weapon system replacement in the heavy division.pdf

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WEAPON SYSTEM REPLACEMENT OPERATI ONSW THI N A HEAVY DI VI SI ON

A t hes i s pr esent ed t o t he Facul t i o f t he U. S. Ar mycommand and Gener al St af f Col l ege i n par t i alf ul f i l l ment of t he requi r ement s f or t hedegr eeMASTER OF MI LI TARY ART AND SCI ENCE

byTHOMAS J . RI CHARDSON, MAJ OR, USAB. B. A. , St ephen F. Aust i n St at e Uni ver si t y, Nacogdoches,Texas, 1980.

For t Leavenwor t h, Kansas1993

Appr oved f or publ i c r el ease; di s t r i but i on i s unl i m t ed.


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ABSTRACT

CAN A HEAVY DIVISION SUPPORT WEAPON SYSTEM REPLACEMENTOPERATIONS by Major Thomas J. Richardson, USA, 84 pages.The objective of this thesis is to determine whether a heavydivision can conduct weapon system replacement operations.The thesis is based on a scenario that takes place inEastern Europe. The division is a balanced MechanizedInfantry Division conducting a deliberate defense.The U.S. Army has limited works on the conduct of theoperation. The only time this type of operation has takenplace is during Desert Storm. The thesis incorporates thestructure, and lessons learned from the Desert Stormoperation. This information was gained by administering aquestionnaire to members of the operation. A copy of thequestionnaire results are included in the thesis.The analysis is based on the scenario, current and past U.S.Field Manuals, and the operation conducted in Desert Storm.The analysis demonstrates what is required for a division toconduct the operation. Five areas of the operation areanalyzed: Command and Control; Organizational Structure;Replacement Crew, Weapon System Link-up; Logistical Support;and Training.The conclusion is that a division can conduct weapon systemreplacement operations.

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSI would like to express my appreciation to the

following individuals: Major Tim Hunt, CPT (P ) David Ling,and CPT (P) Steave Edwards. Without their assistance incompleting the questionnaire, on the weapon systemreplacement operations, I could not have completed thisthesis.

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TABLE OF CONTENTSage

APPROVAL PAGE . . . . . . . . . . . . . i iABSTRACT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . i i iACKNOWLEDGEMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . i vCHAPTER

1. I NTRODUCTI ON . . . . . . . . . . . 1St at ement of t he Pr obl em . . . . . . 1St at ement of t he Sub- pr obl ems . . . . 2Def i ni t i ons . . . . . . . . . . 3I mpor t ance of t he St udy . . . . . . 6

2 . REVI EW OF LI TERATURE . . . . . . . . . 9Cur r ent St at e of Publ i cat i ons . . . . 9Key Wor ks i n t he Fi el d . . . . . . . 13Appar ent Tr ends . . . . . . . . . 14Ut i l i t y of Wor ks t o t he I nvest i gat i on . . 15

3 . RESEARCH METHODOLOGY . . . . . . . . . 16Met hods . . . . . . . . . . . 16Resear ch Fl ow . . . . . . . . . . 17Quest i onnai r e Devel opment . . . . . . 20st r engt hs and Li m t at i ons . . . . . . 20

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4 . SCENARIO. REQUIREMENTS AND CAPABILITIES . .Scenario . . . . . . . . . . .Division Logistics Capabilities . . . .Requirements . . . . . . . . .

5 . ANALYSIS . . . . . . . . . . .Command and control . . . . . . .Organizational Structure . . . . .Replacement Crew. Weapon System Link-UpLogistical Support . . . . . . .Training . . . . . . . . . .

6 . CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS . . . .Conclusions . . . . . . . . .Recommendations . . . . . . . .

APPENDIXA . QUESTIONNAIRE . . . . . . . . . . .B . QUESTIONNAIRE RESULTS . . . . . . . .C . FIGURE . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 . Weapon System Replacement Operations Flow

ENDNOTES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .BIBLIOGRAPHY . . . . . . . . . . . . .INITIAL DISTRIBUTION LIST . . . . . . . . .

22222628424245474 95 154546 3

6570

808 08 18486

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CHAPTER II NTRODUCTI ON

On t he bat t l ef i el ds of t oday and t omor r ow t hecommander must empl oy and sust ai n deci si ve combat power .The commander must sust ai n hi s f i ght i ng f or ce wi t h wel lt r ai ned cr ews and combat weapon syst ems. The commander t hatcan qui ckl y r econst i t ut e dest r oyed weapon syst ems wi t ht r ai ned cr ewed weapon s yst ems wi l l mai nt ai n t he moment um ofhi s oper at i on. An ef f ect i ve way f or commander s t o r epl acel ost weapon sys t ems i s t hr ough weapon syst em r epl acementoper at i ons.

What i s weapon syst em r epl acement oper at i ons? Aweapon syst em r epl acement oper at i on i s a met hod to suppl yt he combat commander wi t h a f ul l y oper at i onal r epl acementweaponsys t em I t i s a pr ocedur e f or br i ngi ng a weaponsyst em t o a ready- t o- f i ght condi t i on and handi ng i t of f t ot he combat uni t . lweapon syst em r epl acement oper at i ons are per f or med.

The di vi si on i s t he l owest l evel at whi ch

St at ement Of The Pr obl emThe basi s of t hi s t hesi s i s t he quest i on, can a

heavy di vi si on suppor t weapon syst em r epl acement oper at i ons?I n t odays Ar my t he l ogi st i cal syst em wi t hi n a heavy di vi si oni s al r eady over bur dened wi t h manni ng, ar m ng, f i xi ng, and

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f u e l i n g of t h e subordinate uni ts . I t i s a l o t t o expect of.a di vi si on t o conduct normal day t o day sustainmentfu nc ti on s, b e mobile, and conduct weapon system replacementopera t ions w h i l e in combat.

Statement Of The Sub-ProblemsWithin t h i s bas ic ques t ion there a r e s e v e r a l

secondary que stio ns t o answer. T h i s t h e s i s w i l l answer t h efollowing secondary questions:1 HOW and where can t h e div is ion genera te t h e a s s e t sneeded t o conduct weapon system replacement operations?2 . Who w i l l t r a i n t h e replacement crews?3. How does the crew marry up w i t h t h e replaced weaponsystem?4 . Who su ppo rt s th e crew while t h e y a r e t r a i n i n g ?5. What element commands and controls the weapon systemreplacement operation?6 . What ancillary items w i l l t h e crews need t h a t ar e notpar t o f t he weapon system o r t h e ind iv idual?7 . What equipment w i l l t h e unit conducting t h e t r a i n i n gneed?8 . What ex t erna l lo g i s t ic a l suppor t w i l l t h e weapon systemreplacement team need t o conduct t raining?9 . What i s t h e time f ra me t o conduct weapon systemreplacement operations crew t r a i n i n g ?

Answering these secondary questions w i l l determinet h e requirements of a weapon system replacement operation.

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I wi l l be abl e t o det er m ne i f a heavy di vi si on can suppor tweapon syst em r epl acement oper at i ons by answer i ng t hesesecondar y quest i ons.

DefinitionsI n or der t o cont i nue we must have an under st andi ng

of t he f ol l owi ng concept s and def i ni t i ons:peconst i t ut i on. I s an ext r aor di nar y act i on t hat

commander s pl an and i mpl ement t o r est or e uni t s t o a desi r edl evel of combat ef f ect i veness. Thi s act i on must be bal ancedwi t h m ssi on r equi r ement s and avai l abl e r esour ces. I tt r anscends nor mal day- t o- day f or ce sust ai nment . Ther e ar et wo sub- component s of r econst i t ut i on, r egener at i on andr eor gani zat i on. 3

Reaener at i on. I s t he r ebui l di ng of a uni t . I tr equi r es a l ar ge scal e r epl acement of per sonnel , equi pment ,and suppl i es. Nor mal l y a di vi s i on can cont r ol abat t al i on/ t ask f or ce r egener at i on. A uni t can conductr egener at i on t wo echel ons bel ow i t .

Reor uani zat i on. I s act i ons t aken t o shi f t r esour ceswi t hi n a degr aded uni t t o i ncr ease t he uni t ' s combatef f ect i veness. Commander s of al l t ypes of uni t s at eachechel on conduct r eor gani zat i on. 5

Readv- f or - i ssue- svst em I s a weapon syst em t hat hasbeen r emoved f r om i t s pr evi ous condi t i on of pr eser vat i on andmade mechani cal l y operabl e. The syst em i s made oper abl eaccor di ng t o cur r ent equi pment ser vi ceabi l i t y cr i t er i a or

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ot her appr opr i at e st andar ds. Al l anci l l ar y equi pment ,( f i r e cont r ol , machi ne guns, r adi o mount s, and r adi os) , ar ei nst al l ed. The vehi cl e i s f uel ed and basi c i ssue i t ems ar eaboar d.

Ready- t o- f i cr ht syst em I s a cr ewed r eady- f or - i ssuesyst emwi t h ammuni t i on st owed aboard. The weapon has beenbor e- si ght ed and veri f i ed. ' l

4 At t he di vi s i on l evel i sass i gned by t he di vi si on suppor t command commander . Hewor ks out of t he di vi si on' s mat er i al management cent er . Hei nt er f aces wi t h t he ot her weapon syst em manager s at br i gade( the S - 4 ) and bat t al i on l evel ( t he bat t al i on execut i veof f i cer ) . The manager must keep abr east of not onl y t heweapon syst ems wi t hi n t he di vi si on, but al so t he cr ewmember s avai l abl e and syst ems com ng i nt o t he di vi si on. 8

Weauo I s amanagement t ool used t o suppl y t he combat commander wi t h af ul l y oper at i onal maj or weapon syst em Pr ocedur es f ori ssui ng weapon syst ems di f f er f r om t hose f or i ssui ng ot hermaj or end i t ems ( cl ass VII . A f l ow di agr am of weaponsyst em r epl acement oper at i ons i s i n Appendi x c, Fi gur e 1.9

I ncom ng weapon syst ems f r om CONUS ar e depr ocessedby a heavy mat er i el suppl y company i n t he Theat er ar my ar eacommand or t he cor ps suppor t command ar eas. The maj or endi t ems ar e t hen t r ansport ed t o cor ps or di vi si ons wher e t heyar e made r eady- f or - i ssue. W t hi n t he di vi si on t he suppor t

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command' s suppl y and ser vi ce company accompl i shes t hi sf unct i on.

The di vi si on obt ai ns per sonnel r epl acement s f r om t wosour ces. The f i r st i s f r om per sonnel r epl acement s ar r i vi ngi n Theat er and t r ansport ed t o t he cor ps r ear area. They ar et hen t r anspor t ed, or war d t o t he di vi si on support ar ea. The

, second sour ce of r epl acement s ar e " r et ur n t o dut y" per sonnelf r om di vi s i onal medi cal f aci l i t i es . wi t hi n t he di vi s i onsuppor t ar ea t he r epl acement s are f or med i nt o cr ews. Cr ewr equi r ement s ar e deci ded by t he weapon, syst emmanagerl ocat ed at t he di vi si on suppor t command' s mat er i elmanagement cent er . The weapon syst em manager and t her epl acement company must wor k cl osel y t oget her i n or der t of ormul at e t he r i ght m x of per sonnel . The r epl acementcompany must know t he st at us of pr oj ect ed " r et ur ned t o dut y"per sonnel and pr oj ect ed r epl acement s due i n f r om cor ps.Thi s al l ows t hem t o come up wi t h t he r i ght m x of per sonnel .Thi s dat a shoul d be r el ayed to t he weapon syst emmanager whocompar es t hi s i nf or mat i on wi t h pr oj ect ed i nbound and cur r enton hand weapon syst ems.

