we use a two-color sandvik surface technology commercializing bipolar plate...
TRANSCRIPT
We use a two-color
headline system to
highlight our rational and
emotional side alike. The
first line appears in blue
(the rational side), the
second line in orange (the
emotional side) and the
duality principle is reflected
in the wording of the
headline.
This system refers to the
first page title only, all
other headlines are blue.
Learn more about our
verbal identity in the
Sandvik Brand Identity
Directives, which you can
download at the Intranet >
home.sandvik.com/brand
SANDVIK SURFACE TECHNOLOGY
COMMERCIALIZING BIPOLAR PLATE PRODUCTION
AGENDA
1. Introduction to Sandvik
2. Sanergy LT: coil-coated stainless steel for PEMFC bipolar plates
3. Characteristics of Sanergy LT
− Corrosion resistance & ICR
− Measuring ICR
− Forming of pre-coated SS
4. Cost target
5. Summary and questions
2015-11-11 IEA BPP workshop, Vienna 2015 2
By clicking the “add
picture” icon your
picture will be
inserted into and
cropped to the right
properties in the
placeholder. Do not
use “Insert > Picture
from file” in this
layout.
TIPS & TRICKS!
On the Picture Tools
tab you can click the
crop tool and choose
the “Fill” or “Fit” crop
tool from the drop
down menu to scale
and move your
picture within the
placeholder.
If you don’t use
subheading, please
feel free to move
textbox upwards to
vertical position 3,4
cm in “Format
shape” > Position
HERITAGE
Founded 1862 in
Sandviken, Sweden
A breakthrough and an
innovation started the company.
Göran Fredrik Göransson
redesigned the Bessemer
furnace to mass-produce steel
IEA BPP workshop, Vienna 2015 3 2015-11-11
By clicking the “add
picture” icon your
picture will be
inserted into and
cropped to the right
properties in the
placeholder. Do not
use “Insert > Picture
from file” in this
layout.
TIPS & TRICKS!
On the Picture Tools
tab you can click the
crop tool and choose
the “Fill” or “Fit” crop
tool from the drop
down menu to scale
and move your
picture within the
placeholder.
If you don’t use
subheading, please
feel free to move
textbox upwards to
vertical position 3,4
cm in “Format
shape” > Position
4
BUSINESS AREAS
Sandvik
Group
Sandvik
Machining
Solutions
Sandvik
Materials
Technology
Sandvik
Construction
Sandvik
Mining
Sandvik
Venture
Unique customer offering
within selected areas.
Equipment, tools, service
and technical solutions for
exploration, excavation and
processing of rock and minerals
in the mining industry.
The world’s widest range
of rock drilling, rock excavation,
rock processing, demolition and
bulk-materials handling
equipment, tools, services and
technical solutions for the
construction
industry.
Holds a clear global leadership
by offering productivity
enhancing products and
solutions for advanced industrial
metal cutting.
Industry-leading provider
of high value-added products in
advanced metallic materials for
selected niches in the most
demanding industries.
33%
38% 35%
16%
10% 6% 37%
53%
12% 3% 7%
Share of Sandvik Group’s total invoicing 2013.
Share of Sandvik Group’s operating
profit 2013 adjusted for nonrecurring charges.
Group activities account for -12%
2015-11-11 IEA BPP workshop, Vienna 2015
5
POWDER METALLURGY offers complex
shapes and unique material properties to
segments like energy, aerospace, as well as
3D-printing.
NICKEL ALLOYS to accelerate growth in high
corrosion applications in oil and gas and
chemical.
ADVANCED STAINLESS AND DUPLEX
– next generation of duplex materials
setting the industry standard in segments
like oil and gas – and chemical.
1980 2008
2015
1930
2020
Carbon steels
Special alloys
incl. nickel alloys
Advanced stainless
incl. duplex
Stainless and drill steels
Powder metallurgy
SMT MATERIALS EVOLUTION SETTING THE INDUSTRY STANDARD IN ENERGY AND ENERGY EFFICIENCY
2015-11-11 IEA BPP workshop, Vienna 2015
AGENDA
1. Introduction to Sandvik
2. Sanergy LT: coil-coated stainless steel for PEMFC bipolar plates
3. Characteristics of Sanergy LT
− Corrosion resistance & ICR
− Measuring ICR
− Forming of pre-coated SS
4. Cost target
5. Summary and questions
2015-11-11 IEA BPP workshop, Vienna 2015 6
SANDVIK PRE-COATED STRIP FOR PEMFC BPP
7
NANOTECHNOLOGY READY FOR MASS PRODUCTION
Cleaning
Coating steps
Analysis
Shaping
Shaping
Pre-Coated
CONVENTIONAL
METHOD
Logistics
Logistics
Assembly
Assembly
Logistics
Single plate
coating
Ce
Stainless Steel
2015-11-11 IEA BPP workshop, Vienna 2015 8
SANERGY LT PRODUCTION
2015-11-11 IEA BPP workshop, Vienna 2015 9
