WEATHER RESEARCH AND FORECASTING (WRF) MODELING

SYSTEM

(ASL 410)

Steps to be done

Download the meteorological data

Install WRF model and initialize for model run

WRF Pre-processing (WPS)

WRF model run

WRF post-processing

Visualize the output of WRF post-processing using GrADS

Download weather observations and compare your model results by time-series plot.

Web address for meteorological data download:

http://dss.ucar.edu/dsszone/ds083.2/

You have to fill up these information to complete the registration(It will take around 24hr to activate your user account)

After login to your user account you will see the webpage like below

Type FNL inside the box

Click on the 1st link for 1ox1o

resolution FNL data for WRF-ARW model

Click on this link for data access

Click on the year you want to download data

Select by clicking on the month you want to download data

Select the latest 24hr databy clicking

on the boxes on the left side

you want to download data

Finaly click on this box fordownloading

the data sets as tar file

Click on this box fordownloading

the data sets as tar file into your PC

Now transfer these data sets into CAS server (10.24.15.1) by using FTP

WHAT IS WRF?• WRF: Weather Research and Forecasting

Model– Now with Advanced Research WRF (ARW)

and Non-hydrostatic mesoscale model(NMM) dynamic components

• Its development is led by NCAR/MMM,NOAA/GSD and NOAA/NCEP/EMC withpartnerships at AFWA, FAA, NRL andcollaborations with universities and othergovernment agencies

• Includes research and operational models

WHAT CAN WRF BE USED FOR?

• Idealized simulations at many scales (e.g. convection, baroclinic waves, large eddy simulations)

• Atmospheric physics/parameterization research

• Data assimilation research• Case-study research• Real-time NWP and forecast system research• Regional climate and seasonal time-scale

research• Coupled-model (e.g. ocean, chemistry)

applications• Teaching

WHO USES WRF?

• Academic atmospheric scientists• Forecast teams at operational

centers• Air Quality scientists• Others

WPSWRF ModelARW/NMM

Postprocessing

Real data: NAM, GFS,RUC, NRRP

AGRMET (Soil)

WRF Terrestial data

Real dataInitialization

WRF-VAR

Ideal 3D:Suppercell,

Baroclinic wavesIdeal 2D:

Squall line

RIP4

WPP (GrADS, GEMPAK)

NCL

ARWPost(GrADS,Vis 5D)

WRF modeling system flowchart

DIFFERENT COMPONENTS OF WPS

Download and Building WRF codeGet the WRF zipped tar file of WRFV3.1.1 and WPSV3.1.1 from

http://www.mmm.ucar.edu/wrf/users/download/get_source.html

(No need to download, It is provided at a common location in the server for your use)

How to access the Server from outside CAS LAN:

I.P. address : 10.24.15.1

First login to IIT server 10.7.10.71 using Putty

then access to 10.24.15.1 by using the following commandssh –X username@10.24.15.1

password: (type ur password)

Usernames: grp1, grp2, grp3, …, grp20

Passwd: iitdelhi (same for all)

Path to access the WRF Tarfiles

All tar files are available inside your user account

WPSV3.1.1.TAR.gz WRFV3.1.1.TAR.gz ARWpostV2.2.tar.gz

You can also download the Meteorological data from the below link

http://dss.ucar.edu/dsszone/ds083.2/

WRF should be install first before WPS

You can download the WRF-ARW user’s guide from the linkhttp://www.mmm.ucar.edu/wrf/users/docs/user_guide_V3/contents.html

Unzip and untar the downloaded tar file type the following command

$gunzip WRFV3.1.1.TAR.gz and then

$tar –xvf WRFV3.1.1.TAR (It will create a directory WRFV3/ )

$cd WRFV3 ( you will see the following top level directories)

arch/ configure* dyn_exp/ frame/ inc/ Makefile share/ clean* dyn_nmm/ inc/ hys/ Registry test/ compile* main/ dyn_em/ external/ run/tools/ README README_test_cases README.rsl_output

Then configure and compile the WRF model

Before configure and compile the WRF model you have to set the paths of compilers and libraries inside .bashrc file

vi .bashrc (it will open the bashrc file and edit accordingly and save it)

Set PATH for required bin and lib directories

PATH=/usr/bin:/opt/NETCDF/intel_NETCDF/bin:…:$PATH (here you have to set the path to bin files of all libraries and compilers)

LD_LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/lib:/usr/lib:/usr/local/lib:/opt/NETCDF/intel_NETCDF/lib:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH (here you have to set the path to library files of all libraries and compilers)

INCLUDE=/usr/include:/opt/mpich2_intel/include:/usr/local/include:/opt/NETCDF/intel_NETCDF/include::/opt/intel/fce/10.0.026/lib:$INCLUDE (here you have to set the path to include files of all libraries and compilers)

export WRF_EM_CORE=1

export WRF_NMM_CORE=0

Export NETCDF=/opt/NETCDF/intel_NETCDF (the most important library required to run WRF model)

./configure (It will ask to enter one from the following option)

Please select from among the following supported platforms.