The pr i mar y l i nk- up poi nt of cr ew wi t h t he weaponsystem i s i n t he di vi s i on suppor t area. The di vi s i onsuppor t command commander or gani zes t he l i nk- up poi nt wi t hsuppl y, t r anspor t at i on and mai nt enance el ement s. Thecr ewmen wor ki ng wi t h t he suppor t per sonnel make t he weaponsys tem ready- t o- f i ght .

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Condi t i ons per m t t i ng. and based' on t he expel evel o f ~t he r ew, t he di vi s i on pr ovi des. t i me. and f aci l i t i esf or , cr ew- weapon f am l i ar i zaf i on and t r ai ni ng or checkout i nt he , l i nk. - up~r ea. '. Thi s t r a i ni ng . shoul d i nc l ude. unner y,dr i vi ng, enemy- nd al l i ed vehi cl e i dent i f i cat i on, ai rdef ense. . pr ocedur es, .t andar d oper at i ng pr ocedur es, and ot herappr opr i at e~t o- t heperationa1.environment. I t i s noti nt ended t hi s t r ai ni ng . be el abor at e, but t o f am l i ar i ze the.cr ews wi t h oper at i ng condi t i onsr i n t he combat , zone.

The weapon syst emmanager i s t he gl ue t hat hol dst hi s pr ocess t oget her . He must coor di nat e cl osel y wi t h t he.mai nt enance managemekt of f i cer of t he di vi si on mat er i elmanagement cent er .weapon syst ems bei ng r epai r ed i n di r ect - suppor tmai nt enance.

He does t hi s to ver i f y the st at us of

He must al so coor di nat e wi t h t he cor ps weapon syst emmanager . Thi s coor di nat i on i s t o det er m ne whatr epl acement weapon syst ems are due i nt o t he di vi s i on. Themanager al so coordi nat es f or what per sonnel ar e avai l abl e,t he l i nk- up poi nt el ement s and t r ai ni ng per sonnel . l o

I mDor t ance of The St udvWhy i s weapon syst em r epl acement oper at i ons

i mpor t ant i n t oday' s Ar my? The i mpor t ance was f i r stdemonst r at ed i n Wor l d War I 1 i n t he Eur opean t heat er ofoper at i ons. The Ar my needed t o mar r y cr ews up wi t h t anks.The syst emwas conduct ed at cor ps l evel . However , t he Ar my

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had di f f i cul t i es get t i ng weapon syst ems and cr ews t oget herand f or war d t o t he di vi si ons t hat needed t hem t he m0st. l '

The 1973 Ar ab- I sr ael i War i s an excel l ent exampl e oft he i mpor t ance of r econst i t ut i on on t he moder n bat t l ef i el d.The most si gni f i cant di f f er ence bet ween t he 1973 Ar ab-I sr ael i war and WW I i s t he l et hal i t y of weapon syst ems.Dur i ng t he 1973 war t he I sr ael i s had appr oxi mat el y 2,000t anks and 4 500 ar mor ed per sonnel car r i er s. They l ostappr oxi mat el y 800-1,000 t anks and 1,500-2,000 per sonnelcar r i er s dur i ng t he ei ght een days of bat t l e. On t op o f t heequi pment l oss, t he I sr ael i s had 2,222 ki l l ed i n act i on and5 596 wounded per sonnel . Roughl y hal f of t he l osses camef r om t he ar mor cor ps. 12

The I sr ael i s had t o over come t hese l osses qui ckl y i nor der t o mai nt ai n t he moment um of t he war . They had apr obl em wi t h r egener at i ng new weapon syst ems. The I sr ael i sdi d not have an i ndust r i al base t hat coul d pr oduce combatsyst ems. The weapon sys t ems t hey had wer e f or ei gn bought .The I sr ael i s over came t hi s pr obl em by r egener at i ng t hei rcombat syst ems. They di d t hi s by r epai r i ng t he damagedsyst ems and r epl aci ng per sonnel f or war d. The r egener at i onoper at i ons wer e conduct ed dur i ng hour s of dar kness af t ereach days bat t l e. What coul d not be repai r ed f or war d wasevacuat ed t o t he r ear depot s f or r epai r . The I sr ael i s hadt he abi l i t y t o evacuat e t o t hei r depot l evel mai nt enancesi nce t hey wer e f i ght i ng on home soi l . 13


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The " f i x f or war d" concept t hat t he I sr ael i s adopt edwas t he key t o t hei r success. Put t i ng weapon syst ems backi nt o t he combat commander s hands was how t he I sr ael i smai nt ai ned t he moment um of t he war .

The need t o have r eady- t o- f i ght r epl acement weaponsyst ems on t he bat t l ef i el d has not changed over t he year s.The Ar ab- I sr ael i War of 1973 cl ear l y demonst r at es t hei mpor t ance of how we must r epl ace combat sys t ems i n order tomai nt ai n t he moment um of t he f i ght . I f anyt hi ng t her equi r ement f o r r epl aci ng weapon sys t ems has gr own si nce t hei nt r oduct i on of t he Br adl ey Fi ght i ng Vehi cl e. The Ar myst at es i n FM 101- 10- 1 t hat t went y per cent of damaged weaponsyst ems are not r e~a i r a b1e . l ~ her ef or e, t he U.S. Ar my musthave a pr ocedur e t o get a r eady- t o- f i ght weapon syst em t ot he combat commander s. Thi s pr ocedur e i s essent i al t or epl ace t he t went y per cent non- r epai r abl e weapon syst ems.Weapon syst em r epl acement oper at i ons i s t he pr ocedur e we useto gi ve commander s r eady- t o- f i ght weapon sys t ems. However ,t he U . S . Ar my has never conduct ed weapon syst em r epl acemeetoper at i ons at di vi si on l evel . The cl osest t he Ar my has comet o conduct i ng weapon syst em r epl acement oper at i ons was att he t heat er ar my l evel dur i ng Oper at i on Desert St orm I t i si mper at i ve t o det er m ne whet her our doct r i ne i s corr ect i nhavi ng a di vi si on conduct weapon syst em r epl acementoper at i ons at t hei r l evel . Par t i cul ar l y, s i nce t hi sdoct r i ne i s how we wi l l f i ght our next war .

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CHAPTER I 1LI TERATURE REVI EWThe pr i mar y concent r at i on of l i t er at ur e on weapon

syst em r epl acement oper at i ons i s i n U. S. Ar my Fi el d Manual sand s t udi es . The l i t er at ur e r evi ew f or t hi s t hes i s i sf ocuses on f our ar eas: cur r ent publ i cat i ons, key wor ks,appar ent t r ends, and ut i l i t y of t he wor ks.

Cur r ent St at e of Publ i cat i onsI n t he ear l y 1980's ai r l and bat t l e doct r i ne came

i nt o bei ng f or the U. S. Ar my. The f i r st l ogi st i cal manual st hat addr ess weapon syst em r epl acement oper at i ons wer e FM100-16, Suppor t oper at i ons: Echel ons above Cor ps, and FM100-10, Combat Ser vi ce Suppor t , bot h whi ch wer e publ i shed i n1983. These manual s address t he f r amewor k of weapon syst emr epl acement oper at i ons. They al so pr ovi de a br i ef over vi ewof how t he oper at i on wor ks on a macr o- l evel . The f ol l owi ngmanual s are t he U. S. Ar my' s cur r ent pr i mar y wr i t t en sour ceson weapon syst em r epl acement oper at i ons:

FM 100-9, Reconst i t ut i on. Thi s manual pr i mar i l ydeal s wi t h how t o r egener at e l ar ge uni t s and t heconsi der at i ons i nvol ved i n t he r econst i t ut i on pr ocess. Themanual br i ef l y ment i ons weapon syst em r epl acementoper at i ons. However , i t does not i ncor por at e t he many

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di agr am of t he weapon syst em r epor t i ng st r uct ur e, weaponsys t em and per sonnel f l ow. However , t he manual does not goi nt o det ai l on how t o conduct t he oper at i on. 7

Anal yt i c s urvey of Per sonnel Repl acement Svst ems i nModer n War . Thi s sur vey conduct ed by T. N. Dupuy andassoci at es f ocuses on t he hi st ory of r epl acement syst ems.The f ocus of t he publ i cat i on i s on how t he U. S. r epl acementsyst em evol ved f r om WW I t hr ough t he Vi et nam war . Ther e i sno hi st or i cal r ef er ence of a s i m l ar syst em t o weapon syst emr epl acement oper at i ons. 8

Uni t Reconst i t ut i on. A Hi s t or i cal Per suec t i ve. Thi sst udy conduct ed by Dr . Edwar d J . Dr ea f ocuses on uni tr econst i t ut i on pr i mar i l y dur i ng wor l d War 11. Thi s st udybr i ngs out t hat i n WW I1 t he ar my t r i ed t o move r epl acement sf or ar mor di vi s i ons t o t he di vi s i onal vehi c l e pool . Thedi vi si onal vehi cl e pool i s wher e r epai r ed and new equi pmentf or a par t i cul ar di vi s i on i s pl aced. However , Fi r st Ar myr epor t ed di f f i cul t y i n mat chi ng t he r epl acement s up wi t h t hevehi cl es and r ecommended t hat cr ews be i ndi vi dual l yr equi s i t i oned.

peconst i t ut i on- W nni na Bevond The Fi r st Bat t l e.Thi s st udy conduct ed i n 1988 by LTC Hi nebaugh anal yzes t hei mpor t ance of r econst i t ut i on on t he moder n bat t l ef i el d. Thest udy uses t he Ar ab- I sr ael i War i n 1973 i n a hi s tor i calper spect i ve of t he l et hal i t y of moder n war f ar e. I t al soshows how I sr ael used r econst i t ut i on t o mai nt ai n t hemoment um of t he war . They mai nt ai ned t he moment um by


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r econst i t ut i ng combat syst ems f or war d. The st udy does notaddr ess weapon syst em r epl acement oper at i ons. However , t hest udy does show t he necess i t y t o r api dl y r egener at e weaponsyst ems t o t he combat commander s. 10

Kev Wor ks i n t he Fi el dThe key wor ks t hat f or m t he basi s of t hi s s t udy ar e

FM 100- 16, Suppor t Oper at i ons: Echel ons Above Cor ps;Echel ons Above Cor ps St udy and Weapon Syst em Repl acementOper at i ons ( Test ) publ i cat i on. FM 100-16 out l i nes howweapon syst em r epl acement oper at i ons ar e i ncor por at edt hr oughout t he t heat er of oper at i ons. The document pr ovi dest he best over vi ew of what weapon syst em r epl acementoper at i ons ar e. Thi s document pl aces t he pr i mar yr esponsi bi l i t y of weapon syst em r epl acement oper at i ons ont he di vi si on suppor t command. The Echel ons above Cor psSt udy. i s t he sour ce document f or t he concept of weaponsyst em r epl acement oper at i ons. However , t he st udy does notpr ovi de any i nsi ght as t o how a di vi si on conduct s t hi soper at i on and t he r esour ces needed. l1

Thewas publ i shed i n 1981 by t he Uni t ed St at es Ar my

Tr ai ni ng and Doct r i ne Command. The or i gi nal pur pose of t hepubl i cat i on was as a user s manual f or weapon syst emr epl acement oper at i ons. However , t he manual never advancedbeyond t he t est phase. The manual i s based on FM 100- 16( Dr af t ) . I t does not go i nt o det ai l on how a di vi s i on i s t o..,


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execut e weapon syst em r epl acement operat i ons. Thepubl i cat i on goes i nt o det ai l on how t he di f f er ent weaponsyst em manager s i nt er f ace wi t h one anot her . I t al so showst he i mpor t ance of t he weapon syst em r epor t t o gat her t hei nf or mat i on needed by t he manager s. The manual i s a r ehashof t he cur r ent f i el d manual s. I t pr ovi des no di r ect i on t ot he di vi s i on or any ot her el ement on how t o conduct t heoper at i on. The manual r eaf f i r ms t he concept s out l i ned i nt he var i ous f i el d manual s. 12

Amar ent Tr endsThe appar ent t r end i s f or t he Ar my t o cont i nue wi t ht he l i m t ed wor ks t hat are cur r ent l y i n publ i cat i on. Ther eason i s t hat t he weapon syst em r epl acement oper at i onsconduct ed i n Oper at i on Deser t Storm wer e not document ed anciact ual l y not needed. Ther e was an appar ent r equi r ement f orweapon syst em r epl acement oper at i ons i n Deser t St or m bas ed.on pr oj ect ed l osses. However , si nce t he act ual l osses wer em ni mal t he oper at i on went away wi t hout much r ecogni t i on.

si nce t he t i me t hat weapon syst em r epl acementoper at i ons wer e f i r st i nt r oduced i n 1983, t he def i ni t i on aridexpl anat i on of t he oper at i on has not changed. Theexpl anat i on i n t he 1983 ver si on of FM 100-16 i s t he same ast he cur r ent ver si on. Due t o t he compl exi t y of weapon syst emr epl acement oper at i ons i t i s an ar ea i n whi ch uni t s do nott r ai n. Thi s i s due t o t he f act t hat t he oper at i on i sr esour ce i nt ensi ve, i n bot h equi pment and per sonnel .

