weather cells and weather systems of atmosphere
DESCRIPTION
Weather cells and weather systems occurring on earth surface. General description of each systemTRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Weather cells and weather systems of atmosphere](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061301/548eb6c8b47959c8558b45f3/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Weather cells & weather systems
![Page 2: Weather cells and weather systems of atmosphere](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061301/548eb6c8b47959c8558b45f3/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Jet Streams & History In the upper troposphere “rivers” of rapidly moving air circle
around the Earth.
First discovered in the 1920s by Wasaburo Ooishi.
In 1934, Wiley Postan American pilot.
1939 by a German meteorologist named H. Seilkopf when he used
it in a research paper
Knowledge of the jet stream increased during World War II while
flying between Europe and North America.
![Page 3: Weather cells and weather systems of atmosphere](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061301/548eb6c8b47959c8558b45f3/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Types of jet streams Polar jet streams
Sub tropical jet streams
150 – 500 km wide
0.9-2.2 km thick
Speeds may exceed 300 km/h
![Page 4: Weather cells and weather systems of atmosphere](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061301/548eb6c8b47959c8558b45f3/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Tropopauseheight
18 000 m
12 000 m
6 000 m
Discontinuity or step in tropopause height
“Rivers” of strong wind where cold and warm meet
Jet Stream Cross Section
See: www.avsim.com/avwx/avsim_wxus_jetstream.html
![Page 5: Weather cells and weather systems of atmosphere](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061301/548eb6c8b47959c8558b45f3/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Weather features associated
Jet streaks cause air to rise, lowering the air pressure at the
Earth's surface.
When surface pressures are low, the rising air can form clouds,
precipitation and storms.
![Page 6: Weather cells and weather systems of atmosphere](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061301/548eb6c8b47959c8558b45f3/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Jet streams & Indian monsoon
![Page 7: Weather cells and weather systems of atmosphere](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061301/548eb6c8b47959c8558b45f3/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Sub tropical jet during Summer seasons
![Page 8: Weather cells and weather systems of atmosphere](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061301/548eb6c8b47959c8558b45f3/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
1. Air Masses
2. Frontal Systems
3. Mid-latitude Cyclones
4. Thunderstorms
5. Tornadoes
6. Hurricanes
Weather systems
![Page 9: Weather cells and weather systems of atmosphere](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061301/548eb6c8b47959c8558b45f3/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Air mass
Air mass an extremely large body of air (thousands of square
kilometers) whose properties of temperature and moisture are fairly
similar in any horizontal direction at any given altitude.
![Page 10: Weather cells and weather systems of atmosphere](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061301/548eb6c8b47959c8558b45f3/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
AIR MASS CLASSIFICATION SOURCE REGIONS
Maritime (m) – originates over oceans or large bodies of water
Continental (c) – originates over land
THERMAL TYPES
Tropical (T) – from low latitudes
Polar (P) – from mid-high latitudes
Arctic (A) – from high latitudes (> 65°N)
![Page 11: Weather cells and weather systems of atmosphere](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061301/548eb6c8b47959c8558b45f3/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Classification of air masses
![Page 12: Weather cells and weather systems of atmosphere](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061301/548eb6c8b47959c8558b45f3/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Fronts
![Page 13: Weather cells and weather systems of atmosphere](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061301/548eb6c8b47959c8558b45f3/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Front:
Front is the transition zone between air masses with distinctly different properties.
Frontogenesis:
A formation, strengthening or generation of a front. This is due to increased contrast of temperature conditions between two air masses.
Frontolysis:
The weakening or dissipation of a front this is due to decreased in temperature contrast between two air masses.
![Page 14: Weather cells and weather systems of atmosphere](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061301/548eb6c8b47959c8558b45f3/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
How to identify a front on a surface weather map
Sharp temperature changes over a relatively short distance
Change in moisture content
Rapid shifts in wind direction
Pressure changes
Clouds and precipitation patterns
![Page 15: Weather cells and weather systems of atmosphere](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061301/548eb6c8b47959c8558b45f3/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Types of fronts
WARM FRONT COLD FRONT
STATIONARY FRONT OCCLUDED FRONT
![Page 16: Weather cells and weather systems of atmosphere](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061301/548eb6c8b47959c8558b45f3/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Cold fronts
Cold front symbol
Heavy precipitation
![Page 17: Weather cells and weather systems of atmosphere](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061301/548eb6c8b47959c8558b45f3/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Clouds associated with a cold frontCloud types occur ahead of a cold front.
Cirrus
CumulonimbusAltocumulus
Stratocumulus
![Page 18: Weather cells and weather systems of atmosphere](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061301/548eb6c8b47959c8558b45f3/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
ParametersParameters BeforeBefore DuringDuring After After
TemperatureTemperature WarmWarm Sharp fallSharp fall Slight fallSlight fall
Dew PointDew Point HighHigh Sharp fallSharp fall Slight fallSlight fall
WindsWinds SSWSSW ShiftShift W to NW to N
PressurePressure FallFall LowestLowest RiseRise
Identifying a cold front’s passage
Precipitation generally falls in the vicinity of the cold front.
