weather & climate
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Weather & Climate. Mr. Skirbst Life Science Topic 20. Weather. Weather. The condition of the atmosphere in terms of heat , pressure , wind , and moisture. Atmosphere. - Mixture of gases surrounding the Earth. Atmosphere. - Mixture of gases surrounding the Earth - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Weather & Climate
Mr. SkirbstLife Science
Topic 20
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Weather
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Weather
The condition of the atmosphere in terms of heat, pressure, wind, and moisture
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Atmosphere- Mixture of gases surrounding the Earth
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Atmosphere- Mixture of gases surrounding the Earth- Four (4) distinct layers in the atmosphere
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4 Layers of Atmosphere
Troposphere – (0 to 16 km)- lowest layer where most weather takes place- av. Temp. decreases- Tropopause is top boundary
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4 Layers of Atmosphere
Stratosphere – (16 – 48 km)- Ozone layer absorbs UV light- Av. Temp. increases- Stratopause is top boundary
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4 Layers of Atmosphere
Mesosphere – (48 – 80 km)- Protects us from meteoroids- Av. Temp. decreases (-100oC)- Mesopause is top boundary
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4 Layers of AtmosphereThermosphere– (80 - 3200 km)
- Av. Temp. increases (>2000oC)- Lower layer – Ionosphere
- bounces radio signals- Upper layer – Exosphere
- satellites orbit here
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Heat Energy-The sun is the sources of most of the heat in the atmosphere
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Heat Energy-The sun is the sources of most of the heat in the atmosphere- Heat is spread in 3 ways:
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Heat Energy-The sun is the sources of most of the heat in the atmosphere- Heat is spread in 3 ways:
1. Radiation – transfer by waves
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Heat Energy-The sun is the sources of most of the heat in the atmosphere- Heat is spread in 3 ways:
1. Radiation – transfer by waves2. Conduction – by contact
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Heat Energy-The sun is the sources of most of the heat in the atmosphere- Heat is spread in 3 ways:
1. Radiation – transfer by waves2. Conduction – by contact3. Convection – by fluid (air too)
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Heat Energy
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Heat Energy Greenhouse
Effect:
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Air Pressure- Force of atmosphere pushing
on the Earth’s surface- Depends on air’s density
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Air Pressure- Force of atmosphere pushing
on the Earth’s surface- Depends on air’s density- 3 factors affecting air pressure
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Air Pressure1. Temperature
- as temp increases,air pressure decreases
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Air Pressure2. Water Vapor
- moisture in air- as water vapor increases,air pressure decreases
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Air Pressure3. Altitude
- elevation above sea level- as altitude increases,air pressure decreases
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Wind
- Movement of air due to differences in air pressure resulting from unequal heating of the atmosphere
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Wind2 Types of wind:
1. Local Wind (short distances)
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Wind2 Types of wind:
1. Local Wind (short distances)Sea breeze – from sea to land
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Wind2 Types of wind:
1. Local Wind (short distances)Sea breeze – from sea to landLand breeze – from land to sea
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Wind2 Types of wind:
2. Global Wind (long distances)
Coriolis Effect – shift in movement above surface resulting from Earth’s spin
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WindCoriolis Effect:Northern Hemisphere –Shift is always to the RIGHT
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WindCoriolis Effect:Northern Hemisphere –Shift is always to the RIGHTSouthern Hemisphere –Shift is always to the LEFT
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WindCoriolis Effect:
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WindGlobal Wind Patterns:
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HumidityMoisture in the air (water vapor)
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HumidityMoisture in the air (water vapor)Relative Humidity – a measure
of the amount of moisture
% RH = moisture in airMoisture air can hold
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HumidityPsychrometer – instrument with
a dry and wet bulb used to measure relative humidity
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CloudsCollection of condensed
moisture in the air (moisture condenses to dust particles)
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Clouds3 Types of Clouds:
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Clouds3 Types of Clouds:1. Cumulus – white, tall and fluffy
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Clouds3 Types of Clouds:2. Stratus – grey, flat and layered
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Clouds3 Types of Clouds:3. Cirrus – feathery, high + wispy
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PrecipitationRainSnowSleetHailFreezing rainAcid Rain
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Weather ForcastingWeather map symbolsBuy’s Ballots LawOrographic Effect
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ClimateGeneral weather in an area over
a long period of time