1. Linux x86_64, PGI compiler with gcc (serial)2. Linux x86_64, PGI compiler with gcc (smpar)3. Linux x86_64, PGI compiler with gcc (dmpar)4. Linux x86_64, PGI compiler with gcc (dm+sm)5. Linux x86_64 i486 i586 i686, ifort compiler with icc (serial)6. Linux x86_64 i486 i586 i686, ifort compiler with icc (smpar)7. Linux x86_64 i486 i586 i686, ifort compiler with icc (dmpar)8. Linux x86_64 i486 i586 i686, ifort compiler with icc (dm+sm)9. Linux i486 i586 i686 x86_64, PathScale compiler with pathcc (serial)10. Linux i486 i586 i686 x86_64, PathScale compiler with pathcc (dmpar)11. x86_64 Linux, gfortran compiler with gcc (serial)12. x86_64 Linux, gfortran compiler with gcc (smpar)13. x86_64 Linux, gfortran compiler with gcc (dmpar)14. x86_64 Linux, gfortran compiler with gcc (dm+sm)

Compile for nesting? (0=no nesting, 1=basic, 2=preset moves, 3=vortex following) [default 0]: 0 (choose 0)

Compile WRF for real case$./compile em_real >& compile.log &

(To see the background process type the command $ tail –f compile.log )

$ ls -ls main/*.exe (check this command after compilation)if you are compiling for a real-data case, you should see

ndown.exe, real.exe, and wrf.exe inside the main/ directory after the successful compilation.

Building WPS Codegunzip WPSV3.1.1.TAR.gztar –xvf WPSV3.1.1.TAR (It will untar and create a directory WPS/ )cd WPSConfigure and compile WPS

$ ./configurePlease select one among the following supported platforms.

1. PC Linux x86_64, Intel compiler serial, NO GRIB22. PC Linux x86_64, Intel compiler serial3. PC Linux x86_64, Intel compiler DM parallel, NO GRIB24. PC Linux x86_64, Intel compiler DM parallel5. PC Linux x86_64 (IA64 and Opteron), PGI compiler 5.2 or higher, serial, NO

GRIB26. PC Linux x86_64 (IA64 and Opteron), PGI compiler 5.2 or higher, serial7. Cray XT Linux x86_64 (IA64 and Opteron), PGI compiler 5.2 or higher, DM

parallel, NO GRIB28. PC Linux x86_64 (IA64 and Opteron), PGI compiler 5.2 or higher, DM parallel,

NO GRIB29. PC Linux x86_64 (IA64 and Opteron), PGI compiler 5.2 or higher, DM parallel10. PC Linux x86_64 (IA64 and Opteron), PathScale compiler 2.1 or higher, serial,

NO GRIB211. PC Linux x86_64 (IA64 and Opteron), PathScale compiler 2.1 or higher, DM

parallel, NO GRIB2

$ ./compile >& compile.log & $ ls -l *.exe (type this command after compilation)

you should see geogrid.exe, ungrib.exe, and metgrid.exe files for a successful compilation

&sharewrf_core = 'ARW',max_dom = 1, (for single domain: only edit 1st column)start_date = '2011-11-09_00:00:00','2006-08-16_12:00:00', end_date = '2011-11-10_00:00:00','2006-08-16_12:00:00',interval_seconds = 21600 (Boundary conditions supplied time interval (sec)

to the model)io_form_geogrid = 2,/&geogridparent_id = 1, 1,parent_grid_ratio = 1, 3,i_parent_start = 1, 31,j_parent_start = 1, 17,e_we = 130, 112, (No. of grid points in WE direction)e_sn = 120, 97, (No. of grid points in SN direction)geog_data_res = ‘10m','2m', (geographical data resolution)dx = 27000, (Horizontal grid resolution (m) in WE direction)dy = 27000, (Horizontal grid resolution (m) in SN direction)

namelist.wps: parameters setting for WRF preprocessor (WPS)

