Wearable ComputingWearable Computing

CMSC 466/666CMSC 466/666

UMBCUMBC

05/0405/04

OutlinesOutlines

OverviewOverview Wearable vs. UbiquitousWearable vs. Ubiquitous MotivationMotivation I/O Interface, Communication, Power, HeatI/O Interface, Communication, Power, Heat ApplicationsApplications

DefinitionsDefinitions Current State of the IndustryCurrent State of the Industry Trends and LimitationsTrends and Limitations ResourcesResources

Wearable vs. UbiquitousWearable vs. Ubiquitous

Wearable computing: Wearable computing: Computers/sensors on Computers/sensors on peoplepeople

Ubiquitous computingUbiquitous computing Computer/sensors embedded in the Computer/sensors embedded in the

environmentenvironment ComplimentaryComplimentary

Complimentary DualityComplimentary Duality

Wearable: Know more about Wearable: Know more about personspersons privacy, authentication, and security personalized information

Ubiquitous: Know more about Ubiquitous: Know more about environmentenvironment local environment information local environment control resource management

MotivationMotivation

Why do we want/need wearable computers?Why do we want/need wearable computers? To communicateTo communicate

to know to know things you CARE aboutthings you CARE about whenever you can whenever you can To organize/rememberTo organize/remember

to get a hold of the to get a hold of the reality for the BUSYreality for the BUSY people people To get information that we don’t know here nowTo get information that we don’t know here now

I don’t know it but I can get it I don’t know it but I can get it right NOW right right NOW right HEREHERE

As a life style or fashion statementAs a life style or fashion statement I’m I’m coolcool because I’m technologically up-to-datebecause I’m technologically up-to-date

MotivationMotivation

What do we want from a wearable What do we want from a wearable computer?computer? Physical/Hardware FeaturesPhysical/Hardware Features Application/Software FeaturesApplication/Software Features

Hardware FeaturesHardware Features

light-weight (small)light-weight (small) durabledurable comfortablecomfortable long battery lifetimelong battery lifetime easy to useeasy to use affordableaffordable cool (invisible, hidden, disappearing)cool (invisible, hidden, disappearing)

Application FeaturesApplication Features

person-to-person person-to-person communicationcommunication personal organization/personal organization/remembranceremembrance

aidaid contextcontext awareness awareness effortlesseffortless usage usage

natural, intuitivenatural, intuitive

Big PictureBig Picture

ApplicationI/O

CommunicationHeat Power

I/O InterfaceI/O Interface

VisualVisual AudioAudio

VisualVisual

InputInput computer visioncomputer vision

OutputOutput overlaying thingsoverlaying things

Example: Eyeglass Example: Eyeglass DisplayDisplay

Human factors studiesHuman factors studies health and safetyhealth and safety social acceptancesocial acceptance

Concentrating on bi-Concentrating on bi-ocular displaysocular displays for viewing 2D text and for viewing 2D text and

imagesimages

AudioAudio

InputInput speech recognitionspeech recognition background noise separationbackground noise separation speaker identity (voice fingerprint)speaker identity (voice fingerprint)

OutputOutput speech synthesisspeech synthesis

Speech InteractionSpeech Interaction

Speech-driven user Speech-driven user interfacesinterfaces

large vocabulary large vocabulary recognition (Cambridge recognition (Cambridge University)University)

dialog for interfaces (MIT)dialog for interfaces (MIT)

Speech as data Speech as data efficient codingefficient coding word spottingword spotting

Big PictureBig Picture

ApplicationI/O

CommunicationHeat Power

Communication Communication RequirementRequirement

SecuritySecurity short range -> low probability of short range -> low probability of

leakingleaking EnergyEnergy

low frequency -> low powerlow frequency -> low power

Far-field vs. Near-field Far-field vs. Near-field CommunicationCommunication

examplesexamples radio vs. bluetooth (kind of)radio vs. bluetooth (kind of)

signal strengthsignal strength 1/d1/d2 2 vs. 1/dvs. 1/d33

carrier requirement for devices size carrier requirement for devices size of a watch or credit cardof a watch or credit card gigahertz vs. 0.1 to 1 megahertzgigahertz vs. 0.1 to 1 megahertz

Local Communication Local Communication ExamplesExamples

Transfer data between:Transfer data between: wearable and handheldwearable and handheld wearable and desktopwearable and desktop wearable and environmentwearable and environment

Big PictureBig Picture

ApplicationI/O

CommunicationHeat Power

Power RequirementPower Requirement

The traditional bigger ones: 5 WThe traditional bigger ones: 5 W head mount display, 2GB hard disk, 133 head mount display, 2GB hard disk, 133