![Page 19: Weather cells and weather systems of atmosphere](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061301/548eb6c8b47959c8558b45f3/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Warm fronts Warm front symbol
![Page 20: Weather cells and weather systems of atmosphere](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061301/548eb6c8b47959c8558b45f3/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Clouds associated with a warm front
Cirrus Nimbostratus
Altostratus
Cirrostratus
![Page 21: Weather cells and weather systems of atmosphere](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061301/548eb6c8b47959c8558b45f3/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
![Page 22: Weather cells and weather systems of atmosphere](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061301/548eb6c8b47959c8558b45f3/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
STATIONARY FRONT
![Page 23: Weather cells and weather systems of atmosphere](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061301/548eb6c8b47959c8558b45f3/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
EXTRA TROPICAL/ MID-LATITUDE CYCLONES
![Page 24: Weather cells and weather systems of atmosphere](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061301/548eb6c8b47959c8558b45f3/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Synoptic scale low pressure weather systems that occur
in the middle latitudes, connected with fronts and
horizontal gradients in temperature and dew point
along anticyclones.
Capable of producing CloudinessMild showersheavy galesThunderstorms.
![Page 25: Weather cells and weather systems of atmosphere](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061301/548eb6c8b47959c8558b45f3/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Life cycle of a mid-latitude cyclone
Cyclogenesis
Open stage
Occluded stage
Dissolving stage
![Page 26: Weather cells and weather systems of atmosphere](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061301/548eb6c8b47959c8558b45f3/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Cyclogenesis
![Page 27: Weather cells and weather systems of atmosphere](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061301/548eb6c8b47959c8558b45f3/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Open stage
![Page 28: Weather cells and weather systems of atmosphere](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061301/548eb6c8b47959c8558b45f3/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Occluded stage
![Page 29: Weather cells and weather systems of atmosphere](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061301/548eb6c8b47959c8558b45f3/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Dissolving stage
![Page 30: Weather cells and weather systems of atmosphere](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061301/548eb6c8b47959c8558b45f3/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
THUNDERSTORMS
![Page 31: Weather cells and weather systems of atmosphere](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061301/548eb6c8b47959c8558b45f3/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
It is a type of storm characterized by the presence of lightening and
its acoustic effect on the earths atmosphere known as thunder.
Congenial conditions to form:
Moisture
Unstable Air
Upward drift
THUNDER STORMS
![Page 32: Weather cells and weather systems of atmosphere](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061301/548eb6c8b47959c8558b45f3/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Stages of development
![Page 33: Weather cells and weather systems of atmosphere](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061301/548eb6c8b47959c8558b45f3/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Weather phenomena associated
Down burst of winds
Lightening & Acoustic sounds
Hail storms
Heavy precipitation & flash floods
![Page 34: Weather cells and weather systems of atmosphere](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061301/548eb6c8b47959c8558b45f3/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
TORNADOES
![Page 35: Weather cells and weather systems of atmosphere](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061301/548eb6c8b47959c8558b45f3/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Tornadoes are narrow, funnel-shaped spiraling wind that rotate at
speeds of up to 500 km/hr because of extreme pressure gradients.
Tornadoes are ranked from F0 (weakest) to F5 (strongest) using
the Fujita Intensity scale.
Most tornadoes move to the east or northeast at an average speed
of approximately 50 km/hr.
Tornadoes are associated with thunderstorms and develop in
association with mesocyclones within the thunderstorm cell.
![Page 36: Weather cells and weather systems of atmosphere](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061301/548eb6c8b47959c8558b45f3/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Tornado formation:• Early stage:
Contrasting vertical wind speeds generate local winds that rotate
about a horizontal axis.
• Updraft stage:
Mesocyclones may be up to 10 km in diameter.
•Tornado stage:
More intense spiraling winds within a tornado that extend
downward from a cloud base toward the ground surface .
![Page 37: Weather cells and weather systems of atmosphere](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061301/548eb6c8b47959c8558b45f3/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Tornado
![Page 38: Weather cells and weather systems of atmosphere](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061301/548eb6c8b47959c8558b45f3/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Management of tornado
Warning in advance
Precautions to protect the agricultural produce
Quick removal of debris
![Page 39: Weather cells and weather systems of atmosphere](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061301/548eb6c8b47959c8558b45f3/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Water sprouts
![Page 40: Weather cells and weather systems of atmosphere](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061301/548eb6c8b47959c8558b45f3/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
![Page 41: Weather cells and weather systems of atmosphere](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061301/548eb6c8b47959c8558b45f3/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
HURRICANES / TROPICAL CYCLONES
![Page 42: Weather cells and weather systems of atmosphere](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061301/548eb6c8b47959c8558b45f3/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
It is a rapidly rotating storm system characterized by a low
pressure center, strong winds, and a spiral arrangement of
thunder storm that produce heavy rain.
Chief characteristics:
High winds (more than 119 km/hr)
Heavy rainfall (10-25 cm)
Storm surges (sudden rise in sea level) along coastlines.
HURRICANES/ TYPHOONS/CYCLONES/WILLY WILLY:
![Page 43: Weather cells and weather systems of atmosphere](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061301/548eb6c8b47959c8558b45f3/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Anatomy of hurricane
![Page 44: Weather cells and weather systems of atmosphere](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061301/548eb6c8b47959c8558b45f3/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
![Page 45: Weather cells and weather systems of atmosphere](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061301/548eb6c8b47959c8558b45f3/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Factors favor to form:
Water temperature of at least 26.5 °C to a depth of at least 50 m
Heat of condensation energy
pre-existing system of disturbed weather
High humidity in lower-to-mid troposphere
Low amounts of wind shear
![Page 46: Weather cells and weather systems of atmosphere](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061301/548eb6c8b47959c8558b45f3/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Saffir-Simpson hurricane intensity scale
![Page 47: Weather cells and weather systems of atmosphere](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061301/548eb6c8b47959c8558b45f3/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)