we will start shortly…. dam and hydro-structure monitoring with fo distributed sensing presented...
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We will start shortly…
Dam and hydro-structure monitoring with FO distributed sensing
Presented by: Riccardo Belli – PLM Distributed System
Web Seminar
• You should hear my voice through your PC speaker / headset
• You can ask questions using the “Questions” panel on the right of your screen. We will answer:
• In the “Questions” Panel• At the end of the presentation• By email
• Later this week you will receive link to:• Presentation in PowerPoint, PDF and with narration• Datasheets
Contents
• Introduction / motivations to dam and hydro-
structure Monitoring with Distributed Fiber
Optic Sensors
• Technology
• Application Examples
• Questions and Answers
Motivations
Traditional sensing
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Motivations
Anomaly occurence
Motivations
Sensing everywhere
Dam & Hydro-structure Monitoring Goals
• Detection of anomalies• seepage• internal erosion• hot spot• leaking cracks
• Analysis of anomaly evolution• Threshold monitoring• Seamless integration with traditional sensors
• Remote monitoring with alert triggering• Precise localization SENSING EVERYWHERE
Technology
Distributed Sensing
• Single fiber optic sensor (sensing cable)
• Every segment of sensing cable replaces a discrete
sensor (typically a long gage sensor)
• Provides for location (where?) and magnitude
(how much?) of measurand (average strain and/or
average temperature)
• Complete measurand profile obtained by single
scan
T, ε T, ε
DiTemp - Raman scattering effects
The Raman Anti-Stokes power is proportional to the thermal state of the optical fiber and changes according to environmental temperature changes that acts on the optical fiber.
Scattering medium
Laser, o
DiTemp System
T1
Reading UnitDistributed
Sensor0m
1m 100m
1km
5km
T1
T2
T2
Position [m]
Tem
p.
[°C
]
DiTemp Harsh System
Distributed Raman scattering
Temperature range: -40° C to 300° C Temperature accuracy: 0.1° C Temperature resolution: 0.01° C Sampling resolution: 1m Measurement Range: 5 km Number of channel: 4 Power consumption: 18 W (operating), 0.5 W (idle) Power requirements: 12-24 VDC Sensing fiber: MMF 50/125 m (ITU.T G.651) Operating Temperature range: -40° C to 65° C Remote operation
DiTemp Temperature Sensor
Leakage sensor and self heating cable
Temperature range: -40° C to 85° C Fiber: 4MMF (ITU.T G.651) Armoured: Stainless steel + wires (SS 316) Self heating cable: Stainless steel + wires + copper
• Management of distributed measurement data
• Temperature measurement analysis of single and
multiple sensors
• System Status Management
• Automatic and schedule measurements 24 / 7
• Alert triggering
• Warnings based on threshold and rate conditions
• Voice message, e-mail, SMS, acknowledge via SMS
• Remote connection and assistance
• Data displayed on maps
DiView Software TT
DiTemp system working principle
Passive method _ Leak Detection algorithm
temperature anomaly
warming
cooling
T/ °C
time
T/ °C
time
Pipeline
leak
DiTemp system working principle
Active method HPM _ Heat Pulse Method – self heating cable
Theating
Tleak
Tenvironment
Temperature
Time
HEATING TRANSIENT COOLING TRANSIENT
TNO LEAK
T LEAK
Applications examples
Siahbishe Upper and Lower Dam
Siabishe Hydropower Dam
SiahbisheMazandaran ProvinceIran
Hydropower Plant
Siahbishe Upper Dam
The Siah Bishe Pumped-storage Hydroelectric Power Project is the first in Iran. It provides valuable cover for demand surges in Northern provinces of Iran. Located 125 km from Tehran has an installed capacity of 1000 MW. The plant is intended to play a vital role in stabilizing the entire North Iran power grid, ensuring the safe operation of thermal power plants in the surrounding provinces. They have a storage volume of 3.5 and 3.6 million cubic meters, stand 82.5 & 102 meters high, and 436 & 332 meters across the crest.