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Ut i l i t y of Works to t he I nvest i qat i onThe cur r ent and past publ i cat i ons demonst r at e t her e

i s a r equi r ement f or weapon syst em r epl acement oper at i ons.However , t he publ i cat i ons do not pr ovi de t he di vi si on wi t hi nsi ght i nt o how t o conduct weapon syst em r epl acementoper at i ons. The basi c publ i cat i ons do i l l ust r at e how adi vi si on r ecei ves t he weapon syst em and per sonnel . However ,t hey do not i nst r uct t he di vi s i on as t o how t o conduct t heoper at i on, nor det ai l t he r esour ces t hat ar e r equi r ed.

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CHAPTER I 11RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

I have di vi ded t hi s r esear ch on weapon syst emr epl acement oper at i ons i nt o t hr ee par t s. The f i r st det ai l st he met hods I used t o conduct t he r esearch. The secondaddr esses t he f l ow of t he r esear ch. The t hi r d and f i nalpar t expl ai ns t he quest i onnai r e used.

Met hodsI began l ooki ng at weapon syst em r epl acement

oper at i ons f r om an hi st or i cal per spect i ve. However , Iqui ckl y f ound t her e was ver y l i t t l e i n wr i t i ng on t hesubj ect f rom an hi st or i cal per spect i ve. I t hen t ur ned t ot he m l i t ar y aspect of wher e weapon syst em r epl acementoper at i ons or i gi nat ed. Thi s sear ch l ead me t o t heconc l us i on t hat ver y l i t t l e i s wr i t t en on t he subj ect .

The next st ep was t o t ap i nt o t he exper i ence Igai ned as a member of t he weapon syst em r epl acement t r ai ni ngt eam i n Deser t St or m Si nce t hi s i s t he onl y knownoper at i on of t hi s k i nd, I deci ded to use t hi s sour ce ofi nf or mat i on. I devel oped a quest i onnai r e to pr esent t oot her per sonnel who wer e par t of t he oper at i on.

I i nt end t o use t he i nf or mat i on i n t he Ar my manual sand f r om t he quest i onnai r e and appl y i t t o a di vi si on

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scenar i o. I wi l l use t he scenar i o as t he medi um t of aci l i t at e t he anal ys i s . Thi s anal ys i s wi l l pr ove ordi spr ove my hypot hesi s t hat a heavy di vi si on can suppor tweapon syst em r epl acement oper at i ons.

Resear ch Fl owI n or der t o di vi de t he r esear ch t ask i nt o a wor kabl e

sys t em I devel oped f our phases i n whi ch t o conduct t her esear ch. The f our phases wer e: (1) Resear chi ng Pr i mar ysour ces; ( 2 ) Research of Ar my Regul at i ons; 3 ) Resear chSecondar y Sour ces; and 4 ) Conduct i ng I nt er vi ews.I n Phase 1 I concent r at ed on f i ndi ng pr i mar y wr i t t ensour ces r el at i ng t o t he r econst i t ut i on of gr ound f or ces. Iconduct ed t hi s r esear ch by doi ng a l i t er at ur e sear ch at t heFor t Leavenwor t h Combi ned Ar ms Resear ch Li br ar y. Thi ssear ch i ncl uded not onl y books but per i odi cal s and ot herpubl i shed paper s wr i t t en on r econst i t ut i on. Once t he sear chwas compl et ed and t he sour ces r evi ewed, I t r ans i t i oned t oPhase 2 Researchi ng Regul at i ons and Manual s.

I n Phase 2 I st ar t ed r esear chi ng Ar my Regul at i onsand Manual s. Thi s phase pr ovi ded me wi t h t he bul k ofdocument ed i nf or mat i on on weapon syst em r epl acementoper at i ons. I began my s ear ch wi t h t he r egul at i ons andmanual s r el at i ng t o l ogi st i cs. The next st ep was t he r evi ewof r egul at i ons and manual s t hat addr ess per sonnelr epl acement oper at i ons. I r esear ched not onl y cur r entpubl i cat i ons, but r esear ched manual s dat i ng back t o t he year

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1949.across a r ef er ence t o an Echel ons Above Cor ps St udy. Thi sst udy i s t he ear l i est r ef er ence on weapon syst em r epl acement

Whi l e r esear chi ng t he ol der publ i cat i ons I came

oper at i ons. Af t er exhaust i ng al l t he poss i bl e l ogi st i caland per sonnel publ i cat i ons, I deci ded t o r esear ch secondar ysour ces.

Phase 3 , Secondar y Sour ces was a t i me consum ngpr ocess. I t ook pr i mar y sources that I had gat hered dur i ngPhase 1 and used t hei r bi bl i ogr aphi es as possi bl e sour ces.Dur i ng t he r evi ew of t he bi bl i ogr aphi es I chose onl y t hesour ces t hat r el at ed t o r econst i t ut i on , personnelr epl acement oper at i ons, and equi pment r epl acement oper at i onst o r evi ew.

Al so dur i ng Phase 3 I cont act ed t he Def enseLogi st i cs St udi es I nf or mat i on Exchange, ( DLSI E) . Thi s wasan excel l ent sour ce of i nf or mat i on f or mat t er s r el at i ng t oDepar t ment of Def ense l ogi st i cal i ssues. I r equest edbi bl i ogr aphi es and abst r act s i n t he ar eas of r econs t i t ut i on,weapon syst em r epl acement s oper at i ons, and t he Yom Ki pperWar . Out of t hi s sear ch I obt ai ned one of my key wor ks,Weapon Syst em Repl acement Operat i ons ( Test ) publ i cat i on. Cal so obt ai ned' st udi es on t he Yom Ki pper War . I used t hesest udi es as an hi st or i cal per spect i ve on t he i mpor t ance ofr econst i t ut i on i n moder n war f ar e.

The l ast por t i on of Phase 3 was t o go to t he Cent er f orAr my Lessons Lear ned l ocat ed at For t Leavenwor t h. Thecent er has a l ogi st i cs dat a base t hat was est abl i shed i n

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1986. The composi t i on of t he dat a base i s l essons l ear nedand obser vat i ons f r om uni t s conduct i ng var i ous oper at i ons.I sear ched t hi s l ogi st i cal dat a base and t al ked wi t h t hel ogi st i cs coordi nat or. The dat a base di d not have anyl essons l ear ned or obser vat i ons on weapon syst em r epl acementoper at i ons , or r econst i t ut i on t hat appl i ed.

The Four t h Phase i s when I conduct ed i nt er vi ewsbased on a quest i onnai r e. I wi l l di scuss the quest i onnai r ei n mor e det ai l l at er i n t hi s chapt er . I adm ni st er ed t hequest i onnai r e t o f our per sons i ncl udi ng mysel f . Al l of t heper sonnel wer e member s of t he Sout hwest Asi a t r ai ni ng t eamThi s t eam was r esponsi bl e f or t he conduct of weapon syst emr epl acement oper at i ons dur i ng Oper at i on Deser t St or m Thi swas t he onl y weapon syst em r epl acement oper at i on conduct eddur i ng t he Per si an Gul f War . The f our i ndi vi dual s r epr esenta cr oss sect i on of t he t eam One of t he i ndi vi dual s was amechani zed i nf ant r y company t r ai ner , t wo wer e ar mor companyt r ai ner s and t he f our t h was t he l ogi s t i cs of f i cer f or t heoper at i on. Upon t he compl et i on of t he i nt er vi ews, Icompi l ed t he i nf or mat i on gai ned. Thi s compi l ed i nf or mat i oni s t he basi s of how t o execut e weapon syst em oper at i ons.Thi s i nf or mat i on i s used i n t he devel opment of t he scenar i o.Thi s compl et ed t he f our phases of t he r esear ch. The r esul t sof t he i nt er vi ews ar e i n Appendi x B.

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guest i onnai r e Devel oDmentThe quest i onnai r e was devel oped t o capt ur e

i nf or mat i on on t he weapon syst em r epl acement oper at i onconduct ed dur i ng Oper at i on Deser t St or m The r esul t i ngi nf or mat i on wi l l est abl i sh t he basi s of how t o conduct t heoper at i on. Thi s i s ext r emel y i mpor t ant si nce none of t hel i t er at ur e r esear ched cover ed how t o conduct t he oper at i on.

The quest i onnai r e was subm t t ed t hr ough t heappr opr i at e channel s at Command and Gener al St af f Col l egeand appr oved. The f ocus of t he quest i onnai r e was on t heconduct of t he m ssi on, t r ai ni ng r equi r ement s, ext er nal andi nt er nal l ogi st i cal r equi r ement s, command and cont r ol ,dur at i on of t r ai ni ng, t eam or gani zat i onal s t r uctur e, andot her concer ns t hat per t ai ned t o t he success of t heoper at i on. The end pr oduct of t he quest i onnai r e was t odet er m ne t he "how t o por t i on" of t he oper at i on. An exampl eof t he quest i onnai r e i s i n Appendi x A.The quest i onnai r e i s a cr i t i cal l i nk i n capt ur i ngvi t al i nf or mat i on on t he onl y known war t i me weapon sys t emr epl acement oper at i on. The i nf or mat i on i s used i n t hescenar i o on how a di vi si on can conduct t he weapon syst emr epl acement oper at i on.

St r enst hs and Li m t at i onsThe st r engt h of t hi s st udy i s t he compi l at i on of

past hi st ory i n weapon syst em r epl acement oper at i ons. Ther esear ch pr ovi des a compl et e hi st or i cal per spect i ve of when.

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t he oper at i on became par t of U. S. Ar my doct r i ne. The t hesi sexam nes t he past conf l i ct s of t he Yom Ki pper War and Wor l dWar 11. I t emphasi zes t he i mpor t ance of r econst i t ut i on ont he moder n bat t l e f i el d si nce WW I . The quest i onnai r epr ovi des i nf or mat i on not pr evi ousl y compi l ed. I t pr ovi desdat a on how t he U. S. Ar my conduct ed weapon syst emr epl acement oper at i ons dur i ng oper at i on Deser t St or m Al lt he af or e ment i oned pr ovi des a compl et e hi st or i cal anal ysi sof weapon syst em r epl acement oper at i ons.

The l i m t at i on of t he st udy i s t hat i t does noti ncor por at e cl assi f i ed dat a or document s. The scope of t hest udy i s l i m t ed t o how weapon syst em r epl acement oper at i onsa f f ec t s a heavy di vi s i on. The anal ysi s wi t hi n t he di vi s i oni s l i m t ed t o t wo pr i mar y weapon syst ems, t anks and ar mor edpersonnel car r i er s. These t wo weapon sys t ems are used si ncet hey ar e t he most pr eval ent syst ems i n t he di vi si on. Theyal so r epr esent t he pr i mar y di r ect f i r e weapon syst ems f ort he di vi s i on.

