapes  

Essential  Vocabulary  and  Questions  

Key  Information,  Models  and  Definitions  

   What  causes  a  glacier  to  form?  

-­‐ If  temperatures  are  cold  enough  for  snow  to  fall  and  then  stick  around  the  following  year,  it  will  begin  to  build  up  over  time.  

-­‐ Once  enough  snow  is  built  up,  the  snow  at  the  bottom  will  start  to  get  compressed  into  ice.  

-­‐ As  the  glacier  continues  to  grow,  it  begins  to  push  out  into  open  spaces  (like  Minnesota).    

   How  have  Minnesotan  landscapes  been  changed  by  weathering,  erosion  and  glaciers?    

1) Canadian  Shield  (NE)  a. Very  old  (545  million  to  2.5  billion  years  old)  

bedrock  that  was  the  first  part  of  the  “baby”  North  American  Continent  

b. Erosion  from  the  last  glacier  has  exposed  a  great  amount  of  this  ancient  rock  

2) Itasca  Moraines  (N-­  Central)  a. When  one  of  the  last  glaciers  left  Minnesota,  it  

deposited  a  great  amount  of  sediment  in  and  around  Itasca  State  Park  

b. The  hills  and  lakes  that  you  will  find  in  this  region  are  moraines  and  kettles  

3) Glacial  Lake  Agassiz  (NW)  a. As  the  glacier  melted  overtime,  water  became  

dammed  up  behind  ice  and  debris  left  from  the  glacier  

b. This  created  a  lake  that  was  one  of  the  largest  glacial  lakes  of  our  continent  

c. When  it  drained,  it  left  behind  a  low,  flat  area  4) Caves  and  Sinkholes  of  the  “Driftless”  area  (SE)  

a. Rain  is  slightly  acidic,  so  when  it  comes  in  contact  with  calcium  carbonate,  it  erodes  it  (chemically).  

b. Often,  this  will  cause  areas  underground  to  open  up  (creating  caves)  

c. When  it  can  no  longer  support  the  ground  above  it,  it  collapses  into  a  sinkhole.  

   

Essential  Vocabulary  and  Questions  

Title:    Weathering,  Erosion  and  Glaciers  –  Minnesotan  Landscapes