weathering and soil
DESCRIPTION
Pearson 6th Earth ScienceTRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Weathering And Soil](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052619/55622a22d8b42af6668b50b7/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
WEATHERING WEATHERING and SOILand SOIL
![Page 2: Weathering And Soil](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052619/55622a22d8b42af6668b50b7/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
1. _____________ - the process that breaks rocks down into smaller and smaller fragments.
2. _________- carrying pieces away
3. _______________- the principle that states that processes operate the same as they did in the past
4. -weathering;
breaking into pieces caused by freezing and thawing
Weathering
mechanical
erosionuniformitarianism
![Page 3: Weathering And Soil](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052619/55622a22d8b42af6668b50b7/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
A.______________- water freezes in cracks and expands
Ice wedging
![Page 4: Weathering And Soil](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052619/55622a22d8b42af6668b50b7/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
B. ____________ - roots grow under and into other materialsC.____________-digging can expose new rock surfaces to weathering
Plants
Animals
![Page 5: Weathering And Soil](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052619/55622a22d8b42af6668b50b7/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Vegetation growing in Joints
![Page 6: Weathering And Soil](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052619/55622a22d8b42af6668b50b7/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
D. __________-rubbing or pulling due to __________, ___________, or _______
abrasion
gravity, running water wind
![Page 7: Weathering And Soil](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052619/55622a22d8b42af6668b50b7/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
E.________________- peeling action of weather rocks.
exfoliation
![Page 8: Weathering And Soil](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052619/55622a22d8b42af6668b50b7/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
This is a picture of the Half
Dome. The rock is peeling away
from the mountain in
layers just like an onion. This is exfoliation.
![Page 9: Weathering And Soil](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052619/55622a22d8b42af6668b50b7/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
5. ________ weathering; process that causes chemical changes to occur ;
caused by the action of water, oxygen, CO², living organisms and acid rain
chemical
![Page 10: Weathering And Soil](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052619/55622a22d8b42af6668b50b7/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
A.______________- carbonic acid
(carbon dioxide and water) react
with rock to form new substances.
CarbonationCarbonation
![Page 11: Weathering And Soil](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052619/55622a22d8b42af6668b50b7/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
B. _________- oxygen combines with metallic materials (such as iron) to form rust.
oxidation
![Page 12: Weathering And Soil](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052619/55622a22d8b42af6668b50b7/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
C. ______________- organisms that break down the remains of dead organisms (fungi, bacteria, worms)
decomposers
![Page 13: Weathering And Soil](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052619/55622a22d8b42af6668b50b7/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
permeability6. ___________ rocks with a _______ density; many spaces
low
![Page 14: Weathering And Soil](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052619/55622a22d8b42af6668b50b7/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
impermeability7.________________rocks with a ____ density; tightly packed high
![Page 15: Weathering And Soil](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052619/55622a22d8b42af6668b50b7/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Look at the 2 examples of WEATHERING
Chemical
Mechanical
Are these mechanical
or chemical?
![Page 16: Weathering And Soil](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052619/55622a22d8b42af6668b50b7/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
8. Rates of weatheringA._____________- eventually break down.
All rocks
![Page 17: Weathering And Soil](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052619/55622a22d8b42af6668b50b7/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
B. _________- rocks decompose ______ if they crystallize fast. (Ex. Marble will decompose faster than granite).
Igneousfaster
![Page 18: Weathering And Soil](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052619/55622a22d8b42af6668b50b7/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
C. Sedimentary rocks decompose faster in _______ climates.humid
![Page 19: Weathering And Soil](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052619/55622a22d8b42af6668b50b7/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
D. __________and ____________
speed up chemical weathering.
Heat moisture
![Page 20: Weathering And Soil](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052619/55622a22d8b42af6668b50b7/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
E. _____________and __________ speed up mechanical weathering.
Freezing thawing
![Page 21: Weathering And Soil](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052619/55622a22d8b42af6668b50b7/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
9. mixture of weathered rock, decayed organic matter, mineral fragments, water, and air.
10. Factors that affect soil formation
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
soil-
ClimateSlope of landType of rockTypes of vegetationAmount of time rock has been weathered
![Page 22: Weathering And Soil](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052619/55622a22d8b42af6668b50b7/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
11. __________- layer of solid rock beneath the soil layers
bedrock
![Page 23: Weathering And Soil](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052619/55622a22d8b42af6668b50b7/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
12._______ - decayed organic matter.humus
![Page 24: Weathering And Soil](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052619/55622a22d8b42af6668b50b7/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
13.- ______________
differentlayers of soil.
soilhorizon
14. _____
_______ -
vertical layering of all soil horizons.
soilprofile
topsoil
subsoil
![Page 25: Weathering And Soil](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052619/55622a22d8b42af6668b50b7/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
![Page 26: Weathering And Soil](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052619/55622a22d8b42af6668b50b7/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
15. ____- soil made up of equal parts of clay, sand, and silt; great for growing plants
loam
![Page 27: Weathering And Soil](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052619/55622a22d8b42af6668b50b7/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
16. Causes of erosion
A. ___________
B. ___________________
slopeagricultural cultivation
![Page 28: Weathering And Soil](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052619/55622a22d8b42af6668b50b7/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
C. __________________ -the removal of plants, trees, etc. for lumber, farming and grazing.
deforestation
![Page 29: Weathering And Soil](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052619/55622a22d8b42af6668b50b7/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
D. ______________Overgrazing
![Page 30: Weathering And Soil](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052619/55622a22d8b42af6668b50b7/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
E. _____________________Urban construction
![Page 31: Weathering And Soil](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052619/55622a22d8b42af6668b50b7/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
![Page 32: Weathering And Soil](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052619/55622a22d8b42af6668b50b7/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
A. ______________ - cultivating sideways rows on a hill.
contour plowing
![Page 33: Weathering And Soil](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052619/55622a22d8b42af6668b50b7/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
B. _________ - buildingstep-like levels on a hill.
terracing
![Page 34: Weathering And Soil](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052619/55622a22d8b42af6668b50b7/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
C._____________and
____________-planting different crops in different places each year.
strip croppingcrop rotation
![Page 35: Weathering And Soil](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052619/55622a22d8b42af6668b50b7/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
D. ______________ -
planting trees to block the wind.
shelter belt
![Page 36: Weathering And Soil](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052619/55622a22d8b42af6668b50b7/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
E. _____________ ____________-not allowing animals to eat too much of any one pasture area.F.__________________- leaving plant stalks to be tilled under in the spring when planting.
Proper grazing management
No till-farming
![Page 37: Weathering And Soil](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052619/55622a22d8b42af6668b50b7/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
G. Use of _____, ____________, _____, _________ or ____________ to slow erosion.H.____________- planting trees on barren areas
mulch concrete wallsstone wood mats plastic coverings
reforestation
![Page 38: Weathering And Soil](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052619/55622a22d8b42af6668b50b7/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
18._____________ - soil is damaged from little or no rainfall causing desert-like conditions.
desertification
![Page 39: Weathering And Soil](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052619/55622a22d8b42af6668b50b7/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
![Page 40: Weathering And Soil](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052619/55622a22d8b42af6668b50b7/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
19. ___________- area of the Midwest where in the 1930’s the soil was ruined by poor farming techniques
Dust Bowl
![Page 41: Weathering And Soil](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052619/55622a22d8b42af6668b50b7/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
20. ________- water soaks into lower soil horizons
leaching
![Page 42: Weathering And Soil](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052619/55622a22d8b42af6668b50b7/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
![Page 43: Weathering And Soil](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052619/55622a22d8b42af6668b50b7/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)