The main aims are in this monitoring projects are:
- seepage at plinths level- active detection system with HPM technique
Siahbishe Upper Dam
Plinth of the upstream face of the upper dam
Siahbishe Dam – cable installation
Final Distributed Temperature Sensors Layout
DiTemp
DiTemp
damage
non measurable zone
Layout scenario in case of cable breakage
Siahbishe Dam – cable installation
DiTemp
damage
Solution scenario in case of cable breakage
Siahbishe Dam – cable installation
Detail of Distributed Temperature Sensors Layout
Siahbishe Dam – cable installation
Integration of Temperature sensor into geotextile
fleece structure
Protection of the installed integrated Temperature
structure with sand
Siahbishe Dam – cable installation
Siahbishe CMP
Complete and flexible CMP installation
Site measurements
Absolute temperature measurements during heating
Differential temperature measurements during heating
Site measurements
Heating procedure - theoretical
Heating procedure - practical
Site measurements
Absolute temperature measurements
Differential temperature measurements
Nam Ngum II Dam
Nam Ngum II
Nam Ngum ReservoirLaos
Hydropower plant
Nam Ngum II Dam
The dam is 181 meters high with a capacity of 615 megawatts and can produce 2300kw of electric power per hour. The structure is located on the Nam Ngum River, north of the Nam Ngum Dam I, about 90km out of Vientiane. The objective of the Nam Ngum II project is to produce electricity for sale to Thailand and for local consumption.
The main aims are:
- seepage at plinths level- active detection system with HPM technique
Nam Ngum II Dam
Construction phases of the dam
Final Distributed Temperature Sensors Layout
Nam Ngum II Dam – cable installation
Nam Ngum II Dam – cable installation
Detail of Distributed Temperature
Sensors Layout
Nam Ngum II Dam – cable installation
Nam Ngum II CMP
Heating system
DiTemp
Computer with DiView
Site measurements – data analysis
Temperature mapping during impounding
Koudiat Acerdoune Dam
Koudiat Acerdoune Dam
Country of LakhdariaDistrict of BouiraAlgeria
Water supply & Irrigation
Koudiat Acerdoune Dam
The construction of the Koudiat Acerdoune dam, with a capacity of 900 million m3, was allotted by the National Dam Agency to Razel Algeria. Made out of compacted concrete, the dam is supported by marly-shale soils.
The main aims in this monitoring projects are:
- temperature gradient inside the dam- seepage detection at dam low level
Koudiat Acerdoune Dam
KA Dam – April 2008
KA Dam – March 2009
Koudiat Acerdoune Dam
Final Distributed Temperature Sensors Layout
F1 F2 F3
F4
Koudiat Acerdoune Dam
DiTemp Reading Unit and accessories in the final CMP
Example of temperature profile measured on F4
Koudiat Acerdoune Dam – data analysis
Koudiat Acerdoune Dam – data analysis
20092008 20092008
Downstream face
Upstream face
Water reservoir
Ground
Luzzone Dam
Luzzone Dam
Luzzone Dam ReservoirSwitzerland
Hydropower plant
The Luzzone arch dam was completed in 1963. In the years 1997–1998, its height was increased by 17 m. The reservoir has a volume of 108 million m³ and a surface area of 1.27 km².
The main aims in this monitoring projects are: are:
- Temperature distribution inside a large concrete block during setting reaction, during construction phase- Verify simulations, avoid excessive temperature gradients, optimize concrete pouring sequence to improve knowledge on the dam behavior
Luzzone Dam
Luzzone Dam – cable layout
Luzzone Dam – data analysis
Artificial Water Reservoir
Water Resevoir
MurciaSpain
Water supply & Irrigation
Artificial Water Reservoir
The structure is a large artificial water reservoir with a length of 750m and a width of 270m
The main aims in this monitoring projects are:
- Early stage detection of leakage in the bed of the water reservoir
- active detection system with HPM technique
Artificial Water Reservoir
Construction phases of the water reservoir
Artificial Water Reservoir
Final Distributed Temperature Sensors
Layout
Artificial Water Reservoir
Final Distributed Temperature Sensors Layout
DiView software
System installed in the CMP
DiView Software running
Conclusion• Anomaly detection
• seepage• internal erososion• hot spot• leaking cracks
• Precise localization of temperature anomaly over long distances SENSING EVERYWHERE
• Reliability in demanding environments
• Extended measurements range
• Cost effective
• On-line permanent monitoring
• Powerful and versatile software for data management and intelligent alerts
Dam & Hydro Structure Monitoring
For more informationwww.roctest-group.com
Thank you for your attention