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CHAPTER I VSCENARI O, REQUI REMENTS AND CAPABI LI TI ES

The anal ysi s of t he t hesi s r evol ves around apar t i cul ar scenar i o. Thi s scenar i o pr ovi des t he necessar ybackgr ound i nf or mat i on and set s t he st age f or t he anal ysi s.I t al so al l ows f or t he l ogi cal f l ow of t he pr ocedur es f orconduct i ng weapon syst em r epl acement oper at i ons wi t hi n aheavy di vi s i on.

Fol l owi ng t he descr i pt i on of t he scenar i o, t her equi r ement s wi l l cover t he expect ed equi pment and per sonnell osses. The next st ep i s t o det er m ne t he di vi s i on' scapabi l i t i es . Af t er t he capabi l i t i es are det er m ned, t hel i st i ng of t he r equi r ement s needed t o conduct weapon syst emr epl acement oper at i ons i s addr essed.

Scenar i oThi s scenar i o i s f i ct i on and was t aken f r om t he

Command and Gener al St af f Col l ege' s C320 Eur opeanOper at i onal Si t uat i on pr act i cal exer ci se. However , t heposs i bi l i t y of U. S. f or ces bei ng depl oyed i n some par t oft he f or mer Sovi et Uni on or East er n Eur ope i s l i kel y. Thi si s a good r epr esent at i ve scenar i o f rom whi ch t o conduct t heanal ysi s on weapon syst em r epl acement oper at i ons.

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t o r eest abl i sh t he buf f er pr ovi ded by t he ol d War saw Pact ,and prepar e t o def end al ong t he ol d i nt er - Ger man and Czechbor der s, and r epel Nat o count er at t acks.

I n r esponse t o t he enact ment of t he Four Pl us TwoAgr eement t he Uni t ed St at es has depl oyed t he 10t h U. S.Cor ps. The Cor ps i s compr i sed of t he 25t h Ar mor ed Di vi si on,52nd I nf ant r y Di vi si on ( Mech) , and t he 209t h Ar mor ed Cal var yRegi ment . Al l Uni t s have depl oyed and have r ecei ved t hei rm ss i ons. For t he pur pose of t hi s thes i s I wi l l onl yconcent r at e on t he 52nd I nf ant r y ( Mech) Di vi si 0n. l

52nd I nf ant r y ( Mech) Di vi si on' s M ssi onThe Di vi s i on i s t o def end i n sect or t o bl ock t hreat .

second- echel on Di vi s i ons f r om penet r at i ng phase l i ne l i ght .I n or der t o succeed t he di vi si on commander has

deci ded t o empl oy al l t hr ee br i gades a br east wi t h a TankCompany i n r eser ve. The di vi si on wi l l have at l east 12hour s t o est abl i sh t he def ense wi t h t he 209t h Ar mor edCal var y conduct i ng a cover i ng f or ce m ssi on i n f r ont of t hedi vi si on. The commander ant i ci pat es t he di vi si on dest r oyi ngt he second echel on di vi si ons no ear l i er t han t hr ee daysaf t er i ni t i al cont act i s made.

Composi t i on Of The 52nd I nf ant r y ( Mech) Di vi si onThe 52nd I nf ant r y ( Mech) Di vi s i on i s a f i c t i onal

di vi si on. The di vi si on i s or gani zed accor di ng t o t he Tabl eof Equi pment TOE ) 01 3. The di vi s i on i s compr i sed of t hef ol l owi ng uni t s: I nf ant r y Headquar t er s and Headquar t er s

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Company; Si gnal Bat t al i on; Cal var y Br i gade Ai r At t ack;Engi neer Br i gade; Chem cal Company; Di vi s i on Ar t i l l er y; Ai rDef ense Ar t i l l er y Bat t al i on; M l i t ar y I nt el l i genceBat t al i on; Ar mor Br i gade Headquar t er s and Headquar t er sCompany; Two I nf ant r y Br i gade Headquar t er s and Headquar t er scompani es; M l i t ar y Pol i ce Company; f i ve I nf ant r yBat t al i ons; f i ve Tank Bat t al i ons; and t he Di vi s i on Suppor tCommand.

I n or der t o l at er addr ess t he capabi l i t i es of t hedi vi s i on' s l ogi st i cal syst em we must set t he or gani zat i on oft he Di vi s i on Suppor t Command. The Di vi s i on Suppor t Commandconsi st s of t he f ol l owi ng uni t s: Headquar t er s andHeadquar t er s Company and Mat er i al Management Cent er ;Tr anspor t at i on Ai r cr af t Mai nt enance Company; t hr ee For war dSuppor t Bat t al i ons; and a Mai n Suppor t Bat t a l i ~n. ~hepor t i on of t he Di vi si on Suppor t Command t hat t hi s t hesi swi l l concent r at e f or l ogi st i cal suppor t i s t he Mai n Suppor tBat t al i on.

The Mai n suppor t Bat t al i on f or t hi s t hesi s i sor gani zed based on t he Tabl e of Or gani zat i on 63- 1355. Thef ol l owi ng uni t s compr i se t he Mai n Suppor t Bat t al i on:Headquar t er s and Headquar t er s Det achment ; Tr anspor t at i onMot or Tr anspor t Company; Suppl y and Ser vi ce Company; HeavyMai nt enance Company; Li ght Mai nt enance Company; Medi calSuppor t Company; and a M ss i l e Suppor t Company. 4

The company t hat per f or ms t he maj or i t y of t he suppl yf unct i ons f or t he di vi s i on, m nus r epai r par t s , i s the

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Suppl y and Ser vi ce Company. The Suppl y and Ser vi ce Companyconsi st s of t he f ol l owi ng sub- uni t s: The CompanyHeadquar t er s; Suppl y Pl at oon consi st i ng of t hr ee sect i ons,Pl at oon Headquar t er s, Cl ass 11, I V, and VI I sect i on;Pet r ol eum Pl at oon; and t he Wat er and Cl ass I P l a t ~o n . ~

The combat uni t s f or t hi s t hesi s are t he f i ve TankBat t al i ons, Fi ve I nf ant r y Bat t al i ons and the Di vi s i onCal var y Squadr on. As s t at ed ear l i er , t hi s t hes i s wi l laddr ess weapon syst em r epl acement oper at i ons f or t he M1 Tankand t he M2/ M3 Br adl ey I nf ant r y Fi ght i ng Vehi cl e. The t ot alnumber of M2/ M3' s t hat an I nf ant r y Bat t al i on has i s 60. 6The tot al Ml's t hat a Tank Bat t al i on has i s 58 and i t al sohas 6 M ~ ' s . ~he Cal var y Squadr on has 40 M3' s. ' TheDi vi s i on has a t ot al of 290 M1 Tanks ( 5 Tank Bat t al i ons X 58Tanks) , and a t ot al of 370 M2/ M3' s ((5 I nf ant r y Bat t al i ons X60) + ( 5 Tank Bat t al i ons X 6) + ( 4 0 X 1 Cal var y Squadr on) }.

Di vi s i on Lou st i c CaDab l i t i esThe l ogi s t i cal capabi l i t i es that t hi s t hes i s i s

i nt er est ed i n ar e t hose of t he Suppl y and Ser vi ce Company oft he Mai n Suppor t Bat t al i on. The r eason f or t hi s i s t he i ti s t he onl y company t hat handl es Cl ass VI I ( Maj or EndI t ems) . The company i s al so t he mai n st or age area f or t hedi vi s i on f or al l c l asses of suppl y. except c l ass I x ( r epai rpar t s) and cl ass V ( ammuni t i on) .

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The capabi l i t i es of t he Suppl y and Ser vi ce Company( TOE 42-7J) ar e der i ved f r om FM 101-10-l/l.9 The uni t atl evel one, pr ovi des t he f ol l owi ng:

1. Can r ecei ve and pr ovi de t empor ar y st or age f or ,and i ssues 39.185 short tons ofshor t t ons of c l ass I 1 ( gener alof c l ass I 11 package ( l ubr i cant

Cl ass I ( r at i ons) , ; 58.055suppl i es ) ; 10.285 short tons; 22.1 shor t t ons of Cl ass

I V ( bui l di ng mat er i al ) ; and 23.-7 short tons of cl as s VI I( Maj or end i t ems) , l ess ai r cr af t , and communi cat i ons andel ect r oni cs equi pment .

2. Pr ovi des up t o f i ve wat er suppl y poi nt s i n t hedi vi si on suppor t ar ea and br i gade suppor t ar eas f orpur i f i cat i on and di s t r i but i on.

3. Can st or e 30,000 gal l ons and i ssui ng 120,000gal l ons of wat er per day. I t can di st r i but e 12,000 gal l onsbased on t wo t r i ps per day.

4 . I s cauabl e of st or i na and i ssui na 302.600gal l ons of bul k pet r ol eum per day. Can di st r i but e 197,200gal l ons based on t wo t r i ps per day. I t al so oper at es mobi l er oads i de f i l l i ng s t at i ons t o r ef uel t r ans i t vehi cl es .

5 . Oper at es a sal vage col l ect i on poi nt f or mai nl yc l ass I 1 i t ems.

6 . Pr ovi des f ood ser vi ce suppor t f or uni t s assi gnedt o t he Mai n suppor t Bat t al i on, except f or t he medi calcompany.

7. Mai nt ai ns t he di vi si on' s reser ve suppl i es andequi pment f or whi ch t he company i s r esponsi bl e.

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These capabi l i t i es pr ovi de t he basi s f or whet her t hedi vi si on can conduct weapon syst em r epl acement oper at i ons.The next st ep det erm nes t he l osses and requi r ement s.

Reaui r ement sEqui pment Losses And Requi r ement s

The l osses t he di vi si on can expect ar e a est i mat ebased on FM 101-10-1/2.10t o use nucl ear or bi ol ogi cal weapons and l i m t ed use ofchem cal i s expect ed. Based on t hese f act s t he l osscal cul at i ons ar e comput ed at t he m d- i nt ensi t y conf l i ctl evel .

The enemy f or ces ar e not expect ed

Tank or Br adl ey l osses ar e any i nci dent t hatpr ecl udes t he weapon syst em f r om per f or m ng t he assi gnedm ssi on. The l oss may be caused by bat t l e damage, cr ewf ai l ur e, or mai nt enance f ai l ur e. For t he pur pose of t hi sanal ysi s t he di vi si on has a good mai nt enance syst em and i s100 per cent oper at i onal r eady. Anot her f act or i s t he Cor psand Theat er ar e est abl i shed and abl e t o suppor t t he di vi si onwi t h r epai r par t s. For pl anni ng pur poses 8 0 per cent ofcal cul at ed l osses ar e r epai r abl e by uni t and i nt er medi at emai nt enance. Thi s i s based on mai nt enance si mul at i ons wher et he aver age r epai r t i me f or r epai r abl e l osses wer e 10 manhour s.

The l oss r at es ar e based on a m d- i nt ensi t y conf l i cti n the Eur opean Theat er wi t h' a t hr eat t o f r i endl y r at i o of 3

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o r 4 t o 1. The loss f a c t o r s f o r da y o ne th ro u gh t h r e e a r e :22 p e r c e n t f o r d ay on e; 1 2 p e r c e n t f o r day two; and 6p e r c e n t f o r d ay t h r e e .