Change the dates according your case

map_proj = 'mercator',ref_lat = 16.4, Central latituderef_lon = 81.3, Central longitudetruelat1 = 16.4,truelat2 = 0.0,stand_lon = 81.3,geog_data_path = '/usr/geog‘ (Path of geographical data set)

/

&ungribout_format = 'WPS',prefix = 'FILE',/

&metgridfg_name = 'FILE'io_form_metgrid = 2,

Continue…

Horizontal map-coordinate options

1. Lambert Conformal:

Mid-latitude applications

2. Polar Stereographic:

High-latitude applications

3. Mercator:

Low-latitude applications

WRF ARW Initialization for Real Data

real.exe

wrf.exe

Wrfinput_d01

Wrfbdy_d01

WPS output (met_em.d01)

geogrid.exe

metgrid.exe

geo_em.d01.nc

ungrib.exe

Setup the Vtable for GFS data set$ln -s ungrib/Variable_Tables/Vtable.GFS Vtable

Setup the path for the meteorological data$./link_grib.csh /shome/useraccount/FNL-data/fnl*

FILE:yyyy-mm-dd_hh met_em.d01.yyyy-mm-dd_hh:mm:ss.nc

wrfout_d01_yyyy-mm-dd_hh:mm:ss

/WRFV3/test/em_real

/WPS

Example for a single domain run: max_dom=1

&time_controlrun_days = 0,run_hours = 24,run_minutes = 0,run_seconds = 0,start_year = 2011, 2010, 2010,start_month = 11, 01, 01,start_day = 09, 24, 24,start_hour = 00, 00, 00,start_minute = 00, 00, 00,start_second = 00, 00, 00,end_year = 2011, 2010, 2010,end_month = 11, 01, 01,end_day = 10, 25, 25,end_hour = 00, 00, 00,end_minute = 00, 00, 00,end_second = 00, 00, 00,interval_seconds = 21600input_from_file = .true.,.true.,.true.,history_interval = 180, 180, 60,frames_per_outfile = 1000, 1000, 1000,restart = .false.,restart_interval = 5000,io_form_history = 2

namelist.input: parameters setting for WRF model run

Example for a nested run: max_dom=1&domainstime_step = 162, (6*dx(km))sectime_step_fract_num = 0,time_step_fract_den = 1,max_dom = 1,s_we = 1, 1, 1,e_we = 130, 112, 94,s_sn = 1, 1, 1,e_sn = 120, 97, 91,s_vert = 1, 1, 1,e_vert = 28, 28, 28,dx = 27000, 10000, 3333,dy = 27000, 10000, 3333,grid_id = 1, 2, 3,parent_id = 0, 1, 2,i_parent_start = 0, 31, 30,j_parent_start = 0, 17, 30,parent_grid_ratio = 1, 3, 3,parent_time_step_ratio = 1, 3, 3,feedback = 1,smooth_option = 0

&physicsmp_physics = 4, 5, 5, 5, Micro_physicsra_lw_physics = 1, 1, 1, 1,ra_sw_physics = 1, 1, 1, 1,radt = 10, 10, 10, 10,sf_sfclay_physics = 5, 1, 1, 1,sf_surface_physics = 2, 1, 1, 1,bl_pbl_physics = 5, 1, 1, 1,bldt = 0, 0, 0, 0,cu_physics = 3, 3, 0, 0, Cumulus schemecudt = 5, 5, 5, 5,isfflx = 1,ifsnow = 0,icloud = 1,surface_input_source = 1,num_soil_layers = 4,sf_urban_physics = 0,maxiens = 1,maxens = 3,maxens2 = 3,maxens3 = 16,ensdim = 144,

WRF ParameterizationsMicrophysics (mp_physics)

Kessler scheme: This is used for idealized cloud modeling studies. Warm-rain only no ice (mp_physics=1).

Lin et al. scheme: A sophisticated scheme that has ice, snow and graupel processes,

suitable for real-data high-resolution simulations (2).

WSM 3-class scheme: A simple efficient scheme with ice and snow processes suitable for mesoscale grid sizes (3).

WSM-5 class scheme: A slightly more sophisticated version of WSM-3 that allows for mixed-phase processes and super-cooled water (mp_physics=4).