• High capacity PVD coating line
• Coil
• width: < 800 mm
• thickness: 0,07-0,8mm
• Coating
• Homogeneous or heterogeneous
• Multiple layers in one coating run
• In-line thickness control
AGENDA
1. Introduction to Sandvik
2. Sanergy LT: coil-coated stainless steel for PEMFC bipolar plates
3. Characteristics of Sanergy LT
− Corrosion resistance & ICR
− Measuring ICR
− Forming of pre-coated SS
4. Cost target
5. Summary and questions
2015-11-11 IEA BPP workshop, Vienna 2015 10
11
• Requirements
• Prevent formation of oxide scale on SS
• Low contact resistance (ICR/ASR)
• Good corrosion resistance
• Good formability / coating adhesion
• Sanergy LT coating
• Graphite-like carbon (GLC) coating
• Metallic interlayer
BPP COATINGS
2015-11-11 IEA BPP workshop, Vienna 2015
IEA BPP workshop, Vienna 2015
PROPERTIES OF SANERGY LT
GLC-coated AISI 304L
Currents are in the passive region between
0.6 V and -0.2 V, well below the DOE target
for 2020; I < 1µA/cm2
Testing conditions:
• pH 3, H2SO4
• N2 purge
• 80°C
Corrosion resistance
2015-11-11 12
GLC – 300nA/cm2
GLC – 360nA/cm2
Au-coated ref
IEA BPP workshop, Vienna 2015
Contact resistance
PROPERTIES OF SANERGY LT
• GLC coating comparable to Au-
coating
• ICRGLC = 3-6 mΩ*cm2 @ 14 bar
• ICRAu = 1,5-2 mΩ*cm2 @ 14 bar
2015-11-11 13
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
0 50 100 150 200
ICR
(mΩ
cm2 )
Pressure (N/cm2)
316L
Au
Sandvik C coating
316L
Au-coated reference
Sandvik GLC
IEA BPP workshop, Vienna 2015 14
FORMING OF COIL-COATED MATERIAL
2015-11-11
Sandvik / ZSW / Borit NV
IEA BPP workshop, Vienna 2015 15
FORMING OF COIL-COATED MATERIAL
Forming operation produces cracks in the coating
Impact on ICR?
1. Biaxial strain, 12%
2. ICR
3. Potentiostatic test
• 100h @ 0,7V (vs Ag/AgCl)
• pH3 , H2SO4
• 80ºC, N2
4. ICR
2015-11-11
IEA BPP workshop, Vienna 2015 16
FORMING OF COIL-COATED MATERIAL
2015-11-11
∆ICR= -1 ± 0,2 mΩ*cm2
Unstrained 12% biaxial strain
Sandvik C
As produced 3,1 3,5
Corr. test (100h) 4,9 3,9
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
ICR
(m
Ω*c
m2)
IEA BPP workshop, Vienna 2015 17
FORMING OF COIL-COATED MATERIAL
2015-11-11
∆ICR = -1 ± 0,2 mΩ*cm2
Unstrained 12% biaxial strain
Sandvik C
As produced 3,1 3,5
Corr. test (100h) 4,9 3,9
0
1
2
3
4
5
6IC
R (
mΩ
*cm
2)
• Coating adhesion is key
• No negative impact on ICR as a result of
forming operation
• Exposure of underlying substrate
• Choice of substrate important
• Publishable data of Me ion release not available
• Long-standing relationships with OEMs indication of
stable performance
2015-11-11 IEA BPP workshop, Vienna 2015 18
MEASURING ICR
F(N)
U
Au-coated Cu cylinders
GDL
Sample I GDL
F(N)
2015-11-11 IEA BPP workshop, Vienna 2015 19
IN-HOUSE ICR MEASUREMENT
• Importance of ICR measurement
• Key parameter for coating development
• Process optimisation
• Product quality control
• Setup No. 3
• Dedicated for ICR
• I = 1 A/cm2
• R= 20mm, sample size variable
• Stable
• Method error ± 0,2 mΩ*cm2
• CE-certified
AGENDA
1. Introduction to Sandvik
2. Sanergy LT: coil-coated stainless steel for PEMFC bipolar plates
3. Characteristics of Sanergy LT
− Corrosion resistance & ICR
− Measuring ICR
− Forming of pre-coated SS
4. Cost target
5. Summary and questions
2015-11-11 IEA BPP workshop, Vienna 2015 20
2015-11-11 IEA BPP workshop, Vienna 2015 21
COST TARGET, SANERGY LT
• 10€ / m2
• 316L, 0.1mm
• Double-sided GLC coating
• At volume production
SUMMARY – SANERGY LT
1. High capacity production line
− Improved logistics
2. Good corrosion resistance and consistent, low ICR
3. Forming of pre-coated material
− Coating adhesion is key!
− No negative impact on ICR in simulated PEMFC environment
4. Material cost target: 10 €/m2
2015-11-11 IEA BPP workshop, Vienna 2015 22
Improve SOFC life time by keeping Cr in the steel:
Reduce Cr evaporation
Improve corrosion resistance
Cobalt coating to create (Co,Mn)3O4 to reduce
outward diffusion of chromium
Utilize cerium coating to reduce oxidation rate
Ce
Co
Ce
Co
DEVELOPMENT OF SOFC INTERCONNECTS
Uncoated Ce/Co
AISI441
1000h/800°C
0
0,0002
0,0004
0,0006
0,0008
0,001
0,0012
0,0014
0,0016
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000
Cr
ev
ap
ora
tio
n (
kg
/m2)
Time(h)
AO Co800nm
AK uncoated
CR EVAPORATION
• (i) prevent Cr-evaporation from steel by using Co coating
Testing condition:
850°C in 20% O2
and 3% H2O
THANK YOU!
2015-11-11 IEA BPP workshop, Vienna 2015 25
Hanna Bramfeldt, PhD
Senior Research Engineer
Sandvik Materials Technology
Mobile: +46 76 126 1355