As d is cu ss ed e a r l i e r i n t h i s C ha pte r t h e d i v i s i o nhas 370 M2/3 Bradleys . The t o t a l c a t a s t r o p h ic l o s s e s f o rM2/3's are:Day One: 16(370 M2/3 X .22 = 81.4; 81.4 X .80 = 65.12; 81.4 - 65.12 =16.28 r ou nd t o 16).Day Two: 7(370 - 81.4 = 288.6; 288.6 X .12 = 34.6; 34.6 X .80 = 27.7;34.6 - 27.7 = 6.9 ro un d t o 7).Day Three: 4((288.6 65.12) - 34.6 = 319.12; 319.12 X .06 = 19.15;19.15 X .80 = 15.32; 19.15 - 15.32 = 3.83 r ou nd t o 4).Fo r t h e t h r e e da ys of b a t t l e t h e d i v i s i o n h a s a p r o j e c t e dt o t a l l o s s of 27 M2/3 B r a d l e ys .

The d i v i s i o n h a s 290 M1 Tanks t o s t a r t t h e b a t t l ewi th . The t o t a l c a t a s t r o p hi c l o s s e s f o r t h e Ml's a r e :Day One: 13(290 X .22 = 63.8; 63.8 X .80 = 51.04; 63.8 - 51.04 = 12.76ro un d t o 13).Day Two: 5(290 - 63.8 = 226.2; 226.2 X .12 = 27.14; 27.14 X .80 =21.72; 27.14 - 21.72 = 5.42 ro un d t o 5).

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Day Thr ee: 3(226.2 + 51.04 = 271.24; 277.24 X .06 = 16.64;16.64 X . SO = 13.31; 16.64 - 13.31 = 3.33 r ound t o 3).The t ot al l osses f or M1 Tanks f or t he t hr ee days of conf l i ctare 21.

The t ot al l osses of 27 M2/3 Br adl ey' s and 21 M1Tanks pr ovi de t he essent i al dat a t o compar e t he di vi si on' scapabi l i t y t o suppor t weapon syst em r epl acement oper at i ons.I n or der f or t he di vi si on t o mai nt ai n t he moment um of t hef i ght t he di vi si on must r epl ace t hese weapon syst ems. Thet ot al i mpact of t hese weapon syst ems t o t he di vi si on i sabout a bat t al i ons wor t h of combat power . The nextr equi r ement i s t o cal cul at e t he per sonnel needs of t heweapon syst ems.

Per sonnel Losses And Requi r ement sThe l osses and t he r equi r ement s f or per sonnel

r equi r es i nt ensi ve management by t he di vi si on Gl / AG. I nor der f or weapon syst em r epl acement operat i ons t o wor kpr oper l y t he r epl acement s f or t he f i r st t wo days of conf 1i c: tmust be pushed f or war d based on equi pment l osses. Ther eason f or t hi s i s t hat t he di vi s i on i s est i mat i ng t he t ot all oss based on weapon syst ems. Al so, t he di vi si on wi l l havea nat ur al l ag i n t hei r r epor t i ng syst em I n t he f og ofbat t l e t he most some commander s may know i s t hey need xamount of weapon syst ems. They may not know t he t ot alamount of per sonnel by t ype t hat t hey need. To pr ovi de t he

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r epl acement weapon syst em t o t he f i el d commander s f or t henext days f i ght , t he di vi si on must have t he r epl acementcr ews i n advance. Thi s wi l l al l ow t he di vi si on t o mat ch t hel oss r epor t s wi t h t he number of i ncom ng r epl acement s andt he ret ur n- t o- dut y per sonnel wi t hi n t he di vi s i on.

For t hi s scenar i o t he di vi s i on r equi r es 18 M1 Tankand 23 M2/M3 Br adl ey r epl acement cr ews. The t ot alr epl acement s for t he M Tanks ar e 1 2 per sonnel and 69per sonnel f or t he M2/3 Br adl ey. The per sonnel r equi r ementf or t he t hi r d day and f ol l ow on oper at i ons i s mor ecompl i cat ed. The f ol l ow on days per sonnel r equi r ement s mustt ake i nt o account per sonnel ( par t of cr ews) t hat ar er et ur ned t o dut y and per sonnel avai l abl e t hat do not have aweapon syst em t o man.

The way a di vi si on manages t he f ol l ow on per sonnelr equi r ement s t hat ar e cr ew dependent i s by t he weapon syst emr epor t . Thi s r epor t pr ovi des t he G1 wi t h i nf ormat i on on t henumber of cr ews needed f or a par t i cul ar weapon system Theweapon syst em manager uses t he r epor t t o det er m ne t heamount of t he var i ous weapon syst ems needed. The weaponsyst em r epor t i dent i f i es t he requi r ement f or f ul l y crewedweapon syst ems f or t he di vi si on.

For t he pur pose of t hi s anal ysi s t he Cor ps i ssendi ng t he r equi r ed cr ews f or day one and t wo. A l s o , t heweapon syst em r epor t s i ndi cat e t hat t he di vi si on r equi r est wo addi t i onal f ul l y cr ewed M2s and 3 Mls.

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Ext er nal Suppor tThe di vi si on i s suppor t ed by t he 10t h COSCOM. The

COSCOM suppor t s t he di vi si on wi t h a Cor ps Suppor t Gr oup( FWD) . The Gr oup i s l ocat ed i n t he vi ci ni t y of t hedi vi si on' s r ear boundar y. The Cor ps Suppor t Gr oup wi l lsuppor t t he di vi si on wi t h Ammuni t i on, Fi el d Ser vi ces, Bul kPet r ol eum Tr anspor t at i on, Gener al Suppl i es, and Back upMai nt enance Suppor t . The Cor ps Suppor t Gr oup i ssuf f i ci ent l y manned and or gani zed t o suppor t t he di vi si on.

I n addi t i on t o t he Cor ps Suppor t Gr oup t he COSCOMwi l l pr ovi de a MASH f or medi cal suppor t . The Cor ps al sopr ovi des per sonnel ser vi ces t hat i ncl ude a r epl acementsect i on f r om t he Cor ps r epl acement company. The di vi si onwi l l r ecei ve Cl ass VI I . ( maj or end i t ems) f r om t he HeavyMat er i el Suppl y Company posi t i oned i n t he Cor ps r ear ar ea.

The Heavy Mat er i el Suppl y Company cur r ent l y hass uf f i ci ent Mls and M2/ 3s t o suppor t t he di vi s i on' s i ni t i alt hree day r equi r ement s. The Heavy Mat er i el Suppl y Companyi s cur r ent l y maki ng t he weapon syst ems r eady- f or - i ssue. TheCompany ant i ci pat es t he f i r st shi pment s of 13 Mls and 16M2/ 3s ar r i vi ng at t he di vi si on on D m nus 3. The nextshi pment of 5 M s and I M2/ 3s on D m nus 2. The t hi r dshi pment of 3 Ml s and 2 M2/3s on D m nus 1.

The Cor ps i s abl e t o send t he i ni t i al cr ews t hat ar eneeded f or t he f i r st t hr ee days of t he conf l i ct . The Cor psRepl acement Company has t he cr ews avai l abl e. The cr ews ar et o ar r i ve at t he r epl acement det achment l ocat ed i n t he

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di vi si on suppor t ar ea. The f i r st cr ews earmar ked f or weaponsyst em r epl acement oper at i ons wi l l ar r i ve at t he r epl acementdet achment on D m nus t hr ee. The second i ncr ement ofr epl acement cr ews ar e expect ed t o ar r i ve at t he r epl acementdet achment on D m nus t wo. The t hi r d i ncr ement ofr epl acement cr ews ar e due t o ar r i ve on D m nus one. Theseare not t he onl y r epl acement s t hat ar e sent t o t he di vi si on.The next st ep i s t o det er m ne t he per sonnel r equi r ement s,based on t he pr oj ect ed t hr ee days of combat oper at i ons.

Per sonnel r epl acement r equi r ement s f or t he di vi si onare an est i mat i on based on FM 101-10-1/2. The est i mat esar e based on t he Ar mor ed Di vi si on. The r eason f or t hi s i st he dat a i n t he manual i s a repr esent at i ve anal ysi s of t heKor ean War and wor l d War 11. I n bot h of t hese war s Ar mor edPer sonnel Car r i er s wer e not used. Al so, i n t odays Ar my anAr mor ed Di vi si on has si x Tank Bat t al i ons and f our I nf ant r yBat t al i ons, ver ses f i ve and f i ve i n a Mechani zed I nf ant r yDi vi s i on. Ther ef or e, f or t he pur pose of t hi s anal ys i s t heAr mor ed Di vi si on dat a i s used i nst ead of t he I nf ant r yDi vi s i on dat a.

The per sonnel st r engt h of t he 52nd I nf ant r y ( MECH)Di vi s i on i s 16,247 aut hor i zed and assi gned st r engt h i s15,435 ( 95%) . The percent age of l oss f or t he f i r s t day ofcombat i s 3. 5 per cent and 1. 9 per cent f or succeedi ng days.The f i r st st ep i s t o comput e t he t ot al l osses. Af t er t het ot al l osses ar e comput ed, t he next st ep i s t o cal cul at e t he

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i n f a n t r y and armor losses . Theset h e t o t a l l o s s .

1 To t a l L oss es :A u th o ri ze d s t r e n g t h of d i v i s i o nA s s i g n e d s t r e n g t h 1st dayLosses, 1st d a y , ( 3 . 5 x 1 5 , 4 3 5 )A s si gn e d s t r e n g t h e nd of 1st dayLosses, 2nd day, (1 . 9 x 14 ,895)A s si gn e d s t r e n g t h e nd of 2nd dayLosses, 3 rd d a y , ( 1 . 9 X 1 4 , 6 1 2 )Ass igned s t r en g th end o f 3 rd

2 . gnf a n t r v Lo s s e s :1st day l o s s e s ( 6 2 X 540)2nd day l osses ( 6 2 X 283)3 rd d a y l osses (6 2 X 278)

3. Armored Losses:1st day losses (23 .1 X 540)2nd day losses (23 .1 X 283)3rd day l osses (2 3 . 1 X 278)

losses are a p e rc e n t a g e o f

1 6 , 2 4 715,435

54014,895

2831 4 ,6 1 2

278day 14,334

3351751 7 2

T o t a l 682

1256564

T o t a l 254T h e d i v i s i o n w i l l h a v e 682 In f a n t ry losses and 254

A r m o r l osses f o r t h e p r o j e c t e d t h r e e day b a t t l e . The nexts t e p i s t o com pute t h e r e t u r n - t o - d u t y p e r s o n n e l . T h i s i sc a l c u l a t e d on t h e m e d ic al p a t i e n t f l o w . The r e t u r n - t o - d u t y

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per sonnel ar e subt r act ed f r om t he t ot al l osses whi chpr ovi des t he t ot al r epl acement s r equi r ed.

The medi cal evacuat i on pol i cy i n t he Theat er ofOper at i ons det er m nes t he amount of r et ur ned- t o- dut yper sonnel t he di vi si on can expect . The evacuat i on pol i cyal so depends on t he mat ur i t y of t he Theat er . I n t hi sscenar i o t he Theat er i s consi der ed mat ur e and has anest abl i shed medi cal i nf r ast r uctur e. W t h t hi s i n m nd, t heTheat er evacuat i on pol i cy i s 30 days and t he Cor psevacuat i on pol i cy i s 7 days. The t ypes of bat t l e l osses ar eki l l ed, wounded and capt ur ed/ m ssi ng. Accor di ng t o FM 101-10-1/2, t he per cent ages t hat per t ai n to each of t hese t ypesar e: 18% f or k i l l ed; 72% f or wounded; and 10 f o rcapt ur ed\ m ssi ng. lt he act ual wounded ar e t hat need t r eat ment whi ch i s 72% oft he t ot al l osses. To det er m ne t he needs of each br anch ofcausal i t i es I wi l l det er m ne t he r et ur n- t o- dut y r at e f oreach br anch.

