weather chapter 1: section 1 the atmosphere weather is the condition of earth’s atmosphere at a...
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WeatherChapter 1: Section 1
The Atmosphere
Weather is the condition of Earth’s atmosphere at a particular place and time.
Atmosphere: layer of gases that surrounds the planet.
78% nitrogen21% oxygen1% other gases(CO2, argon)
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Air pressure: the force of a column of air pushing down on an area.
*measured with a barometer*decreases as altitude increases
Low pressure = rainy, cloudyHigh pressure = clear skies
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Air has mass, density, and pressure.
Warm air = less denseCool air = more dense
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Measuring Air Pressure
– Mercury barometer• (inches of mercury)
– Aneroid barometer• (millibars)
Barometers
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1013.2 mb = ________ inches
1022.8 mb = ________ inches
30.53 inches = ________ mb
29.81 inches = ________ mb
29.92
30.20
1034.0
1009.5
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Air Pressure
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Layers of the AtmosphereSection 4
Four layers based on changes in temperature.
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Troposphere: lowest layer where weather occurs.
WHY?*The only layer containing water*
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Stratosphere: has the ozone (O3) layer.
Mesosphere: coldest layer.
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Thermosphere: outer layer and is very hot.
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Earth’s Atmosphere
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Weather FactorsChapter 2
1. Energy: travels from the Sun to Earth by electromagnetic waves in the form of light, infrared radiation(heat), and ultraviolet radiation.
Energy is absorbed, reflected, and scattered by the atmosphere.
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A Green house
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Greenhouse Effect: is when heat is trapped by the gases in the atmosphere.
CO2 – burning fossil fuels increases amount.
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2. Heat: moves throughout the atmosphere by conduction, convection, and radiation affecting weather.
3. Wind: is a horizontal movement of air from high pressure to low pressure. Named by where they come from.
Anemometer: measures wind speed.
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Wind-chill factor: increased cooling caused by wind.
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Local Winds: caused by unequal heating of Earth’s surface within a small area.
Examples:
Sea breeze Land Breeze
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Global Winds: caused by movement of air between the equator and poles.
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4. Water: Water Cycle: is the movement of water between the atmosphere and Earth’s
surface.*causes= humidity, clouds, and precipitation.
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Humidity: amount of water vapor in the air.
Relative Humidity: % of vapor in the air compared to the maximum amount the air can hold at that temperature.
*Measured with a psychrometer
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Clouds: form when water condenses in the atmosphere when it cools.
Examples:
Cumulonimbus Cirrus
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Stratus Cumulus
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Precipitation: any form of water that falls from the sky.
Examples:Rain, sleet, snow, hail
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*measured with a rain gauge
*Acid rain: man made form of pollution*Natural pollutant: Pollen, volcanic ash
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Mountain Weather
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Weather w.s. # 6
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Weather PatternsChapter 3
Air Masses and Fronts:
Air masses are classified based on their temperature and humidity.Temperature: hot/cold
Humidity: moist/dry
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Tropical – warm = (T) Polar – cold = (P)
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Maritime – moist = (m)Continental – dry =(c)
Ex: mP air is ______ & ________moist
cold
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Fronts: Areas where air masses meet and do NOT mix.
1. Cold - violent weather at the front.
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2. Warm - rain ahead of front.
3. Stationary – neither air mass is strong enough to move the other.
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For all fronts, the direction of symbols tells you direction front is moving
4. Occluded – warm air trapped above and between two cold air masses.
southeast
northeast
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Quiz Time…
What type of front is at A?
A
cold
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StormsStorms: are a violent disturbance in Earth’s atmosphere.Thunderstorms: from cumulonimbus clouds.
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Tornadoes: are fast moving funnel shaped clouds.
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Hurricanes: are large tropical storms forming over warm water
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Isobars: show areas of equal air pressure.
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What is the barometric pressure at Z?
Z1012mb
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Lake Effect Snow