Ferrier (New Eta) scheme: The operational microphysics in NCEP models. A simple efficient scheme with diagnostic mixed-phase processes (5).

WSM 6-class scheme: A scheme with ice, snow and graupel processes suitable for high-resolution simulations (6).

Goddard microphysics scheme: A scheme with ice, snow and graupel processes suitable for high-resolution simulations (7).

Thompson et al. graupel scheme: 6-class microphysics with graupel, ice number concentration also predicted (8).

Cumulus scheme (cu_physics):

Kain-Fritsch scheme: Deep and shallow convection sub-grid schemeusing a mass flux approach with downdrafts and CAPE removal timescale (cu_physics = 1).

Betts-Miller-Janjic scheme: Operational Eta scheme. Column moistadjustment scheme relaxing towards a well-mixed profile (2).

Grell-Devenyi ensemble scheme: Multiple-parameter, explicitupdrafts/downdrafts (cu_physics = 3).

WRF-Postprocessor-ARWpost

ARWpost is the module used in WRF for post-processing the model output

-- Necessary software required- GrADS

First You have to install GrADS for running ARWpost module

unzip and untar the tar file located at

/tmp/WRF

cd ARWpost

./configurePlease select from among the following supported platforms.

1. PC Linux i486 i586 i686 x86_64, PGI compiler (no vis5d)2. PC Linux i486 i586 i686 x86_64, PGI compiler (vis5d)3. PC Linux i486 i586 i686 x86_64, Intel compiler (no vis5d)4. PC Linux i486 i586 i686 x86_64, Intel compiler (vis5d)5. PC Linux i486 i586 i686 x86_64, gfortran compiler (no vis5d)6. PC Linux i486 i586 i686 x86_64, gfortran compiler (vis5d)

Enter selection [1-6] : 3

After configuration check the configure.arwp file and edit the path for WRFV3

./compile

After successful compilation it will create the execution file under /src directory

/src/ARWpost.exe

Afer that you have to edit the namelist.ARWpost file for running ARWpost

$vi namelist.ARWpost&datetimestart_date = '2011-11-09_00:00:00',end_date = '2011-11-10_00:00:00',interval_seconds = 3600,tacc = 180,debug_level = 0,/

&ioio_form_input = 2,input_root_name = './wrfout_d01_2011-11-09_00:00:00‘ (path to input file)output_root_name = './Expt-2011‘ (output file name)plot = 'all_list'fields = 'height,pressure,tk,tc,theta,td,td2,rh,rh2,umet,vmet,pressure,u10m,v10m,

wdir,wspd,wd10,ws10,slp,mcape,mcin,lcl,lfc,cape,cin,dbz,max_dbz,clfr'output_type = 'grads'mercator_defs = .true./split_output = .true.frames_per_outfile = 2

output_type = 'grads'output_type = 'v5d'

plot = 'all'plot = 'list'plot = 'all_list'! Below is a list of all available diagnosticsfields = 'height,geopt,theta,tc,tk,td,td2,rh,rh2,umet,vmet,pressure,u10m,v10m,

wdir,wspd, wd10,ws10,slp,mcape,mcin,lcl,lfc,cape,cin,dbz,max_dbz,clfr'

&interpinterp_method = 1,interp_levels = 1000.,990.,980.,970.,960.,950.,900.,850.,800.,750.,700.,

650.,600.,550.,500.,450.,400.,350.,300.,250.,200.,150.,100.,/extrapolate = .true.

interp_method = 0, ! 0 is model levels, -1 is nice height levels, 1 is user specified pressure/height

interp_levels = 1000.,950.,900.,850.,800.,750.,700.,650.,600.,550.,500.,450.,400.,350.,300.,250.,200.,150.,100.,interp_levels = 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, 1.00, 2.00, 3.00, 4.00, 5.00, 6.00, 7.00, 8.00, 9.00, 10.0, 11.0, 12.0, 13.0, 14.0, 15.0, 16.0, 17.0, 18.0, 19.0, 20.0,

After successful edit the namelist.ARWpost you have to run./ARWpost.exe

It will create the following filesoutput_file_name.ctloutput_file_name.dat

Now you can visualize the output file using GrADS software

Type the following commands

$ grads (It will open the graphics window)

$ open output_file_name.ctl (it will open the ctl file)

$ q file (It will show the list of variables in the file)

$ set t 3 (Set the time to display the variable at that time)