Thi s pr ovi des us wi t h t he basi s of what

The I nf ant r y br anch i s expect ed t o have 682 l os ses .Out of t he 682 l osses 28% wi l l not r et ur n- t o- dut y, becauset hey wer e ei t her k i l l ed, m ssi ng or capt ur ed. Thi scal cul at es t o 191 per sonnel , whi ch r epl acement s are neededat t hi s poi nt . The wounded per sonnel t hat must be t r eat edi s 491 personnel (682 - 191). Out of t he 491 l osses 1 wi l ldi e of wounds whi ch i s 5 per sons, and 36 ar e t r eat ed by t heCompany ai dsmen and Bat t al i on Ai d St at i ons and r et ur ned- t o-dut y, whi ch i s 175 per sons. Thi s l eaves 311 that are

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evacuat ed t o t he Br i gade and Di vi si on Cl ear i ng St at i ons. Att he Br i gade and Di vi si on Cl ear i ng St at i ons 47% ar e r et ur ned-t o- dut y, whi ch i s 146 per sonnel . The r est of t he l osses,165, ar e t hen evacuat ed t o t he Cor ps Hospi t al s. At t heCor ps 2 wi l l di e of wounds whi ch i s 3 per sons. Out of t het hose evacuat ed 23 wi l l be ret ur ned af t er appr oxi mat el yseven days. For t he pur pose of t hi s scenar i o of a t hr ee daybat t l e t hese per sonnel wi l l need t o be r epl aced. Thi sanal ysi s pr ovi des us wi t h an appr oxi mat e t ot al of 321r et ur ned- t o- dut y per sonnel out of t he 682 l osses .Ther ef or e, t he di vi s i on wi l l need 361 I nf ant r y r epl acement s.

The Ar mor br anch bat t l e l osses wer e est i mat ed at 254per sonnel . Out of t he 254 l osses 28% wer e k i l l ed, m ssi ngor capt ur ed, f or a t ot al of 71 per sonnel . Thi s l eaves 183per sonnel t hat wer e evacuat ed t hr ough t he medi cal sys t emBet ween t he Company ai dsmen and t he Bat t al i on Ai d St at i ons1 ar e di ed of wounds ( 2 per sonnel ) and 65 per sons ar er et ur ned t o dut y (36%). The r emai ni ng 116 per sonnel ar eevacuat ed t o t he Br i gade and Di vi si on Cl ear i ng St at i ons.Out of t he 116 per sonnel , 54 ar e r et ur ned- t o- dut y (47%).Thi s l eaves 62 per sonnel t hat are evacuat ed t o Cor psHospi t al s. At t he Cor ps Hospi t al one per son wi l l di e ofwounds and 9 are r et ur ned- t o- dut y af t er appr oxi mat el y sevendays. Si nce t he di vi s i on' s bat t l e i s pr oj ected t o t ake onl yt hr ee days t he r et ur n- t o- dut y per sonnel at t he Cor ps l evelr equi r e r epl acement s. Thi s anal ysi s of t he Ar mor l osses

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pr ovi des 119 Ar mor br anch r et ur ned- t o- dut y per sonnel .Ther ef or e, t he di vi s i on wi l l r equi r e 135 Ar mor r epl acement sfor t he pr oj ect ed t hr ee day bat t l e.

Based on t he pr oj ect ed l osses by I nf ant r y Br anch andAr mor Br anch and t he r et ur ned- t o- dut y anal ysi s, t he di vi si onwi l l r equi r e 361 I nf ant r y and 135 Ar mor r epl acement s. I nt he ear l i er anal ysi s of pr oj ect ed weapon syst ems r equi r ed,t he det er m nat i on was t hat t he di vi si on needed 27 M2/3Br adl eys and 21 M1 Tanks. Thi s pr ovi des a r equi r ement of 81I nf ant r y per sonnel f or cr ews f or t he M2/3s and 84 Ar morper sonnel as M 1 Tank cr ews. The r epl acement per sonnelr equi r ed t o conduct t he weapon syst em r epl acement oper at i onsdoes not exceed t he t ot al r equi r ed r epl acement s by br anchf or t he di vi si on. The per sonnel r equi r ement f or t he M2/3 i st went y t wo per cent of t he t ot al I nf ant r y r epl acement s. Theper sonnel r equi r ement f or t he M1 i s si xt y t wo per cent of t het ot al Ar mor r epl acement s.

Tr ai ni ng Requi r ement s For Repl acement Cr ewsThe di vi s i on G-3 has est abl i shed t he t r ai ni ng

r equi r ement s f or t he cr ews t hat ar e par t of t he weaponsyst em r epl acement oper at i ons. He has al so devel oped at r ai ni ng t eam t o t r ai n t he r epl acement cr ews.

The G-3 has di vi ded t he t r ai ni ng r equi r ement s i nt ot wo cat egor i es, act i ve dut y r epl acement s com ng f r omst at esi de uni t s and AI T/ i ndi vi dual r eady r eser ver epl acement s. The G- 3 has t al ked wi t h t he G-1 and

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ant i c i pat es onl y havi ng r epl acement s f r om st at esi de uni t s.However , he has t r ai ni ng gui dance f or bot h cat egor i es ofr epl acement s.

The t r ai ni ng r equi r ement s/ t asks f or t he act i ve dut yr epl acement s t o be conduct ed i n t hr ee days ar e as f ol l ows:1. Fam l i ar i zat i on wi t h t he Rul es of Engagement .2 . Pr epar e weapon syst em f or combat .3. Boresi ght and ver i f y al l weapon syst ems.4 . I nt el l i gence updat e.5. Li m t ed Cr ew dr i l l s .

The t r ai ni ng r equi r ement s for t he AI T/ i ndi vi dualr eady r eser ve are expect ed t o t ake 5 days and i ncor por at et he above r equi r ement s and t he f ol l owi ng:6 . Addi t i onal c rew dr i l l s7. Vehi c l e i dent i f i cat i on8 . Pr event i ve Mai nt enance9 . Addi t i onal t i me and t r ai ni ng i n bor esi ght i ng andver i f i cat i on.

The t r ai ni ng t eam t hat was devel oped i s model edaf t er t he weapon syst em r epl acement oper at i on conduct ed i nDeser t St or m The Model i s desi gned f or pl at oon packagesf or t r ai ni ng pur poses. Thi s does not mean t hat t hese weaponsys t ems have t o be depl oyed as pl at oons. The m ni mum numbarof t r ai ner s ar e used due t o t he l i m t ed number of per sonnelt o conduct t hi s t r ai ni ng. These per sonnel have t o come outof t he di vi s i ons or gani c i nf r ast r uctur e.

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The t r ai ni ng model i s as f ol l ows:1. 1 each OI C ( Of f i cer i n Char ge) . I n char ge of t he ent i r et r ai ni ng oper at i on f or al l weapon syst ems. Thi s coul d be al LT, CPT, or a Mast er Ser geant .2 . 1 each NCOI C t o ass i st t he OI C, and t o conductcoor di nat i on.3 . 1 each NCO i n t he gr ade of St af f Ser geant or SergeantFi r st Cl ass per pl at oon. These NCO' s s houl d be 19K's f o rt he Ar mor pl at oons and 11M s f or t he I nf ant r y pl at oons.

The t r ai ni ng t eam wi l l need t he f ol l owi ng equi pmentt o conduct t he t r ai ni ng:1. 2 each M998 wi t h t wo r adi o net capabi l i t y.2 . 1 each compass per t r ai ner .3 . 1 each ni ght vi si on goggl es per t r ai ner .4 . 1 each car pent er s t ool k i t ( f or const r uct i ng t ar get s)

The t r ai ni ng model / t eam i s aust er e. However , t het eam can pr ovi de t he essent i al or gani zat i on t o conduct t het r ai ni ng. Thei t r ai ni ng i s not i nt ended t o be el abor at e, buti s desi gned t o bui l d cr ew conf i dence. The cr ew must knowt hat t hey can depend on t hei r weapon syst em They must al soknow what t o expect f r om t he enemy. Thi s t r ai ni ng wi l l hel pease t hei r anxi et i es .

Cr ew Anci l l ar y Equi pmentEven t hough a cr ew r ecei ves a weapon syst em i n ar eady- t o- i ssue st at e, t her e ar e addi t i onal pi eces ofequi pment needed t o make i t r eady- t o- f i ght . These pi eces of

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equi pment ar e nor mal l y s uppl i ed by t he or gani c company.Or di nar i l y t he company' s MTOE pr ovi des t hese pi eces ofequi pment . Si nce t hese are r epl acement weapon syst ems t hedi vi si on must pr ovi de t he addi t i onal pi eces of equi pment .The. di vi si on has , t wo opt i ons i n how- . t pr ~ov- i des. .hi sequi pment : - . : The f i r s t i s . f or t he gai ni ng uni t " t wTr ov- k&e. :heequi pment . : . . Thi s may. ; seem .o be. t he. eas i es t . way. ; . . . however , . .t h e . . ompany w . 11 have^ t o obt ai n. he equi pment . ~ r om t hedi vi si on. . Thi s . opt i on wi l l - add t i me- . andmay. r esul t i n t hecr ew goi r rg. . i nt a- bat t , l eot f ul l y equi pped. The second^met hod i s f or . t he.Suppl y : and Ser vi ce Company of t he Mai nSuppor t Bat t a l i on~t o s sue- t he . i t ems i r ec t l y' o the cr ew.The cr ew can' s i gn- - . f or he i t ems- when t hey s i gn f or t he.weapon.system . . Thi s al l ows~.he cr ew t o f or m and t r ai n wi t ht he weapon. s ys t em f ul l yoper at i onal , r eady- t o- f i ght . Thi swas. a l esson l ear ned i n t he weapon syst em r epl acementoper at i on i n Deser t St or m

The f ol l owi ng equi pment i s deemed necessar y as ar esul t of t he weapon syst em r epl acement oper at i on conduct edi n Deser t St or m1. CVC Hel met s f or al l cr ew member s.2 . 5 gal l on wat er cans t wo per vehi cl e3 . Compass one per vehi cl e4. GPS system i f avai l abl e5 . Bi nocul ar s, one per vehi cl e6. Ti e down st r aps

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7 . Cl eani ng equi pment ( br ushes, r ags, sol vent , ect . )8 Camouf l age syst em

I n addi t i on t o t hese i ndi vi dual i t ems t he Suppl yCompany wi l l need t o have Basi c I ssue I t ems avai l abl e t hatmaybe m ss i ng f r om t he weapon syst em Thi s t oo was apr obl em i n t he Weapon Syst em Repl acement Oper at i ons i nDeser t St or m Some of t he mor e i mpor t ant i t ems wer e:1. 3 / 4 i n socket set2 . Bor es i ght ki t3 . Gr ease gun4 . Tanker barThi s i s not an i nc l usi ve l i st of Basi c I ssue i t ems needed.The st ockage of i t ems and quant i t y st ocked i s based on t het ypes and quant i t i es of weapon sys t ems i ssued. The bestsour ce of i nf or mat i on on r equi r ed Basi c I ssue I t ems i s t hecor r espondi ng vehi cl e t echni cal manual . I n addi t i on t o t heBasi c I ss ue I t ems some addi t i onal aut hor i zed i t ems may ber equi r ed. They al so ar e f ound i n t he vehi cl e t echni calmanual .

Now t hat t he scenar i o, capabi l i t i es and r equi r ement sar e est abl i shed, t he next st ep i s t o conduct t he anal ysi s ofhow t he di vi si on conduct s weapon syst em r epl acementoper at i ons.

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CHAPTER VANALYSI S

Thi s anal ys i s i s based on the scenar i o out l i ned i nChapt er I V of t hi s thes i s . Chapt er I V al so out l i nes t hedi vi si on' s capabi l i t i es and r equi r ement s t o conduct t hedef ense i n sect or m ssi on i n t he scenar i o. The anal ys i swi l l anal yze how t he di vi si on can conduct weapon syst emr epl acement oper at i ons wi t hout ext er nal suppor t .

