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Weapon Systems Open Architecture Overview

OMG Real-Time and Embedded Distributed Object Computing Workshop

July 24-27, 2000

7 / 26 / 2000 OMG Real-time / Embedded Workshop, July 24-27, 2000

.

Adapted from “The Future of AWACS”, by LtCol Joe Chapa

Vision for Joint Theater OperationsJoint Forces

Global Info GridJoint Forces

Global Info GridChallenge

is to make this possible!


Fighter Information TechnologyPast and Future

• Historical approach– Information sources primarily constrained to onboard, deterministic

resources– Functionality limited to static algorithms, cyclic processing, worst

case, static scheduling– Expensive to maintain and test

• Future needs– Offboard/onboard integration of data and functionality– Non-deterministic communication and functionality– Lower cost, rapid change, user/mission customization


Evolution of WSOA

Processor Card 1(Master)

Processor Card 2(Slave)

Ballistics (Ada95)

Legacy AV-8B OFP (C)

Common NAV & Replicant (C++)

1553 Discretes Ethernet RS232 Timers

Ballistics (Ada95)

AV-8B NAV (C++)

Infrastructure/TAO

POSIX RTOS

Timers Ethernet

VME

CORBA

Link-16

CollaborationBrowsing

QuO

RT CORBA 1.0

RemoteProcessing

C2 F-15

Infrastructure/TAO

OSAT 3

OSAT 1 OSAT 2

TAO

Ballistics (Ada95)

AV-8B NAV (C++)

Hard real-timeDynamic Scheduling

POSIX RTOS

ASTD

WSOA

ASFD

Component OFP

RT ARM

RT ARM

Dynamic Scheduling


WSOA Participants

• Boeing– Primary integrator, application development

• Honeywell Technology Center– Resource management technology

• Washington University– Dynamic scheduling technology

• BBN– Quality-of-service framework

WSOA merges DARPA, Air Force Research Laboratory, and Boeing technologies to enhance fighter avionics capabilities


WSOA Project Description


WSOA Objectives

• Demonstrate New Warrior Capability– Imagery support for re-tasking– Real-time Collaborative planning

• Demonstrate Legacy Connection to “InfoSphere”– OFP support for deterministic and non-deterministic functions

• Develop Transitionable Products– Quorum-based technologies– OFP components, e.g., browser, QoS Middleware

• Demonstrate Standards– Inter-platform communication via CORBA– Object Request Broker usage supporting RT CORBA 1.0


Time Critical Targets• clear and present danger• fleeting targets of opportunity

WSOA and Time Critical Targets

• Real-time Mission Replanning and Collaboration– C2 Node and F-15 share data, imagery and annotations

• Information Browsing– F-15 accesses C2 data products, images, target folder

• Mission Rehearsal– F-15 previews mission enroute


Airborne C2 Node• Compiles Virtual Target

Folder• Retasks Enroute Strike• Collaboration with

Warrior to replan route• IDL Interface

Warrior•“Browser” Requests for Target and

Imagery data• Collaboration with C2 Node for

Target Review and Mission Replan• Previews Updated Mission Enroute• IDL Interface

JTIDS Net• Link-16 GIOP• Browser Requests• Low Volume Imagery

WSOA Operating Environment


CORBA support for WSOAExisting and Emerging


Language/Platform Interoperability

• Hard Real-time constraints

• Embedded PowerPC processor

• VxWorks RTOS

• C++ with Ada 95 segments

• Soft Real-time

• DEC Alpha Workstation

• Unix OS

• Ada 95

737 AFLF-15E1


Real-time Determinism

• RT CORBA 1.0– Minimize priority inversion of distributed operations– Priority banded connections– Direct threading selection and prioritization

• Real-time Event Channel– Hard real-time scheduling support


Enabling CORBA Features

• Commercial Standard– Interoperate ORBs from different vendors

• Push / Pull data flow– Client controlled image requests minimize bandwidth &

operator workload

• Asynchronous Method Invocations (AMI)– De-couple F15E application processing from C2 server


Emerging CORBA Capability:Hybrid Static and Dynamic Scheduling

• Allow insertion of soft real-time tasks while preserving hard real-time semantics

• Maximize CPU utilization through on-line re-evaluation of task priorities

• Being addressed by RT CORBA 2.0


• GIOP between F-15E and C2 node must operate over pluggableLink-16 transport

• Many vendors currently provide proprietary transport interface• Future CORBA specification will standardize this

IIOP

Native ORB transport

Emerging CORBA Capability:Extensible Transport Protocols

IOP GIOP

TCP/IP

Pluggable ORB transport

IOP GIOP

Link - 16


Additional Challenges and Middleware Technologies


Resource Management

• Operational Goal– Situational tailoring of functional priorities

• Technology Challenge– Develop real-time management of network and computing resources,

supporting hard and soft deadlines• Development Approach

– Develop functional adaptation techniques• control flow management, resource sensitive applications

– Develop mission management expression semantics


Quality of Service Frameworks

Joint ForcesGlobal Info Grid

Joint ForcesGlobal Info Grid

• Operational Goal– Interface shooter systems to global information

sources to ensure information superiority

• Technology Challenge– Integrate hard and soft real-time data and control flow functionality

within mission system frameworks• Development Approach

– Embed QoS functions into application frameworks with common APIsand pluggable policies

– Mature QoS dependency expression to API level interfaces


RTARM

Browser Application

JTIDS

CollaborationClient

Application Delegate

Progress Contract

VTFCollaborationServer

OSA C3ISimulation

QoS Management

ORBexpress

Link-16 Simulation Software

DIS Network Tool

Net RM

BoeingBBN

Oregon Graduate InstituteWashington University

HTC

VTF Mgr

TAO ORB

C2C2 FF--1515

TAO Adaptive Scheduler

(Ground demo only)

WSOA Architecture


DIS Network Tool


Early

On Time

Late

Normal

CPU Degraded

CPU Degraded

Normal

Normal

WSOA QoS Control Flow

QuO

RT-ARM

• Manages application progress– Early, On-Time, or Late for each

operation • Defines operating regions

– Range of rates for each operation

• Manages QoS parameters within the given operating regions

– Adjust rates within defined ranges for each operation

• Reports when operating region is violated (or will be violated)

SystemResourceManager

ProcessorResourceManager

Feedback Adaptation

Q

S

Q

S

Contraction, Expansion


WSOA QoS Control Flow (cont’d)

RT-ARM

TAO Scheduler

• Adjusts current available dispatch rate ranges for each operation

• Provides admission control policy• Queries TAO Scheduler for monitored

execution time results

• Binds specific rate according to RT-ARM supplied admission control policy

• Queues operations and enforces hybrid static/dynamic scheduling policy

• Makes available to RT-ARM the actual execution times of each scheduled operation

ProcessorResourceManager

TAO Scheduler


Summary


WSOA End-to-End QoS Management

RTARM

Browser Application


DIS Network Tool

CollaborationClient

Application Delegate

Progress Contract

VTFCollaborationServer

OSA C3ISimulation

C2 QoS Mgmt

ORBexpress


DIS Network Tool

Net RM

TAO ORB

TAO AdaptiveScheduler

Adjust Adjust expected QoSexpected QoS

Adaptive behavior to Adaptive behavior to update compression update compression

level of next tilelevel of next tile

Optimization within Optimization within current operating current operating

regionregionCriticality assurance, Criticality assurance,

then utilization then utilization optimization optimization

FF--1515C2C2

Adaptive behavior to Adaptive behavior to update operating update operating

regionregion

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