$ d (variable name) (choose the variable to display)

ga-> open 20100820-d3-CTRL3hrly-ThGD.ctlScanning description file: 20100820-d3-CTRL3hrly-ThGD.ctlData file 20100820-d3-CTRL3hrly-ThGD.dat is open as file 1LON set to 75.5019 78.3419LAT set to 27.1023 29.5257LEV set to 1000 1000Time values set: 2010:8:20:0 2010:8:20:0E set to 1 1ga-> set lat 28.5LAT set to 28.512 28.512ga-> set lon 77.2LON set to 77.2117 77.2117ga-> set t 1 9Time values set: 2010:8:20:0 2010:8:21:0ga-> d t2-273.15ga-> draw ylab Temperature (deg C)ga-> draw xlab Time (UTC)ga-> draw title 24hr-temperature2m-Delhiga->

Station/city Latitude and longitude (Delhi)

Output file (*.ctl)

Command to extract ASCII data to compare with observation data

ga-> set gxout printga-> set prnopts %g 1ga-> set lat 28.5LAT set to 28.512 28.512ga-> set lon 77.2LON set to 77.2117 77.2117ga-> set t 1 9 (set time from 1 to 9 )Time values set: 2010:8:20:0 2010:8:21:0 ga-> d t2-273.15Printing Grid -- 9 Values -- Undef = -9.99e+0826.0597 (00UTC 20 Aug)27.3945 (03UTC)30.3203 (06UTC)31.9206 (09UTC)30.2627 (12UTC)28.1149 (15UTC)26.683 (18UTC)25.9813 (21UTC)25.4863 (00UTC 21 Aug)ga->

time set from 00UTC 20th Aug to 00UTC 21st Aug 2010

To display temperature at 2m in deg Celsius

Copy these data to MS-Excel (or any data analysis software) to compare with your observations by time series plot

ga-> set lat 28.5LAT set to 28.512 28.512ga-> set lon 77.2LON set to 77.2117 77.2117ga-> set t 1 9Time values set: 2010:8:20:0 2010:8:21:0ga-> set gxout printga-> set prnopts %g 1ga-> d rh2Printing Grid -- 9 Values -- Undef = -9.99e+0899.536392.143877.311569.628478.308485.906790.726695.935497.394

To display relative humidity at 2m (%)

ga-> set lat 28.5LAT set to 28.512 28.512ga-> set lon 77.2LON set to 77.2117 77.2117ga-> set t 1 9Time values set: 2010:8:20:0 2010:8:21:0ga-> set gxout printga-> set prnopts %g 1ga-> d ws10Printing Grid -- 9 Values -- Undef = -9.99e+080.6914025.143162.461892.58870.7787852.429211.926131.180711.1243

To display wind speed at 10m (m/sec)

ga-> set lat 28.5LAT set to 28.512 28.512ga-> set lon 77.2LON set to 77.2117 77.2117ga-> set t 1 9Time values set: 2010:8:20:0 2010:8:21:0ga-> set gxout printga-> set prnopts %g 1ga-> d td2Printing Grid -- 9 Values -- Undef = -9.99e+0825.959925.984925.887125.661426.047725.512925.018925.260225.0199

To display dewpoint temperature at 2m (deg Celsius)

ga-> set lat 28.5LAT set to 28.512 28.512ga-> set lon 77.2LON set to 77.2117 77.2117ga-> set t 1 9Time values set: 2010:8:20:0 2010:8:21:0ga-> set gxout printga-> set prnopts %g 1ga-> d slpPrinting Grid -- 9 Values -- Undef = -9.99e+081003.891005.011005.781003.971002.551003.061003.751003.331002.97

To display sea level pressure (hPa)

Download weather Observation for model comparison

Website for downloading weather observation for model comparison

http://www.wunderground.com/history/

Select local weather and then enter the location/city name for weather data to compare with your model simulation.

Collect the 3hrly weather data for your model comparison

Time-series wind speed-10m at Delhi (00UTC_20th to 00UTC_22nd Aug 2010)

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0.5

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Time series-Relative humidity at 2m-Delhi ((00UTC_20th to 00UTC_22nd Aug 2010)

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00UTC 03UTC 06UTC 09UTC 12UTC 15UTC 18UTC 21UTC 24UTC 27UTC 30UTC 33UTC 36UTC 39UTC 42UTC 45UTC 48UTC

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OBSFeGDLnGDThGDWSM5GD