The f i r st i t em t hat t he di vi s i on must deci de upon i swho wi l l command and cont r ol t he oper at i on? The second st epf or t he di vi s i on i s how i s t he or gani zat i on st r uct ur ed? T h enext st ep i s t o det er m ne how t he r epl acement cr ews mar r y upwi t h t he r epl acement weapon sys t ems and wher e? The f our t hst ep i s who and how do you l ogi st i cal l y suppor t t heoper at i on? Last but not l east i s how and wher e t r ai ni ng i sconduct ed? These f i ve ar eas ar e t he basi s of t he over al lanal ysi s of how a di vi si on conduct s weapon syst emr epl acement oper at i ons?

Command and Cont r olTo . det er m ne . the.est command and cont r ol el . ement -

f or the: . per at i on t he, . mai n l a. yers must be . . i dent i f i ed. t hemai n. pl ayer s . . are. : The weapon.-system.manager-;-~.L--The~~G-3oft he di vi si on; The Suppl y and Ser vi ce Company~of he Mai n'

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Suppor t Bat t al i on; The G-1 of t he di vi s i on; and t he Di vi s i onSuppor t Commander . Each of t he' mai n pl ayer s pr ovi de anessent i al el ement f or t he m ssi on accompl i shment of t heweapon syst em r epl acement oper at i on.The weapon syst emmanager i s l ocat ed at t he Di vi si onMat er i al Management Cent er . He i s appoi nt ed by t he Di vi si onSuppor t Command commander . Hi s pr i mar y r esponsi bi l i t i es aret o i nt er f ace wi t h t he bat t al i on weapon syst em managers usi ngt he weapon syst em r epor t s. He keeps abr east of t he weaponsyst ems wi t hi n t he di vi si on. He anal yzes t he r epor t f orcompl et e weapon s yst ems needed ( cr ews and weapon sys t ems) .He t hen det er m nes whet her t he bat t al i ons need j ust cr ews orj ust t he weapon syst em He al so coor di nat es wi t h t he Cor psweapon syst emmanager t o ar t i cul at e t he di vi si ons needs andwhat i s avai l abl e t o t he di vi s i on. These r el at i onshi ps ar edepi ct ed i n Appendi x C, f i gur e one. He i s assi st ed by ar epr esent at i ve of t he G-1 who coor di nat es f or t he cr ews andcoor di nat es wi t h t he r epl acement det achment . The weaponsyst em manager al so coor di nat es wi t h t he Cl ass VI I ( maj orend i t ems) manager i n t he Di vi si on Mat er i al Managementcent er f or i ncom ng weapon syst ems. Thi s t wo per son sect i on( weapon syst em manager and per sonnel r epr esent at i ve) i s notst r uct ur ed f or commandi ng and cont r ol l i ng t he ent i r e weaponsyst em r epl acement oper at i on. The over al l oper at i on i s tovast f or t he weapon syst em manager t o cont r ol . He i s a keypl ayer i n t he coor di nat i on of t he asset s needed and i s t hekey l i nk f or t he weapon syst em r ep0r t . l Over bur deni ng t hi s

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st af f sect i on coul d r esul t i n not pr oper l y managi ng t het ot al weapon syst em needs f or t he di vi si on.

The di vi s i on G- 3 i s i n char ge of or gani zat i on,Ther e i s aper at i ons and t r ai ni ng f or t he di vi s i on. 2

t r ai ni ng r equi r ement f or t he r epl acement cr ews. I n Chapt erIV i t i s st at ed t hat t he G- 3 i s t o pr ovi de a t r ai ni ng t eamf or t he weapon syst em r epl acement oper at i on. However , t heG- 3 dur i ng war i s mor e concer ned wi t h t he or gani zat i on oft he di vi s i on and conduct of t he di vi s i on' s cur r ent m ssi on.The l ocat i on of t he G- 3 i s not i n t he pr oxi m t y of t heweapon syst em r epl acement oper at i on. Even t hough t he G- 3 i.sr esponsi bl e f or t he t r ai ni ng, he i s r emoved by di st ance for't he pur pose of command and cont r ol l i ng t he operat i on. Hedoes have a r epr esent at i ve i n t he di vi si on rear commandpost . However , t hi s per son i s al r eady overbur dened wi t hr equi r ement s.

The Suppl y and Ser vi ce Company of t he Mai n Suppor tBat t al i on pr ovi des t he mai n l ogi st i cal suppor t t o t heoper at i on. However , t he company i s al r eady st r essed i n t hear ea of command i n cont r ol . Thi s i s due t o t he di ver si f i ed,m ssi ons t he company conduct s t hat wer e out l i ned i n Chapt erIV. The company commander does not have t he dept h ofknowl edge of t he t ot al r equi r ement s i nvol ved wi t h weaponsyst em r epl acement oper at i on.

The di vi s i on G- 1' s maj or r esponsi bi l i t i es ar e: uni tst r engt h management , per sonnel ser vi ces suppor t , and t her epl acement oper at i ons f or t he d i ~i s i o n . ~i s st af f i s

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coor di nat i ng f or t he r epl acement cr ews as wel l as ot herr epl acement s f or t he di vi si on. He has a smal l st af f and i sconcer ned wi t h al l t he f unct i ons associ at ed wi t h per sonnelmanagement of t he di vi si on. He does not have t he st af f t ocommand and cont r ol t he weapon sys t em r epl acement oper at i on.

The Di vi s i on Suppor t Command commander i sr espons i bl e f or t he over al l l ogi st i cs execut i on f or t hedi vi si on. He i s col l ocat ed wi t h t he di vi si on r ear commandpost and has a compl et e st af f i nf r ast r uctur e. He cont r ol st he l ogi st i c f unct i ons of weapon syst em r epl acementoper at i ons. He i s r esponsi bl e f or t he consol i dat i on of t heweapon syst em r epor t s t hr ough t he weapon syst em manager . Hedoes depend on a t r ai ni ng t eam f r om t he G- 3 and t her epl acement s f r om t he G-1. The Di vi s i on Suppor t Commandcommander i s by doct r i ne r esponsi bl e f or maki ng t he weapon Isys t em r eady - t ~- f i g ht . ~ her ef or e, f or t he pur poses of t hi st hesi s t he Di vi s i on Suppor t Command commander i s t he commandand cont r ol el ement f or weapon syst em r epl acement oper at i onswi t hi n t he di vi s i on.

NOW t hat t he Di vi s i on suppor t Command commander i si dent i f i ed as t he command and cont r ol el ement , whatst r uct ur e i s needed t o accompl i sh t hi s m ssi on. I n or der t oest abl i sh a st r uct ur e t he key pl ayer s t hat execut e weaponsyst em r epl acement oper at i ons must be i dent i f i ed. The keypl ayer s ar e: weapon syst em manager ; t r ai ni ng t eam Suppl y

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and Ser vi ces Company, Repl acement Det achment ; and t heDi vi s i on Suppor t Command commander . To have a success f uloper at i on each of t he el ement s have t o be synchr oni zed.Thi s i s an adhoc or gani zat i on t hat nor mal l y does not wor kwi t h each ot her . For t he oper at i on t o wor k t here has t o bea st r ong l eader t hat can l i nk and synchr oni ze t he el ement st oget her . The Di vi s i on Suppor t command commander i sent i r el y to busy t o m cr o- manage t hi s one act i vi t y.However , t he oper at i on i s an i mpor t ant one t hat war r ant svi si bi l i t y. I r ecommend t he Di vi s i on Suppor t Commandcommander del egat e t hi s r esponsi bi l i t y t o head t hi s adhocor gani zat i on. Thi s i ndi vi dual coul d be t he Di vi s i on Suppor tCommand execut i ve of f i cer , Mai n Suppor t Bat t al i on commander ,or t he Di vi si on Suppor t command suppor t oper at i ons of f i cer .The i ndi vi dual shoul d have t he knowl edge of t he over al lscope of t he oper at i on. He shoul d have t he abi l i t y t oi nf l uence t hose el ement s t hat ar e par t of t he Di vi si onSuppor t Command. He al so shoul d have t he r ank and t hest at ur e t o deal wi t h t he G- 3 and G-1 on t r ai ni ng i ssues andr epl acement i ssues.

W t h t he Di vi si on Suppor t Command r esponsi bl e f ort he over al l conduct of t he oper at i on i t pr ovi des t hef ol l owi ng st r uct ur e: Di vi si on Suppor t command wi t h t hef ol l owi ng el ement s r epor t i ng t o i t : weapon syst em Managerand t he G- 3 weapon syst em r epl acement oper at i ons t r ai ni ngt eam The ot her el ement s are i n a nor mal suppor tr el at i onshi p. The Suppl y and Ser vi ce Company coor di nat es

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wi t h weapon sys t em manager , pr ovi des t he weapon s yst ems t ot he cr ews and l ogi st i cal l y suppor t s t he oper at i on ( seel ogi st i cs) . The Repl acement Det achment pr ovi des t he cr ewsand coor di nat es wi t h t he weapon syst em manager f or ar r i valand di sposi t i on. Bot h t he Suppl y and Ser vi ce Company andt he Repl acement Det achment coor di nat e wi t h t he G- 3 t r ai ni ngteam

I n synopsi s, t he Di vi si on Suppor t Command i s t heover seer of t he ent i r e operat i on. The weapon syst em managermanages t he r equi r ement s and coor di nat es f or t he weaponsys t ems and r epl acement s. The G- 3 t r ai ni ng t eam coor di nat eswi t h t he weapon syst em manager . He al so i nt er f aces wi t h t heRepl acement Det achment f or cr ews, and t he Suppl y and Ser vi ceCompany f or t he weapon sys t ems and l ogi st i cal suppor t f ort he cr ews and t he t r ai ni ng.

ReDl aCement Cr ew, Weanon Svst em Li nk- UDThe r epl acement cr ews and t he weapon sys t ems

pr ocesses ar e- t wo separ at e ent i t i es as t hey come i nt o t hedi vi si on. The r epl acement cr ews come f r om t he Repl acementCompany i n t he Cor ps r ear or - t he Repl acement Company i n t heTheat er r ear area t o t he Repl acement Det achment or sect i onat t he di vi si on. The Repl acement Det achment i s l ocat edwi t hi n t he Di vi si on Suppor t Ar ea. The Repl acementDet achment not i f i es t he weapon syst em manager when t he cr ewsar r i ve. The weapon syst ems come i nt o t he di vi si on f r om t heHeavy Mat er i el Suppl y Company l ocat ed i n t he Cor ps r ear

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a rea . The weapon systems a r r i v e by e i th e r r a i l or by heavyt r a n s p o r t ( H E T ) to the Class V I I sec t i on of t h e Supp lyPlato on, suppl y 'a n d. se rv ic e s~ ompany Once the . weapon .systems,;a r r i v e ' t h e weapon. system manager i s no t i f i ed . . , ...A f t e rboth t h e ,replacement ;cre.ws..,and he . weapon. systems .have .

ed then t h e l ink-up can;occur.~ . . . nk-up .The G-3' training-team'cotid They..

co or di na te .. wi th .~ th e upply and Services,..commander ,fo rt r a n s p o r t . of. t h e :crews. t o . t h e location-.-were.the-.weapon,systems- a re . loca ted .d is tance , s ince . .bot h t h e .weapon systems and . . , the replac.ement:sare . loca ted . . in t h e :Division-.Support..-Area..' .The G-3 t r a i n i n qteam. shou ld ;know::in,.,.advance. rom: t h e weapon system.managerof the': appr mak& de li ve ry da te s of replacement-crews an.d.t h e weapon systems. A s s ta ted in Chap te r I V , t h i s i scoordinated by t h e weapon system manager i n advance . Theweapon systems and t h e replacements ar e due i n t o t h ediv is ion on D minus three, D minus two and D minus one. Ift h e weapon system manager is doing h i s job t h e G-3 t r a i n i n qteam w i l l know the approximate dates so t h a t t r a n s p o r t a t i o ni s coordinated for in advance. A s time ge t s c l o s e r t o t h ea r r i v a l , t h e training team can follow up on t h e replacementsand weapon systems i f t he y are a dedicated team. I f t h et r a i n i ng team i s not formed y e t , t h e team O I C should keepabreast of t h e s t a t u s of t h e opera t ion . H e can do t h i sthrough t h e weapon system manager o r t h e Division SupportCommander's re pr es en ta ti ve i n charge. I f t h e team i s n o t

T h i s . . link-up .should .no t~ -be -a,g r e a t .