MHz Pentium, 20 MB RAMMHz Pentium, 20 MB RAM The improved smaller ones: 0.7 WThe improved smaller ones: 0.7 W

MicroOpticMicroOpticTMTM eye-glass display, Flash eye-glass display, Flash memory (.5 GB), StrongArm memory (.5 GB), StrongArm microprocessor (.3 W at 115 MIPs)microprocessor (.3 W at 115 MIPs)

without communicationwithout communication Must come with the person Must come with the person

wearing the deviceswearing the devices

Big PictureBig Picture

ApplicationI/O

CommunicationHeat Power

Heat DispensingHeat Dispensing

requirementrequirement -15 -15 intolerably coldintolerably cold 15 - 34 15 - 34 OKOK 34 - 39 34 - 39 hothot 39 - 43 39 - 43 pain pain 43 - 43 - tissue damagetissue damage

Big PictureBig Picture

ApplicationI/O

CommunicationHeat Power

Application Examples:Application Examples:Miniature Head-up Displays Miniature Head-up Displays

Application Examples:Application Examples:CharmIT Wearable CharmIT Wearable

ComputerComputer

Wearable Computer Wearable Computer DefinitionsDefinitions

Simple DefinitionSimple Definition Packet or clothing based computingPacket or clothing based computing Peripheral s distributed around the Peripheral s distributed around the

sensors and actuators of the body, sensors and actuators of the body, connected wirelesslyconnected wirelessly

Runs entire dayRuns entire day

Wearable Computer Wearable Computer DefinitionsDefinitions

Formal DefinitionsFormal Definitions Rhodes (1997) Rhodes (1997)

Portable while operationalPortable while operational Enable hands-free or hand-limited useEnable hands-free or hand-limited use Capable of getting user’s attentionCapable of getting user’s attention Always “on”Always “on” Sense the user’s context in order to serve him betterSense the user’s context in order to serve him better

Starner (1999)Starner (1999) Persists and provides constant accessPersists and provides constant access Senses and models contextSenses and models context Augments and mediatesAugments and mediates Interacts seamlesslyInteracts seamlessly

Human-Computer Human-Computer EvolutionEvolution

Mainframe->mini->PC->wearableMainframe->mini->PC->wearable Initially lose on featuresInitially lose on features

Less CPU capacityLess CPU capacity Lower bus speedLower bus speed Less disk storageLess disk storage

BUT Gain on interfaceBUT Gain on interface PersonalizationPersonalization InteractivityInteractivity (Starner PhD 1999)(Starner PhD 1999)

Current State of the Current State of the IndustryIndustry

2003

Application AreasApplication Areas

Warehouse pickingWarehouse picking InspectionInspection MaintenanceMaintenance RepairRepair SecuritySecurity Military (Land Warrior)Military (Land Warrior)

ExamplesExamples

TrendsTrends

Computation in the wildComputation in the wild Working in hostile or uncontrolled environmentWorking in hostile or uncontrolled environment Continuous monitoringContinuous monitoring

Trends Trends

Personal Server ( at Intel )Personal Server ( at Intel ) Always with youAlways with you Uses outside interfacesUses outside interfaces Represents you to ubiquitous computing worldRepresents you to ubiquitous computing world

TrendsTrends

Interactive lifestyleInteractive lifestyle Seamless integration into everyday lifeSeamless integration into everyday life Augment the senses and the mindAugment the senses and the mind See as you see, hear as you hearSee as you see, hear as you hear

Challenges for the Challenges for the Wearable PCWearable PC

Seamless connectionSeamless connection across different across different

kinds of networkkinds of network Occasional connectionOccasional connection

in and out of rangein and out of range Local communicationLocal communication

ad-hoc peripheralsad-hoc peripherals

Modes of interactionModes of interaction visual and vocalvisual and vocal

Health and safetyHealth and safety strain on the sensesstrain on the senses

UnobtrusiveUnobtrusive socially acceptablesocially acceptable

ConnectivityUsability

Situatedness

AwarenessAwareness capturing contextcapturing context

InterpretationInterpretation use of context datause of context data

AugmentationAugmentation personal assistantpersonal assistant

Technical

Social

ResourcesResources

Charmed Technologies (Charmed Technologies (www.charmed.comwww.charmed.com ) )

IEEE Wearable Information Systems IEEE Wearable Information Systems Technical CommitteeTechnical Committee

www.cc.gatech.edu/~thadwww.cc.gatech.edu/~thad www.bradleyrhodes.comwww.bradleyrhodes.com www.zary.comwww.zary.com