weather and climate part 1 - introduction cgf3m crescent school
TRANSCRIPT
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Weather and ClimatePart 1 - Introduction
CGF3M
Crescent School
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Definitions• Weather: all the atmospheric activities that
occur at a given place at a given time. The condition of the atmosphere.
• Climate: atmospheric conditions a place has, averaged over a long period of time. The average of weather.
• Include: temperature, wind speed and direction, humidity, precipitation, pressure, cloud cover.
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Weather:•Short Term•Small Scale•Difficult to predict and forecast (Daily)•Temperature, Precipitation, Humidity, Wind direction and speed, pressure•Meteorology
Climate:•Long Term•Large Scale•Easy to predict (Seasonal)•Climate is the averages of Temperature, Precipitation etc.•Climatology
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Climatic Controls
It is obvious that not all places on earth experience the same weather or climate. There are a number of factors that effect the weather or climate. They are called ‘Climatic Controls’.
Remember Grade 9 and LOWER - Near Water! This year we will change it up a bit.
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There are Four basic variables that influence climate:
1.Insolation: amount of solar radiation a place receives (amount of daylight & angle of suns rays - Latitude)2.Elevation: Altitude (air pressure/heat released)3.Proximity of water bodies: (moderates, continental areas with large lakes)4.Ocean currents: movement of heat from the equator toward the poles (temperature & precipitation)
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Microclimates• Subtle variations in temperature, humidity and
precipitation on a small scale.– Exposure: influence of wind on temperature and
humidity– Albedo: surfaces convert solar energy into heat
• Walk (outside) around the school one day and you will notice surprisingly different conditions around the area that contains the school
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• Dark Pavement • Natural cover - grass, trees etc.• Strong Sun• The Shade• Buildings acting as barriers to the sun or wind
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Exposure:
• Slopes - southern slopes receive more sun than northern slopes• Wind Chill - how cold the temperature feels to people because of the wind.• A surface that is heated by the sun will be cooled quickly if there is a strong wind that blows the heated air away quickly. This type of surface will also dry faster.
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Albedo:
• Dark surfaces convert more of the available heat than light surfaces. Walk across black pavement with bare feet on a hot summer day, then walk on grass.• Objects with low albedo are cooler than objects with high albedo
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Urban Heat Island:
ConcreteTall buildings - wind tunnelsCars, air conditionersSubwaysPollutions - InversionsIncreased levels of Carbon Dioxide, Carbon Monoxide, Nitrous oxide etc.
Many cities that have large parks and ravines compensate this Urban Heat Island effect.
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The End
Go to Part 2 of the Weather and Climate
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