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f or med t hey wi l l need addi t i onal coor di nat i on i n order t oassembl e t he t eam The t eam shoul d be f or med at l east t heday pr i or t o the oper at i on st ar t dat e.

Loui s t i cal s u mo r tThe Suppl y and Ser vi ces Company i s t he pr i mar y

l ogi s t i cal suppor t er of t he ent i r e oper at i on. W t hi n t heCompany t he Suppl y Pl at oon as di scussed i n chapt er I Vpr ovi des t he weapon syst em r at i ons, and anci l l ar yequi pment . The Cl ass V ( ammuni t i on) i s pr ovi ded by t heCor ps Ammuni t i on Transf er Poi nt ( ATP) . The pl at oon wi l lhave t o coor di nat e f or t he basi c l oad of ammuni t i on aspr escri bed by t he Di vi si on G- 3. They wi l l al so have t ocoordi nat e f or t r anspor t at i on t o pi ck t he ammuni t i on up f romt he Cor ps ATP.

The Pet r ol eum Pl at oon pr ovi des t he Bul k cl ass I 11and package pr oduct s. The Heavy Mai nt enance Company of t heMai n Suppor t Bat t al i on pr ovi des a mai nt enance cont act t eamfor t he oper at i on. The Medi cal Company pr ovi des medi calsuppor t f or t he t r ai ni ng.

The Suppl y and Ser vi ce Company w l l : coor di nat e wi t ht he weapon syst em manager f or di sposi t i on of weapon syst ems.They t hen coor di nat e wi t h t he G- 3 Tr ai ni ng t eam f or t hel i nk- up of t he cr ews and t he si gni ng over of t he weaponsyst ems t o t he cr ews.

When t he Cl ass VI I sect i on conduct s t he t r ansf er oft he weapon syst ems t o t he cr ews t he anci l l ar y i t ems t hat ar e

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-The G- 3 Tr ai ni ng Team i s the c r i t i cal l i nk i n t he

weapon syst em r epl acement oper at i on. The t eam coor di nat eswi t h t he ot her el ement s t o ensur e t he cr ews l i nk- up wi t h t heequi pment . They al so make sur e t hat t he cr ews have whatt hey need t o go t o war . The t r ai ni ng pr ovi ded i s notel aborat e and i s desi gned t o f am l i ar i ze t he cr ew wi t h t heenvi r onment and t he weapon sys t em The t r ai ni ng sequence i sder i ved f r om t he G- 3 t r ai ni ng gui dance pr ovi ded i n chapt er1V. The t r ai ni ng gui dance i ncor por at es t he t r ai ni ngschedul e done i n oper at i on Deser t St or m f or weapon syst emr epl acement oper at i ons. The t r ai ni ng i s conduct ed i n t hr eedays and consi st s of t he f ol l owi ng t asks:Dav One: I npr ocessi ng Day

1. Repl acement s i npr ocess i nt o t he di vi si on2 . Repl acement s l i nk- up wi t h t r ai ni ng t eam and

gi ven br i ef i ng on upcom ng event s. Chai n of command i sest abl i shed wi t hi n t he r epl acement s.3 . I nvent or y of per sonnel equi pment . Equi pment i s

r epacked by t he di vi si on st andar d oper at i ng pr ocedur e ( A-Bag, B- Bag, Ruck Sack) . Shor t ages i dent i f i ed, t o be f i l l edby t he Suppl y and Ser vi ces Company.

4 . Tr anspor t ed t o Bi vouac ar ea, l ocat ed i n wal ki ngdi st ance t o t he I ssue Ar ea.

5 . Conduct l i m t ed t r ai ni ng i f t i me per m t s.

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Day TWO Equi pment Dr aw/ Tr ai ni ng1. I nvent or y weapon sys t ems. Takes appr oxi mat el y

f our hour s. Ensur e shor t ages ar e made up.2 . Conduct Pr event i ve mai nt enance checks ( PMCS)

accor di ng t o 1110 manual .3. Load A g 1Bags, r uck sacks, and BI I . Load BI I

based on 111011manual . Load ot her equi pment based onDi vi si on st andar d oper at i ng pr ocedur e f or l oad pl ans.

4 . Di sassembl e and cl ean weapons. ( machi ne guns)5 . Move and Dr aw Cl ass 111, cl ass I 11 package,

Cl ass I ( r at i ons) t hr ee day suppl y.6 . Move and Dr aw Cl ass V basi c l oad.7 . Conf i gur e Load pl an f or vehi cl e based on

Di vi si on St andar d Oper at i ng Pr ocedur e.a.9.

Dav Thr ee:1.2 .3.4 .5 .

t o expect ,6 .

wi t h t hr ee7.

uni t s .

Move t o an assembl y ar eaConduct cl asses on Rul es of Engagement .Weapon Syst em Fi r i ng/ Tr ai ni ngMOVe t o r anges.Fam l i ar i ze and zer o i ndi vi dual weapons.Boresi ght i ng of vehi cl e weapon syst ems.Vehi c l e conduct s ver i f i cat i onConduct i nt el l i gence updat e. Types of vehi cl es

f or mat i ons and t act i cs.Move t o Log Pac. Rear m r ef uel and r esuppl y

days of r at i ons.Move t o assembl y ar ea and pr epare t o move t o

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Day Four: Weapon syste ms move t o new u n i t s . T h i s i s doneby HET o r by d r i v i n g t o t h e a p p r op r i a te Brigade SupportArea.

T h i s t r a i n i n g i s conducted i n p la too n packages a sdescribed i n C ha pt er I V . For t h i s f i r s t i t e r a t i o n o f w eaponsystem rep lacement the t r a i n i n g team c o ns i s t s of a n O f f i c e ri n Charg e, Non-Commissioned O f f i c e r i n Charge; th re e t ankp l a to o n t r a i n e r s a nd f o u r M2/3 p l at o on t r a i n e r s . The t o t a lt r a i n i n g t eam c o n s i s t e d of nine pe r s onne l .

The pe a k t r a i n i ng i s t h e f i r s t day s in c e t he y a r e t or ep la ce th e f i r s t day c a s u a l t i e s . I n t h e s t a r t of anyb a t t l e t he f i r s t day c a s u a l t i e s a r e u s u a l l y t h e h i g h e s t .T h e r ef o r e , t h e t r a i n i n g team w i l l always be l a r g e r a t t h ebe g i nn i ng o f a ope ra t i on and t he n t a p e r o f f . A p o s s i b l es ec on da ry m is s io n f o r t h e t r a i n i n g team i s t o t r a i n t h ei nd i v i dua l r e p l a c e me n t s . They can do t h i s mission when theya r e no t doing weapon system replacement op er a t io ns . Thet r a i n i n g c o u ld c o n s i s t of enemy t a c t i c s , r u l e s of engagementand o t h e r a p p r o p r i a t e t a s k s .

The t r a i n i n g o u t l i n e d i s a u s t e r e and f a s t paced.The t r a i n i n g i s ba s e d on t h e s c e na r i o de s c r i be d i n Chap t erI V . Ea c h d i v i s i on w i l l have t o de t e rmine t h e t r a i n i n grequirements based on e xpe r i e nc e , mi s s i on , enemy, t e r r a i nand time (METT-T).

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CHAPTER VICONCLUSI ONS AND RECOMMENDATI ONSThi s chapt er wi l l dr aw t he concl us i ons f r om t he

anal ys i s t hat was pr ovi ded i n Chapt er V and t he Requi r ement sand Capabi l i t i es of t he scenar i o i n Chapt er I V. Theconcl usi on i s f ocused on whet her or not a heavy di vi si on cansuppor t weapon syst em r epl acement oper at i ons. Theconcl usi on wi l l al so answer t he ni ne secondar y quest i onsout l i ned i n Chapt er I . The second por t i on of t hi s Chapt erpr ovi des var i ous r ecommendat i ons.

Concl usi onsThe concl usi ons dr awn. wi l 1 i ncor por at e the f our

ar eas t hat wer e cover ed i n t he Anal ysi s Chapt er . The f ourar eas ar e: command and Cont r ol ; Or gani zat i on; Repl acementcr ew, weapon syst em l i nk- up; Logi st i cs; and Tr aPni ng. Theover al l concl usi on i s whet her t he heavy di vi si on can suppor tweapon syst em r epl acement oper at i ons.

The Command and Cont r ol of t he oper at i on i s based cnt he anal ys i s i n Chapt er V. I t i s best sui t ed f or t heDi vi si on Suppor t Commander t o have over al l r esponsi bi l i t yf or t he oper at i on. Doct r i ne suppor t s t hi s as st at ed i n FM100- 10. However , i n suppor t of t hi s t he Di vi si on Suppor tCommander i s si t uat ed i n t he Di vi si on suppor t Ar ea wher e t he

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operat i on i s conduct ed. He al so has under hi s cont r ol t hel ogi st i cs f unct i ons f or t he oper at i on and t he weapon syst emmanager . The ot her f unct i ons of t he oper at i on t hat ar e noti n t he di r ect cont r ol of t he Di vi si on Suppor t Commander ar et he Repl acement Det achment and t he t r ai ni ng t eam I n or derf or t he oper at i on t o be successf ul t he t r ai ni ng t eam shoul dbe at t ached f or t he oper at i on. Thi s pr ovi des t he Di vi si onsuppor t Command commander cont r ol over t he el ement snecessar y t o execut e t he oper at i on. The onl y el ement not i ndi r ect cont r ol i s t he Repl acement Det achment . However , t heRepl acement Det achment i s l ocat ed i n t he Di vi si on suppor tAr ea and can be coor di nat ed wi t h easi l y. Ther ef or e, t hemost pr act i cal commander i s t he Di vi s i on Suppor t Commandcommander f or t he command and cont r ol of t he oper at i on.Ther e ar e no r eal l i m t at i ons or r easons f or t he Di vi s i onSuppor t Command commander not t o be t he command and cont r olel ement . Si nce t he Di vi si on Suppor t Command commander i st he command and cont r ol el ement f or t he oper at i on aor gani zat i onal s t r uct ur e i s r equi r ed.

The or gani zat i onal st r uct ur e t hat was devel oped i nt he Anal ysi s Chapt er i ncor por at ed t he mai n el ement s t hatei t her manage t he pr ocess or execut e i t . The Anal ysi sdet er m ned t hat t he Di vi s i on Suppor t Command commander i sr esponsi bl e f or t he oper at i on, but i s t oo busy t o act ual l yover see t he day to day oper at i ons. Ther ef or e, t he Di vi si onSuppor t Command commander shoul d del egat e t o a seni orr epr esent at i ve who i s gi ven t he over s i ght r esponsi bi l i t i es .

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He shoul d have t he dept h of knowl edge and t he r ank t oi nt er f ace wi t h t he di f f er ent el ement s t o accompl i sh t hem ssi on. The onl y execut i on el ement t hat i s not wi t hi n theDi vi si ons Suppor t Command' s di r ect cont r ol i s t he Tr ai ni ngTeam The Tr ai ni ng Team wi l l need t o be at t ached to t heDi vi si on suppor t Command. Thi s wi l l al l ow f or one commanderf or one m ssi on. The Di vi si on Suppor t Command can easi l yabsorb

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